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(Author's Preface) |

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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch
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Author's Preface
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ÀúÀÚÀÇ ¼¹®
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If
no other knowledge deserves to be called useful but that which
helps to enlarge our possessions or to raise our station in
society, then Mythology has no claim to the appellation. But if
that which tends to make us happier and better can be called
useful, then we claim that epithet for our subject. For Mythology
is the handmaid of literature; and literature is one of the best
allies of virtue and promoters of happiness.
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¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ´Ã¸®°Å³ª »çȸÀû ÁöÀ§¸¦ ³ô¿©Áִµ¥
µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â Áö½Ä¸¸ÀÌ À¯ÀÍÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ºÒ·ÁÁú
°¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ½ÅÈ´Â ±× ÁöĪ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸òÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö
¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®¸¦ º¸´Ù ÇູÇϰÔ, ±×¸®°í º¸´Ù
³´°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â ÂÊÀ» À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù°í º»´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ±×
¸íĪÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ¸Â´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ½ÅÈ´Â ¹®ÇÐÀÇ ½Ã³àÀ̸ç, ¹®ÇÐÀº °¡Àå
µÎµå·¯Áø ´ö(Óì)ÀÇ µ¿¸ÍÀÚ Áß¿¡ ÇϳªÀ̸ç, ¶Ç
ÇູÀÇ ÃËÁøÀÚÀ̱⵵ Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
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Without a knowledge of mythology much of the elegant literature of
our own language cannot be understood and appreciated. When Byron
calls Rome "the Niobe of nations,"
or says of Venice, "She
looks a Sea-Cybele fresh from ocean," he calls up to the
mind of one familiar with our subject, illustrations more vivid
and striking than the pencil could furnish, but which are lost to
the reader ignorant of mythology. Milton abounds in similar
allusions. The short poem "Comus"
contains more than thirty such, and the ode "On
the Morning of the Nativity" half as many. Through "Paradise
Lost" they are scattered profusely. This is one reason
why we often hear persons by no means illiterate say that they
cannot enjoy Milton. But were these persons to add to their more
solid acquirements the easy learning of this little volume, much
of the poetry of Milton which has appeared to them "harsh and
crabbed" would be found "musical as is Apollo's
lute." Our citations, taken from more
than twenty-five poets, from Spenser to Longfellow, will show
how general has been the practice of borrowing illustrations from
mythology.The prose writers also avail themselves of the same source of
elegant and suggestive illustration. One can hardly take up a
number of the "Edinburgh" or "Quarterly
Review" without meeting with instances. In Macaulay's article
on Milton there are twenty such.
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½ÅÈ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½Ä ¾øÀÌ´Â ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ ¾ð¾î·Î ¾º¾îÁø
±âǰ ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÇÐÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀÌÇØµÇ°Å³ª °¨»óµÇ¾î
Áú ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¹ÙÀÌ·±ÀÌ ·Î¸¶¸¦ "¿©·¯³ª¶óÀÇ
´Ï¿Àº£"¶ó°í ºÎ¸£°Å³ª,
ȤÀº º£´Ï½º¸¦ "´ë¾ç(ÓÞåÇ)¿¡¼
°«³ª¿Â ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ Å°º§·¹Ã³·³" À̶ó°í À¼¾úÀ»
¶§, ±×°¡ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¿Í Ä£¹ÐÇÑ °Í,
¿¬Çʷδ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ´õ¿í »ý»ýÇÏ°í ¶Ù¾î³
±×¸²µéÀ» ºÒ·¯´Ù ÁÖÁö¸¸, ½Åȸ¦ ¸ð¸£´Â
µ¶Àڵ鿡°Õ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁ® ¹ö¸°´Ù. ¹ÐÅÏÀÇ
½Ã¿¡µµ ÀÌ¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ÀÎÀ¯(ìÚêç)°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ªÀº
½Ã "ÄÚ¸Ó½º"´Â
±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¼¸¥ °³
ÀÌ»óÀ̳ª ´ã°í ÀÖ°í, "ź»ýÀÇ ¾ÆÄ§¿¡"¶ó´Â
¼Û½Ã(áèãÌ)´Â ±× Àý¹Ý Á¤µµ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. "½Ç¶ô¿ø"
¿©±â Àú±â¿¡µµ dzºÎÇÏ°Ô Èð¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ
¿ì¸®°¡ °¡²û, °áÄÚ ¹®¸ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ¹ÐưÀº
Àç¹Ì°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µè´Â ÀÌÀ¯ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀοëµéÀº, ½ºÆæ¼ºÎÅÍ ·ÕÆç·Î¿ì±îÁö ½º¹°
´Ù¼¸ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ½ÃÀεé·ÎºÎÅÍ °¡Á® ¿Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ½ÅȷκÎÅÍ ¿¹½Ã¸¦ Â÷¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀϵéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª
ÈçÇѰ¡¸¦ º¸¿© ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
»ê¹® ÀÛ°¡µé ¶ÇÇÑ ±âǰÀÖ°í ÇÔÃ༺À» °¡Áø ²À °°Àº
Ãâó¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¿¹°¡ ¾ø´Â "¿¡µò¹ö±×"³ª
"°è°£ ¼Æò"À» ¹Þ¾Æ º¸±â´Â °ÅÀÇ
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¸ÅÄ÷¹ÀÌÀÇ ¹Ðư¿¡ °üÇÑ ±â»ç¿¡´Â
½º¹« °¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
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¡¡But how is mythology to be taught to one who
does not learn it through the medium of the languages of Greece
and Rome? To devote study to a species of learning which relates
wholly to false marvels and obsolete faiths is not to be expected
of the general reader in a practical age like this. The time even
of the young is claimed by so many sciences of facts and things
that little can be spared for set treatises on a science of mere
fancy.
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ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×¸®½º³ª
·Î¸¶ÀÇ ¾ð¾î¶ó´Â ¸Åü¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¹è¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â
ÀÌ¿¡°Ô ¾î¶»°Ô ½ÅȰ¡ °¡¸£ÃÄ Áú °ÍÀΰ¡? ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ï±âÁö
¾Ê´Â »ç°Çµé°ú ¼èÅðÇÏ¿© ¹ö¸° ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Â ÇÑ
ºÎ·ùÀÇ Çй®¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ¿© °øºÎÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
Áö±Ý°ú °°Àº ½Ç¸®ÀûÀÎ ½Ã´ë¿¡ »ç´Â ÀϹÝ
µ¶ÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±â´ë µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ÀþÀºÀÌ µéÀÇ
½Ã°£Àº ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹Àº »ç½Ç°ú »ç¹°µé¿¡ °üÇÑ Çй®¿¡
ºÙµé·Á ÀÖ¾î¼ ´Ü¼øÇÑ °ø»óÀ¸·Î µÈ Çй®¿¡ °üÇÑ
ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ³í¹®µé¿¡ ÇÒ¾ÖÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù.
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But may not the requisite knowledge of the subject be acquired by
reading the ancient poets
in translations? We reply, the field is too extensive for a
preparatory course; and these very translations require some
previous knowledge of the subject to make them intelligible. Let
any one who doubts it read the first
page of the "AEneid," and see what he can make of
"the hatred of Juno," the "decree of Parcae,"
the "judgement of Paris," and the "honors of
Ganymede," without this knowledge.
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ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Áö½ÄÀÌ, ¹ø¿ª¹°À» ÅëÇØ
°í´ëÀÇ ½ÃÀεéÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¾ò¾î Áú ¼ö´Â ¾øÀ»±î?
¿ì¸®´Â ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù: ±× ºÐ¾ß°¡ Áغñ °úÁ¤À¸·Î¼´Â
³Ê¹« ³Ð´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ÀÌµé ¹ø¿ª¹°ÀÌ ÀÌÇØµÉ
¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ·Á¸é ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾à°£ÀÇ »çÀü Áö½ÄÀÌ
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¶ó°í. ±×°ÍÀ» ÀǽÉÇÏ´Â À̵鿡°Ô "¾ÆÀ̳×À̵å"ÀÇ
ù ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ÀÐ¾î º¸°Ô Ç϶ó, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ Áö½ÄÀÌ
¾øÀÌ, "À¯³ëÀÇ Áõ¿À", "ÆÄ¸£Ä«ÀÇ
¸í·É", "ÆÄ¸®½ºÀÇ °áÁ¤", ±×¸®°í "°¡´Ï¸Þµ¥½ºÀÇ ¿µ¿¹"¿¡¼ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´ÂÁö º¸¶ó.
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Shall we be told that answers to such queries may be found in
notes, or by a reference to the Classical
Dictionary? We reply, the interruption of one's reading by
either process is so annoying that most readers prefer to let an
allusion pass unapprehended rather than submit to it. Moreover,
such sources give us only the dry facts without any of the charm
of the original narrative; and what is a poetical myth when
stripped of its poetry? The story of Ceyx
and Halcyone, which fills a chapter in our book, occupies but
eight lines in the best (Smith's) Classical Dictionary; and so of
others.
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±×·¯ÇÑ Áú¹®µé¿¡
´ëÇÑ ´äº¯µéÀÌ ÁÖ¼®À̳ª °íÀü¹®ÇÐ
»çÀüÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿©
ã¾Æ Áú ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í µè°Ô µÉ±î? ¿ì¸®´Â ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù:
¾çÂÊ °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇÏ¿© µ¶¼°¡ ÁߴܵÊÀº ³Ê¹«
Â¥Áõ½º·¯¿ö¼ ´ë°³ÀÇ µ¶ÀÚµéÀº Â÷¶ó¸® ±× °Í¿¡
ÀûÀÀÇϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â ÀοëÀ» ¸ð¸£´Â ä·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡·Á
ÇÑ´Ù. ´õ±º´Ù³ª, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¼³¸íµéÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´ÜÁö
¿ø·¡ À̾߱âÀÇ ¸Å·ÂÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÈ ¸Þ¸¶¸¥ »ç½Ç¸¸À» ÁÙ
»ÓÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ½ÅÈ¿¡¼ ½Ã¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù¸é
½ÃÀûÀÎ ½ÅÈ´Â µµ´ëü ¹«¾ùÀϱî? ÄÉÀ¨½º¿Í
¾ËÄû¿À³×ÀÇ À̾߱â´Â, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ã¥¿¡¼ ÇϳªÀÇ
Àå(íñ)À» ä¿ì´Âµ¥, °¡Àå ÁÁÀº (½º¹Ì½ºÀÇ)°íÀü
»çÀü¿¡¼´Â ¿©´ü ÁÙÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ °Íµµ
±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù.
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Our work is an attempt to solve this problem, by telling the
stories of mythology in such a manner as to make them a source of
amusement. We have endeavored to tell them correctly, according to
the ancient authorities,
so that when the reader finds them referred to he may not be at a
loss to recognize the reference. Thus we hope to teach mythology
not as a study, but as a relaxation from study; to give our work
the charm of a story-book, yet by means of it to impart a
knowledge of an important branch of education. The index at the
end will adapt it to the purposes of a reference, and make it a
Classical Dictionary for the parlor.
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¿ì¸®ÀÇ
ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ç®±â À§ÇÑ ½Ãµµ·Î¼,
µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô Áñ°Å¿òÀÇ ¿øÃµÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î
½ÅÈÀÇ À̾߱âµéÀ» µé·Á ÁØ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ»
°í´ëÀÇ Àü°Å(îðËà)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©, Á¤È®ÇϰÔ
À̾߱âÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿©, ±× °á°ú·Î µ¶ÀÚ°¡
±×°ÍµéÀÌ ÂüÁ¶µÇ¾î Áø °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¶§, ±×°¡ ±×
Âü°í¸¦ ÀνÄÇϴµ¥ ´çȲÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÈ´Ù.
±×¸®ÇÏ¿©,¿ì¸®´Â ½Åȸ¦ ¿¬±¸·Î¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í
¿¬±¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¿©À¯¸¦ °¡ÁüÀ¸·Î½á °¡¸£Ä¡±â¸¦
¹Ù¶õ´Ù; ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÛǰ¿¡ À̾߱âÃ¥À¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¸Å·ÂÀ»
ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °Í, ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀ» ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ±³À°ÀÇ
Áß¿äÇÑ ºÐ¾ß·Î¼ÀÇ Áö½ÄÀ» ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ·Á°í
ÇÑ´Ù.
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Most of the classical legends in "Stories
of Gods and Heroes" are derived from Ovid
and Virgil.
They are not literally translated, for, in the author's opinion,
poetry translated into literal prose is very unattractive reading.
Neither are they in verse, as well for other reasons as from a
conviction that to translate faithfully under all the
embarrassments of rhyme and measure is impossible. The attempt has
been made to tell the stories in prose, preserving so much of the
poetry as resides in the thoughts and is separable from the
language itself, and omitting those amplifications which are not
suited to the altered form.
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½Åµé°ú
¿µ¿õµéÀÇ À̾߱⿡¼ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °íÀü Àü¼³µéÀº ¿Àºñµð¿ì½º¿Í
º£¸£±æ¸®¿ì½º¿¡¼
°¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¹®ÀÚ ±×´ë·Î ¹ø¿ªµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ÀúÀÛÀÚÀÇ Àǰ߻ó, ¹®ÀÚ ±×´ëÀÇ »ê¹®À¸·Î
¹ø¿ªµÈ ½Ã´Â ½Ç·Î ¸Å·Â ¾ø´Â ÀÐÀ» °Å¸®À̱â
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼´Â ¹°·ÐÀ̰í, ¿î°ú ¿îÀ²ÀÇ
¸ðµç ³°¨ÇÔ ¾Æ·¡¼ Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô ¹ø¿ªÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â »ý°¢¿¡¼ ¾î´À °Íµµ ¿î¹®À¸·Î ÇÏÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. À̾߱âµéÀ» »ê¹®À¸·Î ÁøÇàÇϰíÀÚ
½ÃµµÇϸé¼, »ç»óµé¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϰí, ¾ð¾î ±×
ÀÚü·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ë·ÎÀÇ ½ÃÀûÀÎ ¸¹Àº
°ÍÀ» º¸Á¸Çϵµ·Ï Çϰí, º¯ÇüµÈ ÇüÅ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀº Áߺ¹µÈ °ÍÀ» »ý·«Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù.
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The Northern mythological
stories are copied with some abridgment from Mallet's "Northern
Antiquities." These chapters, with those on Oriental
and Egyptian
mythology, seemed necessary to complete the subject, though it is
believed these topics have not usually been presented in the same
volume with the classical fables.
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ºÏ±¸ÀÇ ½ÅÈ
À̾߱â´Â ¸»·¹ÀÇ "ºÏ±¸ À¯Àûµé"¿¡¼
¾à°£
¿ä¾àµÇ¾î º¹»çµÇ¾ú´Ù. °íÀü ¿ìÈ¿Í °°Àº
Ã¥ ¾È¿¡ ÈçÈ÷ ½Ç·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ¹Ï¾îÁö³ª, ÀÌ
ÀåµéÀº µ¿¾ç°ú ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀÇ ½ÅÈÀÇ Àå°ú ÇÔ²² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦
¿Ï¼ºÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í º¸¿´´Ù.
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The poetical citations so freely introduced are expected to answer
several valuable purposes. They will tend to fix in memory the
leading fact of each story, they will help to the attainment of a
correct pronunciation of the proper names, and they will enrich
the memory with many gems of poetry, some of them such as are most
frequently alluded to in reading and conversation.
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¹«Ã´ ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ
¼Ò°³µÇ´Â ½ÃÀûÀÎ ÀοëµéÀº ¿©·¯ °¡ÁöÀÇ °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â
¸ñÀû¿¡ ºÎÇյǸ®¶ó ±â´ëµÈ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â¾ï ¼Ó¿¡¼ °¢ À̾߱âÀÇ ÁÖµÈ
»ç½ÇµéÀ» ¹Ù·ÎÀâ¾Æ ÁÖ°í, °íÀ¯¸í»çÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ
¹ßÀ½À» ȹµæÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±â¾ï ¼Ó¿¡
¸¹Àº º¸¼® °°Àº ½Ã·Î ä¿ö ÁÙ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±× Áß ¾ó¸¶´Â
µ¶¼¿Í ´ëÈ¿¡¼ ¸Å¿ì ÀÚÁÖ ¾ð±ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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¡¡
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Having chosen mythology as connected with literature for our
province, we have endeavored to omit nothing which the reader of
elegant literature is likely to find occasion for. Such stories
and parts of stories as are offensive to pure taste and good
morals are not given. But such stories are not often referred to,
and if they occasionally should be, the English reader need feel
no mortification in confessing his ignorance of them.
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¿ì¸®ÀÇ Áö¹æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Çп¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â ½Åȸ¦
¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î, ±âǰ ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÇÐÀÇ µ¶ÀÚ°¡ ã°íÀÚ
ÇÏ´Â °è±âÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °Íµµ ºü¶ß¸®Áö
¾ÈÀ¸·Á ¾Ö½è´Ù. ¼ø¼öÇÑ ÃëÇâ°ú ¼±ÇÑ ¾ç½É¿¡ »óó¸¦
ÁÖ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ À̾߱â¿Í À̾߱âÀÇ ºÎºÐµéÀº ³»¾î
³õÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·¯ÇÑ À̾߱âµéÀº ±×·¸°Ô
ÀÚÁÖ ¾ð±ÞµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿µ¾î µ¶ÀÚµéÀº ±×°ÍµéÀ»
¸ð¸¥´Ù°í °í¹éÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ¾Æ¹«·± ºÎ²ô·¯¿òÀ» ´À³¢Áö
¾Ê¾Æµµ µÈ´Ù.
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¡¡
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Our work is not for the learned, nor for the theologian, nor for
the philosopher, but for the reader of English literature, of
either sex, who wishes to comprehend the allusions so frequently
made by public speakers, lecturers, essayists, and poets, and
those which occur in polite conversation.
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¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷Àº
½ÄÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ½ÅÇÐÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ °Íµµ
¾Æ´Ï¸ç, öÇÐÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ÇÏÁö¸¸,
³²³à¸¦ °¡¸®Áö ¾Ê°í, ´ëÁß ¿¬¼³°¡, °¿¬ÀÚµé,
¼öÇʰ¡µé, ±×¸®°í ½ÃÀε鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¸Å¿ì ºó¹øÈ÷
ÀÌ·ç¾î Áö°í, °ø¼ÕÇÑ ´ëÈ¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Â ÀÎÀ¯¸¦
ÀÌÇØÇϰíÀÚ ¼Ò¿øÇÏ´Â ¿µ±¹ ¹®ÇÐÀÇ µ¶ÀÚµéÀ»
À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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¡¡
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In the "Stories of
Gods and Heroes" the compiler has endeavored to impart
the pleasures of classical learning to the English reader, by
presenting the stories of Pagan mythology in a form adapted to
modern taste. In "King
Arthur and His Knights" and "The Mabinogeon"
the attempt has been made to treat in the same way the stories of
the second "age of fable," the age which witnessed the
dawn of several states of Modern Europe.
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"½Åµé°ú ¿µ¿õµéÀÇ À̾߱â"¿¡¼
ÆíÁýÀÚ´Â, À̱³ ½ÅÈÀÇ À̾߱⠵éÀ» Çö´ëÀÇ ±âÈ£¿¡
¸Â°Ô °¢»öµÈ ÇüÅ·ΠÁ¦½ÃÇÏ¿©, °íÀü ¹®ÇÐÀ» ¹è¿ì´Â
±â»ÝµéÀ» ¿µ¾î µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ°íÀÚ
³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. "¾Æ´õ¿Õ°ú
±×ÀÇ ±â»çµé" ±×¸®°í "¸¶ºñ³ëÁ¸"¿¡¼
¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î µÎ¹øÂ°ÀÇ "¿ìÈÀÇ
½Ã´ë,"ÀÇ À̾߱⵵ ´Ù·ç¾î º¸·Á´Â ½Ãµµ°¡
ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ½Ã´ë´Â Çö´ë À¯·´ÀÇ ¿©·¯ ±¹°¡ÀÇ
¿©¸íÀ» Áõ°ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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¡¡
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It is believed that this presentation of a literature which held
unrivalled sway over the imaginations of our ancestors, for many
centuries, will not be without benefit to the reader, in addition
to the amusement it may afford. The tales, though not to be
trusted for their facts, are worthy of all credit as pictures of
manners and it is beginning to be held that the manners and modes
of thinking of an age are a more important part of history than
the conflicts of its peoples, generally leading to no result.
Besides this, the literature of romance is a treasure-house of
poetical material, to which modern poets frequently resort. The
Italian poets, Dante and Ariosto,
the English, Spenser, Scott, and Tennyson, and our own Longfellow
and Lowell, are examples of this.
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¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È ¿ì¸®
¼±Á¶ÀÇ »ó»ó·ÂÀ» ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÇÊÀûÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï
Áö¹èÇÏ¿© ¿Â ¹®ÇÐÀÇ Á¦½Ã´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â
Áñ°Å¿ò¿¡ ´õÇÏ¿©¼, µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô À¯ÀÍÇÔÀÌ ¾øÁö´Â
¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó ¹Ï¾îÁø´Ù. ±× À̾߱âµéÀº, ºñ·Ï ¾×¸é
±×´ë·Î ¹ÏÁø ¸øÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¹æ¹ýÀûÀÎ ±¸µµ·Î¼
¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î
¾Æ¹«·± °á°ú¿¡µµ µµ´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌÀÇ
¹Ý¸ñ º¸´Ùµµ, ÇÑ ½Ã´ë¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú ¾çŰ¡ ´õ
Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ª»çÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀÌ´Ù¶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀÌ Á¦±âµÇ°í
ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ µ¡ºÙ¿©¼, ¹«¿ë´ãÀÇ ¹®ÇÐÀº ½ÃÀû
¼ÒÀçÀÇ º¸¹° â°íÀ̸ç, Çö´ëÀÇ ½ÃÀεéÀº ÀÚÁÖ
À̰Ϳ¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ½ÃÀεé, ´ÜÅ׿Í
¾Æ¸®½ºÅä, ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ½ºÆæ¼, ½ºÄÚÆ® ¹× Å״Ͻ¼,
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ ·ÕÆç·Î¿ì, ·ÎÀ£Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.
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These legends are so connected with each other, so consistently
adapted to a group of characters strongly individualized in
Arthur, Launcelot, and their compeers, and so lighted up by the
fires of imagination and invention, that they seem as well adapted
to the poet's purpose as the legends of the Greek and Roman
mythology. And if every well-educated young person is expected to
know the story of the Golden
Fleece, why is the quest of the Sangreal less worthy of his
aquaintance? Or if an allusion to the shield of Achilles ought not
to pass unapprehended, why should one to Excalibar, the famous
sword of Arthur?
"Of
Arthur, who, to upper light restored,
With that terrific sword,
Which yet he brandishes for future war,
Shall lift his country's fame above the polar star."
[William Wordsworth, Artegal
and Elidure, lines 53 - 56]
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ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àü¼³µéÀº
¼·Î ³Ê¹« ¿¬°üÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¼, ³Ê¹«³ª Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ´õ,
·Ð½º·ÎÆ®, ¹× ´Ù¸¥ µ¿·áµé¿¡¼ °ÇÏ°Ô °³¼ºÈµÈ
Àι°µéÀÇ ±×·ìÀ¸·Î °¢»öÀÌ µÇ¾î, ³Ê¹«³ªµµ
»ó»ó·Â°ú âÁ¶ÀÇ ºÒ·Î¼ ¹àÇô Á³±â¿¡, ±×¸®½º¿Í
·Î¸¶ ½ÅÈÀÇ Àü¼³µé ¸¸ÅÀ̳ª ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô ½ÃÀÎÀÇ
Àǵµ¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ¹ø¾ÈÀÌ µÈ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ±×¸®°í ¸¸¾à
ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô ±³À°¹ÞÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀþÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ È²±Ý ¾çÅÐ
À̾߱⸦ ¾Ë°í Àֱ⸦ ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿Ö »ó±×¸®¾óÀÇ
ŽÇèÀº ±×ÀÇ ±â¾ï¿¡¼ °¡Ä¡°¡ ¶³¾î Áö´Â°¡? ¶Ç´Â
¾ÆÅ³·¹½ºÀÇ ¹æÆÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÀ¯¸¦ ¸ð¸£°í ³Ñ¾î°¡¼´Â
¾È µÈ´Ù¸é, ¾Æ´õÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ Ä®ÀÎ ¿¢½ºÄ®¸®¹ö¿¡
´ëÇÑ ÀÎÀ¯´Â ¿Ö ¸ô¶óµµ µÇ´Â°¡?
¾Æ´õ, ±×´Â,
¶Ù¾î³ Àι°·Î ´Ù½Ã ¼°í,
±× ¹«¼¿î °ËÀ» °¡Áö°í,
±×°ÍÀ» ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ´Ù°¡¿Ã ÀüÀï¿¡ Èֵθ£¸ç.
Àڱ⠳ª¶óÀÇ ¸í¼ºÀ» ºÏ±Ø¼º À§¿¡ µå³ôÀ̸®¶ó.
[Àª¸®¾ö ¿öÁî¿öµå, Artegal
and Elidure, 53 - 56Çà]
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It
is an additional recommendation of our subject, that it tends to
cherish in our minds the idea of the source from which we sprung.
We are entitled to our full share in the glories and recollections
of the land of our forefathers, down to the time of colonization
thence. The associations which spring from this source must be
fruitful of good influences; among which not the least valuable is
the increased enjoyment which such associations afford to the
American traveller when he visits England, and sets his foot upon
any of her renowned localities.
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¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡
´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ÁÁÀº Á¡Àº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡ ¿ì¸®°¡
¼Ú¾Æ³ª¿Â ±Ù¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³³äÀ» ¼ÒÁßÈ÷ ÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù´Â
Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×ÀüºÎÅÍ ½Ä¹ÎÈ
½Ã´ë±îÁö ¿ì¸® ¼±Á¶µéÀÇ ¶¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿µ±¤µé°ú ±â¾ïµé¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ±Ù¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼Ú¾Æ
³ª¿À´Â °ü°èµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¿µÇâµéÀ» ¿¸Å·Î
ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; ±× Áß¿¡´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ °ü°è°¡, ¿µ±¹À»
¹æ¹®Çؼ À¯¸íÇÑ Áö¿ª ¾îµðµç°¡¿¡ ¹ßÀ» µé¿© ³õÀ»
¶§, ¹Ì±¹ ¿©ÇàÀÚ¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´õÇØÁÖ´Â
Áñ°Å¿òÀº °¡Ä¡°¡ Àý´ë·Î ÀÛÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
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¡¡
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The legends of Charlemagne
and his peers are necessary to complete the subject. In an age
when intellectual darkness enveloped Western Europe, a
constellation of brilliant writers arose in Italy. Of these, Pulci
(born in 1432), Boiardo
(1434), and Ariosto
(1474) took for their subjects the romantic fables which had for
many ages been transmitted in the lays of bards and the legends of
monkish chroniclers. These fables they arranged in order, adorned
with the embellishments of fancy, amplified from their own
invention, and stamped with immortality. It may safely be asserted
that as long as civilization shall endure these productions will
retain their place among the most cherished creations of human
genius.
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»þ¸¦¸¶´ºÀÇ
Àü¼³°ú ±×ÀÇ ¸Â¼öµéÀº ±× ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¿Ï¼ºÇÒ Çʿ䰡
ÀÖ´Ù. Áö¼ºÀÇ ¾ÏÈæÀÌ ¼À¯·´À» °¨½Î°í ÀÖ´ø ½Ã´ë¿¡,
ÇÑ ¹«¸®ÀÇ ÃѸíÇÑ ÀÛ°¡µéÀÌ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¿¡¼ ÀϾî
³µ´Ù. ÀÌ Áß¿¡¼, Ǯġ(1432),
º¸À̾Ƹ£µµ(1434),
±×¸®°í ¾Æ¸®½ºÅä(1474)´Â,
¿©·¯ ½Ã´ë¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ½ÃÀεé Ãþ¿¡¼ ±×¸®°í ¼öµµ½ÂÀÇ
¿¬´ë±â·ÏÀÚÀÇ Àü¼³·Î¼ Àü½ÂµÇ¾î ¿Â ³¶¸¸ÀûÀÎ
¿ìȸ¦, ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦·Î »ï¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÌµé ¿ìȸ¦
¼ø¼´ë·Î Á¤¸®Çϰí, °ø»óÀÇ Àå½ÄÀ¸·Î ²Ù¹Ì°í, ±×µé
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã¢ÀÛÀ¸·Î ´Ã·Á ³ª°¡°í, ºÒ¸ê¼ºÀ» ºÙ¿©
³Ö¾ú´Ù. ¹®¸íÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â ÇÑ À̵é ÀÛǰÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ
õÀ缺À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °¡Àå ¼ÒÁßÈ÷ ¿©°ÜÁö´Â âÀÛ¹°
»çÀÌ¿¡¼ ±× ÀÚ¸®¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸¶À½ ³õ°í
ÁÖÀåÇØµµ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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¡¡
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¡¡
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In "Stories of Gods and Heroes," "King Arthur and
His Knights" and "The Mabinogeon" the aim has been
to supply to the modern reader such knowledge of the fables of
classical and medi©¡val literature as is needed to render
intelligible the allusions which occur in reading and
conversation. The "Legends
of Charlemagne" is intended to carry out the same design.
Like the earlier portions of the work, it aspires to a higher
character than that of a piece of mere amusement. It claims to be
useful, in aquainting its readers with the subjects of the
productions of the great poets of Italy. Some knowledge of these
is expected of every well-educated young person.
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"½Åµé°ú
¿µ¿õµéÀÇ À̾߱â," "¾Æ´õ ¿Õ°ú ±×ÀÇ ±â»çµé"
±×¸®°í "¸¶ºñ³ëÁ¯"¿¡¼ ¸ñÀûÀº, Çö´ëÀÇ
µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô, µ¶¼³ª ´ëÈ Áß¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Â
ÀÎÀ¯µéÀ» ÀÌÇØ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÙ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ
±×¸®½º ¹× Áß¼¼ÀÇ ¹®ÇлóÀÇ ¿ìȵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ»
°ø±ÞÇϱâ À§ÇÔÀ̾ú´Ù. "»þ¸¦¸¶´ºÀÇ
Àü¼³"Àº ²À °°Àº ±¸µµ¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱâ·Î
ÀǵµµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ Ãʱ⠺κеé°ú °°ÀÌ, ±× °ÍÀº
´Ü¼øÇÑ Áñ°Å¿òÀÇ ´ÜÆíÀ¸·Î¼º¸´Ù ǰ°Ý ÀÖ´Â Àι°À»
Ãß±¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ
½ÃÀεéÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¾Ë¸²¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ±×°ÍÀº
À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¾à°£ÀÇ Áö½ÄÀÌ
Àß ±³À°¹ÞÀº ¸ðµç ÀþÀºÀ̵鿡°Ô ±â´ëµÈ´Ù.
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¡¡
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¡¡In reading these romances, we cannot fail to observe how the
primitive inventions have been used, again and again, by
successive generations of fabulists. The Siren of Ulysses
is the prototype of the Siren of Orlando,
and the character of Circe reappears in Alcina. The fountains
of Love and Hatred may be traced to the story of Cupid
and Psyche; and similar effects produced by a magic draught
appear in the story of Tristram and Isoude, and, substituting a
flower for the draught, in Shakespeare's "Midsummer
Night's Dream." There are many other instances of the
same kind which the reader will recognize without our assistance.
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ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
¹«¿ë´ãµéÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¶§¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ø½ÃÀûÀÎ
âÀÛÀÌ ¿ìÈÀÛ°¡ÀÇ °è¼ÓÀÎ ¼¼´ë¿¡¼ ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ¿©
»ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´ÂÁö °üÂûÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¿Àµð¼¼ÀÌÀÇ
»çÀÌ·»Àº ¿Ã¶õµµÀÇ
»çÀÌ·»ÀÇ ¿øÇüÀ̸ç, ۸£ÄÉÀÇ Àι°ÀÌ ¾ËŰ³ª¿¡ Àç
µîÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶û°ú
Áõ¿ÀÀÇ »ùµéÀº ¿¡·Î½º¿Í ÇÁ½¬ÄÉ
À̾߱â·Î °Å½½·¯ °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù; ¸¶¹ýÀÇ ¼ú¿¡
ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾îÁø ºñ½ÁÇÑ È¿°ú°¡ Æ®¸®½ºÆ®¶÷°ú
¾ÆÀ̼ҿìµåÀÇ À̾߱⿡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, ½¦ÀͽºÇǾîÀÇ
"ÇÑ¿©¸§ ¹ãÀÇ
²Þ,"¿¡¼´Â ¼úÀ» ²ÉÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
µµ¿òÀÌ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ µ¶ÀÚ°¡ ¾Ë¾Æ Â÷¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶È °°Àº
Á¾·ùÀÇ ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
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¡¡
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¡¡
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The sources whence we derive these stories are, first, the Italian
poets named above; next, the "Romans
de Chevalerie" of the Compte de Tressan; lastly, certain
German collections of popular tales. Some chapters have been
borrowed from Leigh
Hunt's "Translations from the Italian Poets." It
seemed unnecessary to do over again what he had already done so
well; yet, on the other hand, those stories could not be omitted
from the series without leaving it incomplete.
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¿ì¸®°¡ À̵é
À̾߱⸦ °¡Á®¿À´Â Ãâó´Â, ù°·Î, À§¿¡ °Å¸íµÈ
ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ½ÃÀεéÀÌ´Ù; ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î, ²Çµå ¶ß·¹»óÀÇ
"±â»çµéÀÇ
¹«¿ë´ã"À̸ç; ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¾î¶² µ¶ÀÏ ¹Î´ã
¸ðÀ½ÁýÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÀåµéÀº ·¹ÀÌ
Ç寮ÀÇ "ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ½ÃÀεé·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¹ø¿ª¹°"
¿¡¼ Â÷¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù." ÀÌ¹Ì Àß ÇØ³õÀº °ÍÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÇÒ
ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø¾î º¸ÀδÙ; ÇÏÁö¸¸,ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î, ±×·±
À̾߱âµéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µéÁö ¾Ê°í´Â
ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ³»¿ëµé¿¡¼ »ý·«µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
¡¡
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¡¡THOMAS BULFINCH
¡¡
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