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±Ù´ëÀÇ ±«¹°
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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch
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CHAPTER XXXVI
MODERN MONSTERS
THE PHOENIX
BASILISK
UNICORN
SALAMANDER
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Á¦ 36 Àå
±Ù´ëÀÇ ±«¹°µé
Æ÷¿¡´Ð½º
¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÅ©
À¯´ÏÄÜ
»ì¶ó¸¸µå¶ó
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MODERN MONSTERS
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±Ù´ëÀÇ ±«¹°µé |
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THERE is a set of imaginary beings which seem to have been
the successors of the "Gorgons, Hydras, and Chimeras
dire"* of the old superstitions, and, having
no connection with the false gods of Paganism, to have
continued to enjoy an existence in the popular belief
after Paganism was superseded by Christianity. They are
mentioned perhaps by the classical writers, but their
chief popularity and currency seem to have been in more
modern times. We seek our accounts of them not so much in
the poetry of the ancients as in the old
natural history books and narrations of travellers.
The accounts which we are about to give are taken chiefly
from the Penny Cyclopedia.
*Webmaster's note: Bulfinch is
quoting Alexander Hamilton: The Federalist, January
9, 1788
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°í´ëÀÇ ¹Ì½Å»óÀÇ ¹«¼¿î ±«¹°ÀÎ <°í¸£°ï, È÷µå¶ó, ۸¶À̶ó>ÀÇ ÈİèÀÚ·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀϱºÀÇ °¡°øÀû Á¸Àç°¡ Àִµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ±×¸®½º ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ½Åµé°ú´Â ÀüÇô °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³°¡ ±×¸®½º ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÈ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ¹ÎÁßÀÇ ½Å¾Ó ¼Ó¿¡ °è¼Ó ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °Í °°´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±«¹°Àº °íÀüÀÛ°¡µéÀÌ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ µíÇÏÁö¸¸, ³Î¸® À¯Æ÷µÈ °ÍÀº ÈξÀ ÈÄ´ëÀÇ ÀÏÀÎ °Í °°´Ù.
¿ì¸®°¡ ±×µé¿¡ °üÇÑ ±â·ÏÀ» ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº, °í´ë ½ÃÀεéÀÇ ÀÛǰ¿¡¼º¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á °í´ëÀÇ ¹Ú¹°Áö³ª ¿©ÇàÀÚµéÀÇ ±âÇ๮ÀÌ´Ù.
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THE PHOENIX
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Æ÷À̴нº[ÝÕÞÝðè]
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Ovid tells the story of the
Phoenix
as follows: "Most beings spring from other
individuals; but there is a certain kind which reproduces
itself. The Assyrians call it the Phoenix. It does not
live on fruit or flowers, but on frankincense and
odoriferous gums. When it has lived five hundred years, it
builds itself a nest in the branches of an oak, or on the
top of a palm tree. In this it collects cinnamon, and
spikenard, and myrrh, and of these 'materials builds a
pile on which it deposits itself, and dying, breathes out
its last breath amidst odours. From the body of the parent
bird, a young Phoenix issues forth, destined to live as
long a life as its predecessor. When this has grown up and
gained sufficient strength, it lifts its nest from the
tree (its own cradle and its parent's sepulchre), and
carries it to the city of Heliopolis in Egypt, and
deposits it in the temple of the Sun."
[see source: Ovid's
Metamorphoses, Book XV - beginning line 579]
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¿Àºñµð¿ì½º´Â Æ÷À̴нº¿¡ °üÇØ¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ À̾߱âÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
<´ë°³ÀÇ »ý¹°Àº ´Ù¸¥ °³Ã¼·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÚü»ý½ÄÀ» ÇÏ´Â »ý¹°ÀÌ Çϳª ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¾Ñ½Ã¸®¾Æ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Æ÷À̴нº¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â »õÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Æ÷À̴нº´Â °ú½ÇÀ̳ª ²ÉÀ» ¸Ô°í »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À¯ÇâÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ Çâ±â·Î¿î ¼öÁö(â§ò·)¸¦ ¸Ô°í »ê´Ù. ¹é³â µ¿¾È »ê ÈÄ¿¡ Âü³ª¹« °¡Áö³ª Á¾·Á³ª¹« ²À´ë±â¿¡ µÕ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ µÕ¿ì¸® ¼Ó¿¡´Ù °èÇÇ(Ìýù«),°¨¼Û(Êöáæ),¸ô¾à(ÙÒå·) µîÀ» ¹°¾îµé¿© ½×¾Æ ³õ°í ±× À§¿¡ ´©¿ö¼ °®°¡Áö Çâ±â ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¸¶Áö¸· ¼ûÀ» °ÅµÐ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇØ¼ Á×Àº ¸ðü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾î¸° Æ÷À̴нº°¡ ³ª¿Í ¿ª½Ã ¾î¹Ì»õ¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¹é ³âÀ̶õ ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀ» »ì¾Æ°¥ ¿î¸íÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. ÀÌ »õ³¢»õ°¡ ÀÚ¶ó¼ ÃæºÐÇÑ Ã¼·ÂÀ»¾ò°Ô µÇ¸é ±× »õ´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¿ä¶÷ÀÌ¿ä ¾î¹ÌÀÇ ¹«´ýÀÎ ³ª¹«¿¡¼ ±× º¸±ÝÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¶â¾î³»¾î, ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀÇ Ç︮¿ÀÆú¸®½º ½Ã·Î ¿Å°Ü¼ žç½ÅÀÇ ½ÅÀü¿¡ °®´Ù ³õ´Â´Ù.>
À̰ÍÀº ½ÃÀÎÀÇ º¸°íÀÌ´Ù.
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Such is the account given by a poet. Now let us see
that of a philosophic historian. Tacitus
says, "in the consulship of Paulus Fabius (A.D. 34)
the miraculous bird known to the world by the name of the
Phoenix, after disappearing for a series of ages,
revisited Egypt. It was attended in its flight by a group
of various birds, all attracted by the novelty, and gazing
with wonder at so beautiful an appearance." He then
gives an account of the bird, not varying materially from
the preceding, but adding some details. "The first
care of the young bird as soon as fledged, and able to
trust to his wings, is to perform the obsequies of his
father. But this duty is not undertaken rashly. He
collects a quantity of myrrh, and to try his strength
makes frequent excursions with a load on his back. When he
has gained sufficient confidence in his own vigour, he
takes up the body of his father and flies with it to the
altar of the Sun, where he leaves it to be consumed in
flames of fragrance."
[see source: The
Annals of Publius Cornelius Tacitus - Book. 6, section
28]
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´ÙÀ½Àº öÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ª»ç°¡ÀÇ ¼³¸íÀ» µé¾îº¸ÀÚ. ŸŰÅõ½º´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
<ÆÄ¿ï·ç½º ÆÄºñ¿ì½ºÀÇ ÁýÁ¤½Ã¿¡ Æ÷À̴нº¶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁø ±â¹¦ÇÑ »õ°¡ ¿À·§µ¿¾È º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Ù°¡ ÀÌÁýÆ®¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ã¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ³¯¾Æ¿Ã ¶§ ÇÑ ¶¼ÀÇ °¢Á¾ »õµéÀÌ µû¶ó¿Ô´Âµ¥, ¸ðµÎ ´Ù ±× ½Å±âÇÔ¿¡ ¸¶À½ÀÌ À̲ø·È°í, ±× ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ±¤°æÀ» °æÅºÇÏ¸é¼ ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù.>
±×¸®°í ŸŰÅõ½º´Â ±× »õ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇϰí Àִµ¥, ¿Àºñµð¿ì½ºÀÇ ±×°Í°ú º° Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¾øÀ¸³ª, ´Ù¼Ò »ó¼¼ÇÑ Á¡À» µ¡ºÙÀ̰í ÀÖ´Ù.
<ÀÌ ¾î¸° »õ°¡ ±êÅÐÀÌ ³ª¿À°í ³¯°³¸¦ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¸é ¿ì¼± ù°·Î ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀº±×ÀÇ ºÎÄ£ÀÇ ÀåÀǸ¦ °ÅÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ Àǹ«¸¦ ¼ÒȦÈ÷ ÇÏ·Á µéÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. »ó´çÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ¸ô¾àÀ» ¼öÁýÇϰí, ÀÚ±âÀÇ ÈûÀ» ½ÃÇèÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© µî¿¡ ÁüÀ» Áö°í¼ ÀÚÁÖ ¿ø°Å¸® ºñÇàÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ±âÀÇ Èû¿¡ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» °®°Ô µÇ¸é, ºÎÄ£ÀÇ ½Ãü¸¦ Áö°í žç½ÅÀÇ Á¦´ÜÀ¸·Î ³¯¾Æ°¡ ½Ãü¸¦ ±×°÷¿¡ ³»·Á³õ°í Çâ±â·Î¿î È¿°¼Ó¿¡ Å¿ö ¹ö¸°´Ù.>
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Other writers add a few particulars. The myrrh is
compacted in the form of an egg, in which the dead Phoenix
is enclosed. From the mouldering flesh of the dead bird a
worm springs, and this worm, when grown large, is
transformed into a bird. Herodotus
describes the bird, though he says, "I have not
seen it myself, except in a picture. Part of his plumage
is gold-coloured, and part crimson; and he is for the most
part very much like an eagle in outline and bulk."
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¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Àú¼ú°¡µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ Á¡À» ¾à°£ µ¡ºÙÀ̰í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ð¾Æ¿Â ¸ô¾àÀ» ´Þ°¿ ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ¹¶ÃÄ ±× ¼Ó¿¡ Á×Àº Æ÷À̴нºÀÇ ½Ãü¸¦ ³Ö´Â´Ù. ±×·¯¸é Á×Àº »õÀÇ ºÎÀ°(ݯë¿)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÑ ¸¶¸®ÀÇ ¹ú·¹°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ ¹ú·¹´Â Å©°Ô ¼ºÀåÇÏ¿© »õ·Î º¯ÇüÇÑ´Ù. Çì·ÎµµÅ佺µµ ÀÌ »õ¿¡ °üÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¹¦»çÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
<³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» Á÷Á¢ º» ÀÏÀº ¾ø°í, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸²¿¡¼ º¸¾ÒÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¿ì¸ð(éÚÙ¾)ÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀº ±ÝºûÀ̰í, ÀϺκÐÀº ÁøÈ«»öÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× ¸ð¾ç°ú Å©±â°¡ ¼ö¸®¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù.>
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The first writer who disclaimed a belief in the
existence of the Phoenix was Sir Thomas Browne, in his
"Vulgar
Errors" (Pseudodoxia
Epidemica), published in 1646. He was replied to a
few years later by Alexander Ross, who says, in answer to
the objection of the Phoenix so seldom making his
appearance, "His instinct teaches him to keep out of
the way of the tyrant of the creation, man, for if he were
to be got at, some wealthy glutton would surely devour
him, though there were no more in the world."
[see source: Thomas
Browne's Pseudodoxia
Epidemica - Bk. 3, Ch. 12: "Of the Phoenix"]
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ÀÌ Æ÷À̴нºÀÇ Á¸À縦 ÃÖÃÊ·Î ºÎÀÎÇÑ ÀúÀÚ´Â Åä¸Ó½º ºê¶ó¿î °æÀ¸·Î¼, 1640³â¿¡ ÃâÆÇÇÑ <¹Ì½Å·Ð>À̶õ Àú¼¿¡¼ ÀÌ¿¡ ¾ð±ÞÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î ³â ÈÄ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾Ë·º»ê´õ ·Î½º°¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ´äº¯Çß´Ù.
<Æ÷À̴нº´Â ±×ÀÇ º»´ÉÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç âÁ¶¹° Áß¿¡¼ Æø±ºÀÎ Àΰ£Àº ÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¸¸¾à¿¡ ÀâÈ÷±â¸¸ Çϸé, ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ Å½½Ä°¡´Â ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ´õ ¾øÀÌ ¸ÀÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌÀÖÀ»Áö¶óµµ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌ »õ¸¦ Àâ¾Æ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.>
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Dryden
in one of his early poems has this allusion to the
Phoenix:
¡¡
"So when the new-born Phoenix first is seen
Her feathered subjects all adore their queen,
And while she makes her progress through the East,
From every grove her numerous train 's increased;
Each poet of the air her glory sings,
And round him the pleased audience clap their
wings."
Milton,
in "Paradise
Lost," Book V., compares the angel Raphael
descending to earth to a Phoenix:
"...Down thither, prone in flight
He speeds, and through the vast ethereal sky
Sails between worlds and worlds, with steady wing,
Now on the polar winds, then with quick fan
Winnows the buxom air; till within soar
Of towering eagles, to all the fowls he seems
A Phoenix, gazed by all; as that sole bird
When, to enshrine his relics in the sun's
Bright temple, to Egyptian Thebes he flies."
[see also: Phoenix
- illumination by Bartholomaeus Anglicus]
[see also: Bestiary
translation: folio 55r - Of the Phoenix]
[see also: Aberdeen
Bestiary translation: folio 55v - Of the Phoenix (cont.)]
[see also: Aberdeen
Bestiary translation: folio 56r - Of the Phoenix (cont.)]
[see also: Aberdeen
Bestiary translation: folio 56v - Of the Phoenix (cont.)]
[see also: Phoenix
on Eliki]
[see also: The
Phoenix Page]
¡¡
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¡¡
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THE COCKATRICE, OR BASILISK
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ÎÖÞï ¹Ù½Ç¸®Äí½º
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This animal was called the king of the serpents. In
confirmation of his royalty, he was said to be endowed
with a crest, or comb upon the head, constituting a crown.
He was supposed to be produced from the egg of a cock
hatched under toads or serpents. There were several
species of this animal. One species burned up whatever
they approached; a second were a kind of wandering Medusa's
heads, and their look caused an instant horror which was
immediately followed by death. In Shakespeare's play of
"Richard
the Third," Lady Anne, in answer to Richard's
compliment on her eyes, says "Would they were
basilisk's, to strike thee dead!" * |
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ÀÌ µ¿¹°Àº ¹ìÀÇ ¿ÕÀ̶ó°í ÀÏÄþîÁ³´Ù. ¿ÕÀÌ Áõ°Å·Î¼, ¸Ó¸®¿¡ º²ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ¿Õ°üÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÀüÇØÁø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¼öżÀÇ ¾ËÀÌ µÎ²¨ºñ ȤÀ¸ ¹ì¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ºÎÈµÇ¾î »ý¼ºµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ µ¿¹°¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
±×Áß ¾î¶² Á¾·ù´Â °¡±îÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ºÒÅ¿ö ¹ö·È´Ù. ¶Ç ¾î¶² Á¾·ù´Â ÀÏÁ¶ÀÇ µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â ¸ÞµÎ»çÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ã³·³ ±× ¸ð½ÀÀ» º» »ç¶÷µéÀº °©Àڱ⠰øÆ÷Áõ¿¡ °É·Á ¹Ù·Î Á×¾î ¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
¼ÎÀͽºÇǾîÀÇ <¸®Ã³µå 3¼¼> °¡¿îµ¥¼ ¾ØÀº ÀÚ±âÀÇ ´«À» ĪÂùÇÏ´Â ¸®Ã³µåÀÇ ¾ÆÃ·¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
"ÀÌ ´«ÀÌ ¹Ù½Ç¸®Äí½ºÀÇ ´«À̶ó¸é ´ç½ÅÀ» ´çÀå Á׿©¹ö¸±ÅÙµ¥." |
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[see source: Richard
III - Act 1, Scene 2]
*Webmaster's note: see also: Cymbeline
- Act 2, Scene 4 (Posthumus Leonatus: "It is a
basilisk unto mine eye, Kills me to look on't.")
*Webmaster's note: see also how
Shakespeare at the end of Henry
VI - Part 3, Act 3, Scene 2 has Gloucester
describe his vaulting ambitions with allusions to three
mythological creatures:
¡¡
I'll drown more sailors than the mermaid shall;
I'll slay more gazers than the basilisk;
I'll play the orator as well as Nestor,
Deceive more slily than Ulysses could,
And, like a Sinon, take another Troy.
I can add colours to the chameleon,
Change shapes with Proteus for advantages,
And set the murderous Machiavel to school.
Can I do this, and cannot get a crown?
Tut, were it farther off, I'll pluck it down.
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¡¡
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The basilisks
were called kings of serpents because all other serpents
and snakes, behaving like good subjects, and wisely not
wishing to be burned up or struck dead, fled the moment
they heard the distant hiss of their king, although they
might be in full feed upon the most delicious prey,
leaving the sole enjoyment of the banquet to the royal
monster.
The Roman naturalist Pliny
thus describes him. "He does not impel his body, like
other serpents, by a multiplied flexion, but advances
lofty and upright. He kills the shrubs, not only by
contact, but by breathing on them, and splits the rocks,
such power of evil is there in him." It was formerly
believed that if killed by a spear from on horseback the
power of the poison conducted through the weapon killed
not only the rider, but the horse also.
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ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÄí½º°¡ ¹ìÀÇ ¿ÕÀ̶ó´Â ȣĪÀ» µè°Ô µÈ µ¥´Â ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¹ìµéÀÌ Å¸ Áװųª Ä¡¸íÀûÀΠŸ°ÝÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í ±×µéÀÇ ¿ÕÀÌ ½´¿ô½´¿ô ÇÏ¸ç ¿À´À ¼Ò¸®°¡ ¸Ö¸®¼ µé·Á¿À±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é ¾Æ¹«¸® ³ëȹ¹°À» ޽ÄÇÏ´Ù°¡µµ ÂøÇÑ ½ÅÇÏó·³ ±×°ÍÀ» ¿Õ¿¡°Ô ¾çº¸ÇÏ°í ´Þ¾Æ³ª±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.
·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ ¿¬±¸°¡ Çø®´Ï¿ì½º´Â ¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÄí½º¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼¼úÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ù½Ç¸®Äí½º´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹ìµé°ú °°ÀÌ ¸öÀ» ²ÞƲ°Å¸®¸é¼ ±â¾î°¡Áö ¾Ê°í, Ç×»ó ÀÇÁ£ÇÏ°Ô ¶È¹Ù·Î ¼¼ ³ª¾Æ°£´Ù. °ü¸ñÀ» ´ÜÁö Á¢ÃË¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Á×ÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼ûÀ» ³»½¬¸é¼µµ Á×ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¹ÙÀ§±îÁöµµ Âɰµ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ Èä¾ÇÇÑ ÈûÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ³»ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù."
¿¾³¯¿¡´Â ¸» ź »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ã¢À¸·Î ÀÌ ¹Ù½Ç¸®Äí½º¸¦ Á×À̸é, ±× ü³»ÀÇ µ¶±â°¡ â¿¡ Àü´ÞµÇ¾î ¸» ź »ç¶÷À» Á×ÀÌ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¸»±îÁöµµ Á×ÀÎ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù.
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To this Lucan
alludes in these lines:
¡¡
"What though the Moor the basilisk hath slain,
And pinned him lifeless to the sandy plain,
Up through the spear the subtle venom flies,
The hand imbibes it, and the victor dies." *
* Webmaster's note: see Ridley
translation of Lucan's
Pharsalia, Book IX ("Cato"), lines 968
(source of above quote) and 850.
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¡¡
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Such a prodigy was not likely to be passed over in the legends
of the saints. Accordingly we find it recorded that a
certain holy man, going to a fountain in the desert,
suddenly beheld a basilisk. He immediately raised his eyes
to heaven, and with a pious appeal to the Deity laid the
monster dead at his feet.
These wonderful powers of the basilisk are attested by
a host of learned persons, such as Galen,
Avicenna,
Scaliger,
and others. Occasionally one would demur to some part of
the tale while he admitted the rest. Jonston, a learned
physician, sagely remarks, "I would scarcely believe
that it kills with its look, for who could have seen it
and lived to tell the story?" The worthy sage was not
aware that those who went to hunt the basilisk of this
sort took with them a mirror, which reflected back the
deadly glare upon its author, and by a kind of poetical
justice slew the basilisk with his own weapon.
But what was to attack this terrible and unapproachable
monster? There is an old saying that "everything has
its enemy"- and the cockatrice quailed before the
weasel. The basilisk might look daggers, the weasel cared
not, but advanced boldly to the conflict. When bitten, the
weasel retired for a moment to eat some rue, which was the
only plant the basilisks could not wither, returned with
renewed strength and soundness to the charge, and never
left the enemy till he was stretched dead on the plain.
The monster, too, as if conscious of the irregular way in
which he came into the world, was supposed to have a great
antipathy to a cock; and well he might, for as soon as he
heard the cock crow he expired.
The basilisk was of some use after death. Thus we read
that its carcass was suspended in the temple of Apollo,
and in private houses, as a sovereign remedy against
spiders, and that it was also hung up in the temple of
Diana, for which reason no swallow ever dared enter the
sacred place.
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ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ±«¹°ÀÌ ¼ºÀÚµéÀÇ Àü¼³ °¡¿îµ¥ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¸® ¾øÀ¸´Ï ¿ª½Ã ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ±â·ÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Áï, ¾î¶² ¼ºÀÚ°¡ »ç¸·¿¡¼ »ù¹°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷À» ÇâÇÏ¿© °É¾î°¡°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, °©Àڱ⠹ٽǸ®Äí½º°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ±×´Â °ð ÇÏ´ÃÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸¸ç, ½Å¿¡°Ô °æ°ÇÇÑ ±âµµ¸¦ ¿Ã·Á ±× ±«¹°À» ÀÚ±â ¹ß ¹Ø¿¡ ¾²·¯µå·È´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
¹Ù½Ç¸®Äí½º°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹«¼¿î ÈûÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº °¥·¹³ë½º, ¾ÆºñÄ˳ª, ½ºÄ®¸®Á¦¸£³ª ±×¹ÛÀÇ ÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÔÁõµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶§·Î´Â ÀÌ ±«¹°ÀÇ À̾߱âÀÇ ÀϺδ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀϺδ ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á´Â »ç¶÷µµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ÚÇÐÇÑ ÀÇ»ç Á¸½ºÅæÀº Çö¸íÇϰԵµ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
"³ª´Â ¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÄí½º¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸±â¸¸ ÇØµµ Á״´ٴ ¸»À» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ» º¸°íµµ Á×Áö ¾Ê°í »ì¾Æ¼ ±× À̾߱⸦ ÀüÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ´ëü ´©±¸Àΰ¡?"
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ Á¸°æÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ÇöÀÎÀº, ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹Ù½Ç¸®Äí½º¸¦ ÀâÀ¸·Î °¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °Å¿ïÀ» °¡Áö°í °¬´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸ô¶ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °Å¿ïÀº ¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÄí½ºÀÇ ¸ö¿¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â ¹«¼¿î ±× Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ ¾È±¤À» ±× ¹ß»çÀÚ Àڽſ¡°Ô ¹Ý»ç½ÃÄÑ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ Àΰú ÀÀº¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×¸¦ ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹«±â·Î »ìÀ°ÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¹«¼¿î , Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±«¹°µµ ±×¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸´Ï-°í¾î(ͯåÞ)¿¡ <¸ðµç °ÍÀº ±× ÀûÀ» °¡Áø´Ù.> °í ÇÑ ¸»ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù-Áï, ¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÄí½ºµµ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¹«¼¿î ´«À¸·Î ³ë·Áº¸¾Æµµ Á·Á¦ºñ´Â Á¶±Ýµµ °³ÀÇÄ¡ ¾Ê°í ´ë´ãÇÏ°Ô ´Þ·Áµé¾î ½Î¿î´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹°¸®¸é Á·Á¦ºñ´Â Àá±ñ µ¿¾È ¿îÇâÀ̶ó´Â ¾àÃÊ-À̰ÍÀº ¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÄí½º°¡ ¸»·Á Á×ÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½Ä¹°À̾ú´Ù-¸¦ ¸Ô±â À§ÇØ ¹°·¯³´Ù. ¿ø±â¸¦ ȸº¹ÇÑ ÈÄ, ´Ù½Ã °ø°ÝÀ» °³½ÃÇÏ¿© ÀûÀÌ µéÆÇ¿¡ Á×¾î ³Ñ¾îÁö±â±îÁö °ø°ÝÀ» ¸ØÃßÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ ±«¹°Àº ¶Ç ÀڱⰡ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÅÂ¾î³ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´øÁö ¼öż¿¡°Ô ´ë´ÜÇÑ ¹Ý°¨À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °Å½Â·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±× ±«¹°Àº ¼öżÀÌ ¿ì´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ µéÀ¸¸é °ð Á×¾î ¹ö·È±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÄí½º´Â »çÈÄ¿¡ ¾à°£ÀÇ ¿ëµµ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¾ê±â¸¦ ÀÐÀº ÀÏÀÌ Àִµ¥, ¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÄí½ºÀÇ ½Ãü´Â ¿¾³¯¿¡ ¾ÆÆú·Ð ½ÅÀüÀ̳ª ¿©¿°Áý¿¡¼ °Å¹Ì¸¦ ¹æºñÇϱâ À§ÇØ °É¾î µÎ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Æ¸£Å׹̽º ½ÅÀü¿¡µµ °É¾î µÎ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±× ´öºÐ¿¡ Á¦ºñµµ ÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÑ Àå¼Ò·Î µé¾î°¡´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
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The reader will, we apprehend, by this time have had
enough of absurdities, but still we can imagine his
anxiety to know what a cockatrice was like. The following
is from Aldrovandus,
a celebrated naturalist of the sixteenth century, whose
work on natural history, in thirteen folio volumes,
contains with much that is valuable a large proportion of
fables and inutilities. In particular he is so ample on
the subject of the cock and the bull that from his
practice, all rambling, gossiping tales of doubtful
credibility are called cock and bull stories.
[see also: Easton's Bible Dictionary
entries for "cockatrice"
and "basilisk"
and "adder"]
Shelley,
in his "Ode to Naples," full of the enthusiasm
excited by the intelligence of the proclamation of a
Constitutional Government at Naples, in 1820, thus uses an
allusion to the basilisk:
¡¡
"What though Cimmerian anarchs dare blaspheme
Freedom and thee? a new Actaeon's error
Shall theirs have been,- devoured by their own hounds!
Be thou like the imperial basilisk,
Killing thy foe with unapparent wounds!
Gaze on oppression, till at that dread risk,
Aghast she pass from the earth's disk.
Fear not, but gaze,- for freemen mightier grow,
And slaves more feeble, gazing on their foe."
[see also: Thomas
Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica - Bk. 3, Ch. 7:
"Of the Basilisk"]
[see also: Aberdeen
Bestiary translation: folio 66r - Of the Basilisk]
[see also: Aberdeen
Bestiary translation: folio 66v - Of the Basilisk (cont.)]
[see also: The
Basilisk and Rattlesnake - A European Monster Comes to
America]
¡¡
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¡¡
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THE UNICORN
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À¯´ÏÄÜ[ìéÊÇâ®]
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Pliny,
the Roman naturalist, out of whose account of the unicorn
most of the modern unicorns have been described and
figured, records it as "a very ferocious beast,
similar in the rest of its body to a horse, with the head
of a deer, the feet of an elephant, the tail of a boar, a
deep, bellowing voice, and a single black horn, two cubits
in length, standing out in the middle of its
forehead." He adds that "it cannot be taken
alive"; and some such excuse may have been necessary
in those days for not producing the living animal upon the
arena of the amphitheatre. |
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·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ÇÐÀÚ Çø®´Ï¿ì½ºÀÇ Àϰ¢¼ö[¸ð³ëÄÉ·Î]¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº ±Ù¼¼ÀÇ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç Àϰ¢¼ö¸¦ ¹¦»çÇϴµ¥ ±Ù¿øÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ±â·Ï¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, <Àϰ¢¼ö´Â ´ë´ÜÈ÷ »ç³ª¿î Áü½ÂÀ¸·Î¼ ¸ö¶×ÀÌ´Â ¸»°ú ºñ½ÁÇϰí, ¸Ó¸®´Â »ç½¿, ¹ßÀº ÄÚ³¢¸®, ²¿¸®´Â »êµÅÁö, ¼Ò¸®´Â Ȳ¼Ò °°Àº ¿ïÀ½¼Ò¸®·Î, ÇÑ °³ÀÇ °ËÀº »ÔÀ» °¡Áö°í Àִµ¥, ÀÌ »ÔÀº ±æÀ̰¡ 2Å¥ºøÀ¸·Î À̸¶ ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥ ³ª ÀÖ´Ù.>°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ¶Ç <±×°ÍÀº »ç·ÎÀâÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.>°í ºÎ¾ðÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ »ê µ¿¹°À» ¿øÇü±ØÀåÀÇ Åõ±âÀå¿¡ µîÀå½ÃŰÁö ¸øÇÑ µ¥ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î, ±× ´ç½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº º¯¸íÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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The unicorn seems to have been a sad puzzle to the
hunters, who hardly knew how to come at so valuable a
piece of game. Some described the horn as movable at the
will of the animal, a kind of small sword, in short, with
which no hunter who was not exceedingly cunning in fence
could have a chance. Others maintained that all the
animal's strength lay in its horn, and that when hard
pressed in pursuit, it would throw itself from the
pinnacle of the highest rocks horn foremost, so as to
pitch upon it, and then quietly march off not a whit the
worse for its fall.
But it seems they found out how to circumvent the poor
unicorn at last. They discovered that it was a great lover
of purity and innocence, so they took the field with a
young virgin, who was placed in the unsuspecting admirer's
way. When the unicorn spied her, he approached with all
reverence, crouched beside her, and laying his head in her
lap, fell asleep. The treacherous virgin then gave a
signal, and the hunters made in and captured the simple
beast.
[see also: John
Baptista Porta's Natural Magick - Book 15, Chapter
7: "How Animals are congregated by sweet
smells." ]
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¼ö·Æ°¡µéÀº ÀÌ Àϰ¢¼ö¸¦ Àâ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¸ô¶ó °ñÄ¡¸¦ ¾Î°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¸ð¾çÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº Àϰ¢¼öÀÇ »ÔÀº ¸¶À½´ë·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ÀÛÀº Ä®ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â ±â·ÏÀ» ³²°Ü ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¡¼ °Ë¼ú¿¡ ³ë·ÃÇÑ »ç³É²ÛÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÀÌ±æ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé ¸»¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé Àϰ¢¼ö´Â ¸ðµç ÈûÀÌ ±× »Ô ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Ãß°ÝÀ» ÇÏ´Ù ¾î¿ µµ¸®°¡ ¾ø°Ô µÇ¸é ³ôÀº ¹ÙÀ§ À§¿¡¼ »ÔÀ» ¹ØÀ¸·Î ÇâÇÑ Ã¤ ¹ØÀ¸·Î ¶³¾îÁ® ¾Æ¹« »óóµµ ÀÔÁö ¾Ê°í Å¿¬È÷ ´Þ¾Æ³´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡¡
±×·¯³ª ¸¶Ä§³» ¼ö·Æ°¡µéµµ ÀÌ Àϰ¢¼ö¸¦ Àâ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÑ °Í °°´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÌ µ¿¹°ÀÌ ¼ø°áÇÏ°í ¼ø¼öÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸÷½Ã »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϰí ÇÑ ÀþÀº ó³à¸¦ µ¥¸®°í µé·Î ³ª°¡ ±×³à¸¦ ´õ ¾ø´Â ¼ø°áÀÇ Å½¹ÌÀÚÀÎ Àϰ¢¼ö°¡ Áö³ª°¡´Â ±æ¸ñ¿¡ ¾ÉÈù´Ù. Àϰ¢¼ö´Â ±×³à ¿·¿¡ ±¸ºÎ¸®°í ¾É¾Æ ±×³àÀÇ ¹«¸ À§¿¡ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¾ñ°í ÀáÀÌ µç´Ù. ó³à´Â ¹Ì¸® Â¥³õ¾Ò´ø ´ë·Î ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ¼ö·Æ°¡µéÀº ´Þ·Á¿Í¼ ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÇÑ Áü½ÂÀ» »ç·ÎÀâ´Â´Ù.
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Modern zoologists, disgusted as they well may be with
such fables as these, disbelieved generally the existence
of the unicorn. Yet there are animals bearing on their
heads a bony protuberance more or less like a horn, which
may have given rise to the story. The rhinoceros horn, as
it is called, is such a protuberance, though it does not
exceed a few inches in height, and is far from agreeing
with the descriptions of the horn of the unicorn. The
nearest approach to a horn in the middle of the forehead
is exhibited in the bony protuberance on the forehead of
the giraffe; but this also is short and blunt, and is not
the only horn of the animal, but a third horn, standing in
front of the two others. In fine, though it would be
presumptuous to deny the existence of a one-horned
quadruped other than the rhinoceros, it may be safely
stated that the insertion of a long and solid horn in the
living forehead of a horse-like or deer-like animal is as
near an impossibility as anything can be.
[see also: The
Unicorn Page - French/English]
[see also: The
European Unicorn]
[see also: Unicorns
on Eliki]
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±Ù´ëÀÇ µ¿¹°ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Àü¼³¿¡ ½ÈÁõÀÌ ³ ±î´ßÀÎÁö ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Àϰ¢¼öÀÇ Á¸À縦 ºÎÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ´Ù¼Ò »Ô°ú °°Àº °ñÁúÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ³ µ¿¹°µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº À̾߱Ⱑ ³ª¿ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÄÚ»Ô¼ÒÀÇ »ÔÀ̶ó°í ÀÏÄ´ °ÍÀº ºñ·Ï ±æÀÌ´Â ¸î ÀÎÄ¡¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ°í ±â·ÏÀ¸·Î ÀüÇØ¿À´Â Àϰ¢¼öÀÇ »Ô°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ±×¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ À¶±âÀÎ °ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. À̸¶ÀÇ ÇѰ¡¿îµ¥ ÀÖ´Â »Ô°ú °¡Àå ºñ½ÁÇÑ °ÍÀº ±â¸°ÀÇ À̸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ñÁúÀÇ À¶±âÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã ±æÀ̰¡ ª°í ³¡ÀÌ ¹«µô »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×°ÍÀº ±â¸°ÀÇ ´Ü Çϳª»ÓÀÎ »ÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ´Ù¸¥ µÎ°³ÀÇ »Ô ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Â°¹ø »ÔÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿äÄÁ´ë, ÄÚ»Ô¼Ò ¿ÜÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Àϰ¢¼öÀÇ Á¸À縦 ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Áö³ªÄ£ ÀÏÀÏÁö¶óµµ, ¸»À̳ª »ç½¿°ú °°Àº µ¿¹°ÀÇ À̸¶¿¡ ±æ°í °ß°íÇÑ »ÔÀ» ½É¾î ³õ´Â ÀÏÀº °ÅÀÇ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÏÀ̶ó°í ÇØµµ ¹«¹æÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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THE SALAMANDER
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»ì¶ó¸¸µå¶ó[ûýÞï]
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The following is from the "Life of Benvenuto
Cellini," an Italian artist of the sixteenth century,
written by himself: "When I was about five years of
age, my father, happening to be in a little room in which
they had been washing, and where there was a good fire of
oak burning, looked into the flames and saw a little
animal resembling a lizard, which could live in the
hottest part of that element. Instantly perceiving what it
was, he called for my sister and me, and after he had
shown us the creature, he gave me a box on the ear. I fell
a-crying, while he, soothing me with caresses, spoke these
words: 'My dear child, I do not give you that blow for any
fault you have committed, but that you may recollect that
the little creature you see in the fire is a salamander;
such a one as never was beheld before to my knowledge.' So
saying he embraced me, and gave me some money."
[see also: Benvenuto
Cellini - Malaspina "Great Books" reference]
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´ÙÀ½ À̾߱â´Â 16¼¼±â ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ Á¶°¢°¡ º¥º£´©Åä ÿ¸®´Ï ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾´ <º¥º£´©Åä ÿ¸®´ÏÀÇ »ý¾Ö>¿¡¼ ÀοëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
<³»°¡ ´Ù¼¸ »ìÂë µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼¼Å¹À» Çϰí ÀÖ´Â Á¶±×¸¸ ¹æ¿¡ ³ªÀÇ ºÎÄ£ÀÌ ¿ì¿¬È÷ µé¾î¿À¼Ì´Ù. ±× ¹æ¿¡´Â Âü³ª¹« ÀåÀÛºÒÀÌ ±âºÐÁÁ°Ô Ÿ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ºÎÄ£Àº ±× ºÒ²ÉÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸½Ã´Ù°¡ µµ¸¶¹ì ºñ½ÁÇÑ Á¶±×¸¸ µ¿¹°À» º¸¼Ì´Ù. ÀÌ µ¿¹°Àº ½Ã»¹°Ó°Ô Ÿ¿À¸£´Â ºÒ ¼Ó¿¡¼µµ »ì ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ºÎÄ£Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¸¦ ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®°í ´©À̵¿»ý°ú ³ª¸¦ ºÒ·¶´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô ±× µ¿¹°À» º¸ÀÎ ´ÙÀ½ °©Àڱ⠺ÎÄ£Àº ³ªÀÇ µû±Í¸¦ Ä¡¼Ì´Ù. ³ª´Â ¿ï±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ºÎÄ£Àº ³ª¸¦ ²¸¾È°í ´Þ·¡¸é¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»¾¸Çϼ̴Ù. <³×°¡ ³Ê¸¦ ¶§¸° °ÍÀº ³×°Ô À߸øÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ À־¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Àú ºÒ ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¶±×¸¸ µ¿¹°ÀÌ »ì¶ó¸¸µå¶ó¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» »ó±â½Ã۱â À§ÇؼÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µ¿¹°Àº ³»°¡ ¾Æ´Â ÇÑ¿¡ À־ ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö »ç¶÷ÀÇ ´«¿¡ ¶è ÀÏÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.> ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸é¼ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ³ª¸¦ Æ÷¿ËÇÏ°í µ·À» Á̴ּÙ.>
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It seems unreasonable to doubt a story of which Signor
Cellini was both an eye and ear witness. Add to which the
authority of numerous sage philosophers, at the head of
whom are Aristotle
and Pliny,
affirms this power of the salamander. According to them,
the animal not only resists fire, but extinguishes it, and
when he sees the flame charges it as an enemy which he
well knows how to vanquish.
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ÀÌ À̾߱â´Â ÿ¸®´Ï °æÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ¸ñ°ÝÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ̹ǷΠÀ̸¦ ÀǽÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÎ´çÇÒ °Í °°´Ù. ±×¹Û¿¡ ¸¹Àº ±ÇÀ§Àִ öÇÐÀÚµé-Çʵδ ¾Æ¸®½ºÅäÅÚ·¹½º¿Í Çø®´Ï¿ì½ºÀÌ´Ù-ÀÌ »ì¶ó¸¸µå¶óÀÇ ÀÌ À§·ÂÀ» ±àÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µé¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ÀÌ µ¿¹°Àº ºÒ¿¡ °ßµô ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºÒÀ» ²ø ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ºÒ²ÉÀ» º¸¸é ¸¶Ä¡ Á¤º¹ÇÒ ¹æ¹ýÀ» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Àûó·³ ±× ºÒ²ÉÀ» ÇâÇØ¼ µ¹°ÝÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
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That the skin of an animal which could resist the
action of fire should be considered proof against that
element is not to be wondered at. We accordingly find that
a cloth made of the skin of salamanders (for there really
is such an animal, a kind of lizard) was incombustible,
and very valuable, for wrapping up such articles as were
too precious to be intrusted to any other envelopes. These
fire-proof cloths were actually produced, said to be made
of salamander's wool, though the knowing ones detected
that the substance of which they were composed was
asbestos, a mineral, which is in fine filaments capable of
being woven into a flexible cloth.
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ºÒÀÇ ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿¹°ÀÇ °¡Á×À» ¹æÈ¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ »ì¶ó¸¸µå¶ó(±×·± µ¿¹°Àº »ç½Ç Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ µµ¸¶¹ìÀÌ´Ù.)ÀÇ °¡Á×À¸·Î ¸¸µç Á÷¹°Àº ºÒ¿¡ ŸÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î ½Î¼´Â ¾È½ÉÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±ÍÁßÇÑ ¹°°ÇÀ» ½Î´Â µ¥ ¾ÆÁÖ ÀûÇÕÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æÈ¿ë Á÷¹°Àº ½ÇÁ¦·Î »ý»êµÇ¾ú°í »ì¶ó¸¸µå¶óÀÇ °¡Á×À¸·Î ¸¸µç´Ù´À ¸»ÀÌ ÀüÇØÁ³À¸³ª Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ±× Àç·á°¡ ¼®¸éÀÓÀ» °£ÆÄÇß´Ù. ¼®¸éÀº °í¿î ½Ç ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¼ ºÎµå·¯¿î Á÷¹°ÀÇ Àç·á°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¤¹°ÀÌ´Ù.
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The foundation of the above fables is supposed to be
the fact that the salamander really does secrete from the
pores of his body a milky juice, which when he is
irritated is produced in considerable quantity, and would
doubtless, for a few moments, defend the body from fire.
Then it is a hibernating animal, and in winter retires to
some hollow tree or other cavity, where it coils itself up
and remains in a torpid state till the spring again calls
it forth. It may therefore sometimes be carried with the
fuel to the fire, and wake up only time enough to put
forth all its faculties for its defence. Its viscous juice
would do good service, and all who profess to have seen
it, acknowledge that it got out of the fire as fast as its
legs could carry it; indeed, too fast for them ever to
make prize of one, except in one instance, and in that one
the animal's feet and some parts of its body were badly
burned.
[see also: Thomas
Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica - Bk. 3, Ch. 14:
"Of the Salamander"]
[see also: The
Salamander Page]
Dr.
Young, in the "Night
Thoughts," with more quaintness than good taste,
compares the sceptic who can remain unmoved in the
contemplation of the starry heavens to a salamander
unwarmed in the fire:
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"An undevout astronomer is mad!
...............................................
"O, what a genius must inform the skies!
And is Lorenzo's salamander-heart
Cold and untouched amid these sacred fires?"
[see also: Pliny
the Elder, The Natural History - Latin]
[see also: The
Aberdeen Bestiary Project]
[see also: The
Bestiary]
[see also: Medieval
Bestiaries and the Birth of Zoology, by Aura
Beckh?er-Fialho]
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On to Chapter XXXVII |
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¡¡THOMAS BULFINCH
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