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(Adventures of
Ulysses) |

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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch
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CHAPTER XXIX
ADVENTURES OF ULYSSES
THE LOTUS-EATERS
CYCLOPES - CIRCE - SIRENS
SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS - CALYPSO
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ͽ ͽ
Ŭӽ- Ű - ̷
ī-Į
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RETURN OF ULYSSES
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ý ȯ |
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THE romantic poem of the Odyssey
is now to engage our attention. It narrates the wanderings
of Ulysses
(Odysseus
in the Greek language) in his return from Troy
to his own kingdom Ithaca.
[see also: The
Odyssey Project - Ithaka]
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ʹ <̾> ð 츮 Ǹ ȴ. ô 콺 Ʈ̾Ʒκ Ÿɷ ȯϴ ߿ ̴. |
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From Troy the vessels first made land at Ismarus,
city of the Ciconians,
where, in a skirmish with the inhabitants, Ulysses lost
six men from each ship. Sailing thence, they were
overtaken by a storm which drove them for nine days along
the sea till they reached the country of the Lotus-eaters.
Here, after watering, Ulysses sent three of his men to
discover who the inhabitants were. These men on coming
among the Lotus-eaters were kindly entertained by them,
and were given some of their own food, the lotus-plant, to
eat. The effect of this food was such that those who
partook of it lost all thoughts of home and wished to
remain in that country. It was by main force that Ulysses
dragged these men away, and he was even obliged to tie
them under the benches of his ships.
[Ciconians
(Cicones)]
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Ulysses among the Lotus-eaters]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book IX]
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Ʈ̾Ƹ ó ̽ν Ű ִ ױ ÿ
Ͽ. װͿ ֹε 浹 Ͼ, 콺 迡 ϸ Ҿ. װ dz츦 9 ػ ǥ İ ߴ. ̰ ļ 콺 ϸ װ ִ ߴ. İ , ģϰ ¾ ָ, ڱ ķ Ҵ. ذ ְ Ͱ ϴ ϰ ־. Ƿ 콺 ϰ ͼ ġ ؿ ξ. |
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Tennyson
in the "Lotos-eaters,"
has charmingly expressed the dreamy languid feeling which
the lotus food is said to have produced.
"How sweet it were, hearing the downward stream
With half-shut eyes ever to seem
Falling asleep in a half-dream!
To dream and dream, like yonder amber light
Which will not leave the myrrh-bush on the height;
To hear each other's whispered speech;
Eating the Lotos, day by day,
To watch the crisping ripples on the beach,
And tender curving lines of creamy spray:
To lend our hearts and spirits wholly
To the influence of mild-minded melancholy;
To muse and brood and live again in memory,
With those old faces of our infancy
Heaped over with a mound of grass,
Two handfuls of white dust, shut in an urn of
brass."
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They next arrived at the country of
the Cyclopses.
The Cyclopses were giants, who inhabited an island of
which they were the only possessors. The name means
"round eye," and these giants were so called
because they had but one eye, and that placed in the
middle of the forehead. They dwelt in caves and fed on the
wild productions of the island and on what their flocks
yielded, for they were shepherds. Ulysses left the main
body of his ships at anchor, and with one vessel went to
the Cyclopses' island to explore for supplies. He landed
with his companions, carrying with them a jar of wine for
a present, and coming to a large cave they entered it, and
finding no one within examined its contents. They found it
stored with the richest of the flock, quantities of
cheese, pails and bowls of milk, lambs and kids in their
pens, all in nice order. Presently arrived the master of
the cave, Polyphemus, bearing an immense bundle of
firewood, which he threw down before the cavern's mouth.
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ŰŬӽ ߴ. ŰŬӽ μ ε鸸 ־. ŰŬӽ <ձ >̶ ǹε, ε θ ϳۿ ʾҰ װ ̸ ߾ӿ ġ ־ ̴. ӿ Ұ, Ĺ ø Ҵ. ֳϸ ġ⿴ ̴.
콺 ַ δ븦 迡 ܳ, ڽ ô 踦 Ÿ ķ Ϸ ŰŬӽ . ״ 鿡 Ϸ ϵ Ŵ ߴ.
Ͽ ƹ ߰ Ƿ ֳ ϰ 캸Ҵ.
캸 ӿ 綼 ġ ֹ߰ 츮ӿ ִ ϰ ־. ־ ū ƿ װ Ա Ҵ. |
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He then drove into the cave the sheep and goats to be
milked, and, entering, rolled to the cave's mouth an
enormous rock, that twenty oxen could not draw. Next he
sat down and milked his ewes, preparing a part for cheese,
and setting the rest aside for his customary drink. Then,
turning round his great eye, he discerned the strangers,
and growled out to them, demanding who they were, and
where from. Ulysses replied most humbly, stating that they
were Greeks, from the great expedition that had lately won
so much glory in the conquest of Troy; that they were now
on their way home, and finished by imploring his
hospitality in the name of the gods. |
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״ ¥ Ҹ Ƴְ, Ȳ ε ū Ա ɾƼ ®. Ϻκ ġ Ͽ ϰ Ļ Ա Ͽ ״ ξ.
ձ ѷ ū Ҹ Դİ . 콺 µ ڱ ε, ֱ Ʈ̾Ƹ Ͽ κ ͱϴ ̶ ϰ Ĵ ֱ⸦ ûߴ. |
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Polyphemus deigned no
answer, but reaching out his hand seized two of the
Greeks, whom he hurled against the side of the cave, and
dashed out their brains. He proceeded to devour them with
great relish, and having made a hearty meal, stretched
himself out on the floor to sleep. Ulysses was tempted to
seize the opportunity and plunge his sword into him as be
slept, but recollected that it would only expose them all
to certain destruction, as the rock with which the giant
had closed up the door was far beyond their power to
remove, and they would therefore be in hopeless
imprisonment. Next morning the giant seized two more of
the Greeks, and despatched them in the same manner as
their companions, feasting on their flesh till no fragment
was left. He then moved away the rock from the door, drove
out his flocks, and went out, carefully replacing the
barrier after him. When he was gone Ulysses planned how he
might take vengeance for his murdered friends, and effect
his escape with his surviving companions. He made his men
prepare a massive bar of wood cut by the Cyclops for a
staff, which they found in the cave. They sharpened the
end of it, and seasoned it in the fire, and hid it under
the straw on the cavern floor. Then four of the boldest
were selected, with whom Ulysses joined himself as a
fifth. The Cyclops came home at evening, rolled away the
stone and drove in his flock as usual. After milking them
and making his arrangements as before, he seized two more
of Ulysses' companions and dashed their brains out, and
made his evening meal upon them as he had on the others.
After he had supped, Ulysses approaching him handed him a
bowl of wine, saying, "Cyclops, this is wine; taste
and drink after thy meal of men's flesh." He took and
drank it, and was hugely delighted with it, and called for
more. Ulysses supplied him once again, which pleased the
giant so much that he promised him as a favour that he
should be the last of the party devoured. He asked his
name, to which Ulysses replied, "My name is
Noman." |
ƹ 䵵 ʰ о 콺 Ͽ ڻ쳪 Ͽ. ״ Ҹ ٴڿ .
콺 ȸ ġ ʰ װ ڰ ִ ȿ Į ϸ ʷϴ Ǹ ߴ. ֳϸ Ա δ ӿ ְ ϴ ʷϰ ̾.
ħ 鿡 ó Ͽ 쵵 ʰ Ծ ġ. Ա ִ 綼 . ٽ Ա Ҵ.
װ 콺 ǻ ϵ ϵ ĥ 浵 Ͽ. ״ ϵ Ͽ ū ⸦ غ Ͽ. ŰŬӽ ̸ ⸦ ӿ ߰Ͽ. ϰ Ƽ ҿ ¦ ٴڿ ִ ¤ ؿ ߾ ξ.
밨 ϰ 콺 ټ° 鿡 ߴ. ᶧ ŰŬӽ ƿͼ Ա , 綼 Ƴ־. ¥ غ Ŀ ٽ 콺 ڻ쳻 װ Ļ縦 ߴ. װ Ļ縦 ġ, 콺 Ͽ ָ鼭 ߴ.
"ŰŬӽ, ̰ Դϴ. ΰ ⸦ ڿ ø ְ ϴ ÿ."
״ ϰ ־.
״ װ ̴. ٰ ϸ ûߴ. 콺 ־, ϸ, Ǯ ߿ ڴٰ ϸ ̸ .
" ̸ Ƽ." ״ ̷ ߴ. |
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After his supper the giant lay down to repose, and was
soon found asleep. Then Ulysses with his four select
friends thrust the end of the stake into the fire till it
was all one burning coal, then poising it exactly above
the giant's only eye, they buried it deeply into the
socket, twirling it round as a carpenter does his auger. |
Ļ簡 ڸ . 콺 ߵ Ͽ Ҿ Ҽӿ ־ Ӱ ޱ ڿ װ ֲٴ ٷ ܴ ۿ ڰ ۰ ȴ. |
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The howling monster with his outcry filled the cavern, and
Ulysses with his aides nimbly got out of his way and
concealed themselves in the cave. He, bellowing, called
aloud on all the Cyclopses dwelling in the caves around
him, far and near. They on his cry flocked round the den,
and inquired what grievous hurt had caused him to sound
such an alarm and break their slumbers. He replied,
"O friends, I die, and Noman gives the blow."
They answered, "If no man hurts thee it is the stroke
of Jove (Zeus),
and thou must bear it." So saying, they left him
groaning. |
. 콺 ϵ Բ 绡 .
¢ κ ָ ִ ŰŬӽ Ҹ ҷ. θ¢ ̿ ᵵ ڰ ϴİ . ״ ߴ.
", ģ̿, ׳, Ƽ ."
ϸ ¢.
ߴ."ƹ ״븦 ʴ´ٸ װ 콺
̹Ƿ ״ ȵȴ."
̷ ϸ鼭 ϴ ܳ .
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Next morning the Cyclops rolled away the stone to let his
flock out to pasture, but planted himself in the door of
the cave to feel of all as they went out, that Ulysses and
his men should not escape with them. But Ulysses had made
his men harness the rams of the flock three abreast, with
osiers which they found on the floor of the cave. To the
middle ram of the three one of the Greeks suspended
himself, so protected by the exterior rams on either side.
As they passed, the giant felt of the animals' backs and
sides, but never thought of their bellies; so the men all
passed safe, Ulysses himself being on the last one that
passed. When they had got a few paces from the cavern,
Ulysses and his friends released themselves from their
rams, and drove a good part of the flock down to the shore
to their boat. They put them aboard with all haste, then
pushed off from the shore, and when at a safe distance
Ulysses shouted out, "Cyclops, the gods have well
requited thee for thy atrocious deeds. Know it is Ulysses
to whom thou owest thy shameful loss of sight." The
Cyclops, hearing this, seized a rock that projected from
the side of the mountain, and rending it from its bed he
lifted it high in the air, then exerting all his force,
hurled it in the direction of the voice. Down came the
mass, just clearing the vessel's stern. The ocean, at the
plunge of the huge rock, heaved the ship towards the land,
so that it barely escaped being swamped by the waves. When
they had with the utmost difficulty pulled off shore,
Ulysses was about to hail the giant again, but his friends
besought him not to do so. He could not forbear, however,
letting the giant know that they had escaped his missile,
but waited till they had reached a safer distance than
before. The giant answered them with curses, but Ulysses
and his friends plied their oars vigorously, and soon
regained their companions.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Ulysses among the Cyclopes]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book IX] |
ħ, ŰŬӽ 綼 Ͽ Ȯϱ ؼ Ա ־. 콺 ϵ 綼 . 콺 ϵ Ͽ ٴڿ ־ 鰡 (ة) Ͽ. Ͽ ̿ ä ɾ ߴ. ߰ Ϳ ε Ŵ ִ ̸ ȣ()Ͽ.
, 踦 ߴ. ̸Ͽ ϵ ߰, 콺 ߴ. ڱ Ÿ , 콺 ϵ 翡 Ǯ 綼 ؾ ִ ƿԴ. ѷ 迡 ư ؾ ȴ. Ÿ 콺 θ¢.
"ŰŬӽ, ŵ ܾ ؼ ̴. װ ġ 콺 ˾ƶ."
ŰŬӽ ̿ , װ Ѹ° ̾Ƴ ÷ Ͽ Ҹ Ͽ . Ŵ ƽƽϰ ġ . ū ٴ ڱ ٶ, ĩϸ ħ Ͽ. 踦 ؾκ , 콺 ٽ ūҸ θ , ϵ ̸ Ͽ.
״ ο װ ߴٴ ˸ ; ߵ ̾. ״ Ÿ ˷ȴ. ַν ̿ ߴ. 콺 ϵ 븦 Ȱ 챺 ִ ȯߴ.
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Ulysses next arrived at the island of
AEolus.
To this monarch Jupiter (Zeus)
had intrusted the government of the winds, to send them
forth or retain them at his will. He treated Ulysses hospitably, and at his departure gave
him, tied up in a leathern bag with a silver string, such
winds as might be hurtful and dangerous, commanding fair
winds to blow the barks towards their country. |
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콺 ̿÷ν ߴ. 콺 տ ٶ Źϰ ־ ٶ ̳ ־. 콺 ģ ϰ طӰ ٶ ڷ翡 ־ 罽 ž 鿡 ְ dz Ͽ 踦 εϿ ֵ ߴ. |
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Nine days
they sped before the wind, and all that time Ulysses had
stood at the helm, without sleep. At last quite exhausted
he lay down to sleep. While he slept, the crew conferred
together about the mysterious bag, and concluded it must
contain treasures given by the hospitable King
AEolus to their commander. Tempted to secure some
portion for themselves, they loosed the string, when
immediately the winds rushed forth. The ships were driven
far from their course, and back again to the island they
had just left. AEolus was so indignant at their folly that
he refused to assist them further, and they were obliged
to labour over their course once more by means of their
oars.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Ulysses and Aeolus]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book X]
[see also: Islands
of the Aeolian archipelago]
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κ 9 , ٴٿ dz ް ߴ. 콺 ʰ Ű ־µ, ħ ļ . װ ڰ ź ڷ翡 ؼ ̾߱⸦ .
ڷ ӿ ģ ̿÷ν ڱ 忡 ̶ ȴ. ڱ鵵 ټ Ǯ. ڸ ٷ ٶ ƢԴ. ηκ ָ ٽ ǵƿԴ. ̿÷ν Ͽ źϿ. θ ٽ ѹ, ̹ ϸ鼭 븦 ȵǾ. |
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THE LAESTRYGONIANS
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̽Ʈ
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Their next adventure was with the barbarous tribe of
Laestrygonians. The vessels all pushed into the harbour,
tempted by the secure appearance of the cove, completely
land-locked; only Ulysses moored his vessel without. As
soon as the Laestrygonians found the ships completely in
their power they attacked them, heaving huge stones which
broke and overturned them, and with their spears
despatched the seamen as they struggled in the water. All
the vessels with their crews were destroyed, except
Ulysses' own ship, which had remained outside, and finding
no safety but in flight, he exhorted his men to ply their
oars vigorously, and they escaped.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - The Laestrygonians]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book X] |
̽Ʈ̶ (ص) ̾. ױ . ѷ 濡 ȤǾ ̾. 콺 踦 ױ ۿ ״. ̽Ʈ ڵ ڱ ߿ ִٴ , Ͽ ū 踦 μ ״. ӿ հŸ â . ױ ۿ ִ 콺 踦 Ҿ ĸϿ.
° 콺 ġ ܿ ٰ Ǵϰ, ϵ ݷϿ 븦 Ͽ ƴ. Ͽ Ƴ ־. |
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With grief for their slain companions
mixed with joy at their own escape, they pursued their way
till they arrived at the AEgean isle, where Circe
dwelt, the daughter of the sun. |
ǻ 鿡 İ ڽŵ ģ Ϳ ݿ ڼ ظ Ͽ ħ ¾ Űɰ ִ ̾̿ Ͽ. |
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Landing here, Ulysses climbed a hill, and gazing round saw
no signs of habitation except in one spot at the centre of
the island, where he perceived a palace embowered with
trees. He sent forward one-half of his crew, under the
command of Eurylochus, to see what prospect of hospitality
they might find. As they approached the palace, they found
themselves surrounded by lions, tigers, and wolves, not
fierce, but tamed by Circe's art, for she was a powerful
magician [image:30K].
All these animals had once been men, but had been changed
by Circe's enchantments into the forms of beasts. The
sounds of soft music were heard from within, and a sweet
female voice singing. Eurylochus called aloud and the
goddess came forth and invited them in; they all gladly
entered except Eurylochus, who suspected danger. The
goddess conducted her guests to a seat, and had them
served with wine and other delicacies. When they had
feasted heartily, she touched them one by one with her
wand, and they became immediately changed into swine, in
"head, body, voice, and bristles," yet with
their intellects as before. She shut them in her sties and
supplied them with acorns and such other things as swine
love.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Circe transforms Ulysses' men]
[see also: Circe's
Isle]
[see also: image:
80K - Circe - painting by Wright Barker] |
̰ 콺 ö ѷҴ. ִ 븦 ߰ , ߽ɺ ѷ Ҵ. ״ ڽ μϿ İϿ, ִ° Ž ߴ. Ͽ , , , 鿡 ѷ̰ Ҵ ̴.
̵ 糳 ʰ, Ű ̾. Űɴ 翴. ΰ̾, Ű ɷ · Ǿ. ε巯 ǼҸ Ƹٿ 뷡Ҹ ȿ Դ.
ڽ ū Ҹ θ, ¾Ƶ鿴. Ⲩ , ڽ Ȥ ʾҴ. մԵ Ƿ ȳϿ ̸ ߴ. ð , Űɴ ̸ ϳϳ ¦ . ٷ ȴ. <Ӹ ̿ Ҹ > ״ο, ٸ . Űɴ 츮 ӿ ΰ 丮 Ÿ ٸ ̸ ־. |
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Eurylochus hurried back to the ship and told the tale.
Ulysses thereupon determined to go himself, and try if by
any means he might deliver his companions. As he strode
onward alone, he met a youth who addressed him familiarly,
appearing to be acquainted with his adventures. He
announced himself as Mercury (Hermes),
and informed Ulysses of the arts of Circe,
and of the danger of approaching her. As Ulysses was not
to be dissuaded from his attempt, Mercury provided him
with a sprig of the plant Moly,
of wonderful power to resist sorceries, and instructed him
how to act. Ulysses proceeded, and reaching the palace was
courteously received by Circe, who entertained him as she
had done his companions, and after he had eaten and drank,
touched him with her wand, saying, "Hence, seek the
sty and wallow with thy friends." But he, instead of
obeying, drew his sword and rushed upon her with fury in
his countenance. She fell on her knees and begged for
mercy. He dictated a solemn oath that she would release
his companions and practise no further harm against him or
them; and she repeated it, at the same time promising to
dismiss them all in safety after hospitably entertaining
them. She was as good as her word. The men were restored
to their shapes, the rest of the crew summoned from the
shore, and the whole magnificently entertained day after
day, till Ulysses seemed to have forgotten his native
land, and to have reconciled himself to an inglorious life
of ease and pleasure.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Circe]
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Moly]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book X] |
ڽ ִ ư ̾߱⸦ ߴ. ̿ 콺 ڽ ε ߴ. װ ȥڼ ɾ ̰ ƴ ģ ɾԴ. ̴ ڱ 츣 , 콺 Ű Ͽ ˸, ׳ ϸ ϴٰ ߴ. 콺 ܳų Ƿ 츣 ϴ ִ ʸ ְ ־. 콺 , Űɴ ģ ¾ ̸, 鿡 Ͱ Ĵߴ. װ Ļ縦 , ׳ ̸ 鼭 ߴ.
", 츮 ãư ߱ ְŶ."
״ ʰ Į ⸦ ׳ . ׳ ݰ . ״ ׳ ڱ Ǯ ְ ٽô ڱ⳪ 鿡 ظ ġ ʰڴٴ ϶ ߴ. ׳ Ǯϰ ģ Ŀ ϰٴٰ ߴµ, ׳ Ͽ. ȭ ٽ ƿ ٸ ؾȿ ִ 鵵 ʴ븦 ȯ븦 Ҵ. ħ 콺 ذ Ȱ ġ ٵ Ȱ ϰ ִ ó . |
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At length his companions recalled him
to nobler sentiments, and he received their admonition
gratefully. Circe aided their departure, and instructed
them how to pass safely by the coast of the Sirens.
The Sirens
were sea-nymphs who had the power of charming by their
song all who heard them, so that the unhappy mariners were
irresistibly impelled to cast themselves into the sea to
their destruction. Circe directed Ulysses to fill the ears
of his seamen with wax, so that they should not hear the
strain; and to cause himself to be bound to the mast, and
his people to be strictly enjoined, whatever he might say
or do, by no means to release him till they should have
passed the Sirens' island. |
ħ ־, ״ Ƶ鿴. Űɴ , ٵ ִ غ ϴ ־. ̷ ٴ ε, 뷡 ҷ ̸ ڸ Ȥϴ ־. ̸Ͽ Ұ ٴ پ 浿 ġ ̾. Űɴ 콺 ʷ 뷧Ҹ ϰ ϶ Ϸ. 콺 ڽ Ͽ ڱ 뿡 Ͽ ̷ ϱ װ Ҹ ϰų ϰų Ǯ ־ ȵȴٰ Ϸ. |
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Ulysses obeyed these directions. He filled the ears of his
people with wax, and suffered them to bind him with cords
firmly to the mast. As they approached the Sirens' island,
the sea was calm, and over the waters came the notes of
music so ravishing and attractive that Ulysses struggled
to get loose, and by cries and signs to his people begged
to be released; but they, obedient to his previous orders,
sprang forward and bound him still faster. They held on
their course, and the music grew fainter till it ceased to
be heard, when with joy Ulysses gave his companions the
signal to unseal their ears, and they relieved him from
his bonds.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Ulysses and the Sirens]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book XII]
[see also: The
Mythical World of the Sirens] |
콺 Ű Ͽ. ״ ϵ ʷ Ͽ ڽ ٷ ܴ 뿡 LƸŵ ߴ. ̷ ٴ Ȥ 뷧Ҹ Դ. 콺 Ǯ θ ġ ϵ鿡 Ǯ ֿߴ. ɿ Ͽ ͼ ܴ Ͽ. ظ Ͽ. 뷧Ҹ ħ 鸮 ʰ Ǿ. μ 콺 ϸ 鿡 Ϳ ʸ ȣ Ͽ, 콺 Ǯ. |
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The imagination of a modern poet, Keats,
has discovered for us the thoughts that passed through the
brains of the victims of Circe, after their
transformation. In his "Endymion"
he represents one of them, a monarch in the guise of an
elephant, addressing the sorceress in human language,
thus:
"I sue not for my happy crown again;
I sue not for my phalanx on the plain;
I sue not for my lone, my widowed wife;
I sue not for my ruddy drops of life,
My children fair, my lovely girls and boys;
I will forget them; I will pass these joys,
Ask nought so heavenward; so too- too high;
Only I pray, as fairest boon, to die;
To be delivered from this cumbrous flesh,
From this gross, detestable, filthy mesh,
And merely given to the cold, bleak air.
Have mercy, goddess! Circe, feel my prayer!"
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SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS
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Ulysses had been warned by Circe of the two monsters
Scylla
and Charybdis. We have already met with Scylla in the story
of Glaucus, and remember that she was once a beautiful
maiden and was changed into a snaky monster by Circe. She
dwelt in a cave high up on the cliff, from whence she was
accustomed to thrust forth her long necks (for she had six
heads), and in each of her mouths seize one of the crew of
every vessel passing within reach. The other terror, Charybdis,
was a gulf, nearly on a level with the water. Thrice each
day the water rushed into a frightful chasm, and thrice was
disgorged. Any vessel coming near the whirlpool when the
tide was rushing in must inevitably be ingulfed; not Neptune
(Poseidon)
himself could save it.
On approaching the haunt of the dread monsters, Ulysses kept
strict watch to discover them. The roar of the waters as
Charybdis ingulfed them, gave warning at a distance, but
Scylla could nowhere be discerned. While Ulysses and his men
watched with anxious eyes the dreadful whirlpool, they were
not equally on their guard from the attack of Scylla, and
the monster, darting forth her snaky heads, caught six of
his men, and bore them away, shrieking, to her den. It was
the saddest sight Ulysses had yet seen; to behold his
friends thus sacrificed and hear their cries, unable to
afford them any assistance.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Scylla and Charybdis]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book XII]
Circe had warned him of another danger. After passing Scylla
and Charybdis the next land he would make was Thrinakia, an
island whereon were pastured the cattle of Hyperion,
the Sun, tended by his daughters Lampetia and Phaethusa.
These flocks must not be violated, whatever the wants of the
voyagers might be. If this injunction were transgressed
destruction was sure to fall on the offenders.
Ulysses would willingly have passed the island of the Sun
without stopping, but his companions so urgently pleaded for
the rest and refreshment that would be derived from
anchoring and passing the night on shore, that Ulysses
yielded. He bound them, however, with an oath that they
would not touch one of the animals of the sacred flocks and
herds, but content themselves with what provision they yet
had left of the supply which Circe had put on board. So long
as this supply lasted the people kept their oath, but
contrary winds detained them at the island for a month, and
after consuming all their stock of provisions, they were
forced to rely upon the birds and fishes they could catch.
Famine pressed them, and at length one day, in the absence
of Ulysses, they slew some of the cattle, vainly attempting
to make amends for the deed by offering from them a portion
to the offended powers. Ulysses, on his return to the shore,
was horror-struck at perceiving what they had done, and the
more so on account of the portentous signs which followed.
The skins crept on the ground, and the joints of meat lowed
on the spits while roasting.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Ulysses in Thrinacia (Thrinakia)]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book XII]
The wind becoming fair they sailed from the island. They had
not gone far when the weather changed, and a storm of
thunder and lightning ensued. A stroke of lightning
shattered their mast, which in its fall killed the pilot. At
last the vessel itself came to pieces. The keel and mast
floating side by side, Ulysses formed of them a raft, to
which he clung, and, the wind changing, the waves bore him
to Calypso's
island. All the rest of the crew perished.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - shipwreck after Thrinacia
(Thrinakia)]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book XII]
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콺 ŰɿԼ ī ϶ Ǹ Ҵ. 츮 ̹ ۶ڽ ̾߱⸦ Ͽ , ؼ ְ, ׳డ Ƹٿ óµ, Űɿ ؼ Ǿٴ ̾߱ ִ. ׳ ִ ӿ , װκ а, Ÿ ϴ 谡 ߿ ϳϳ ƸԴ ̾.
ϳ ī غ ִ ҿ뵹̿. ƴ ϰ, ϴ ̾. ҿ뵹 ó ϴ ¿ ̿ . ̵ װ .
ϴ ҿ , 콺 ߰Ϸ ø ϰ ־. ī ū Ҹ Ƿ ָ ִ . 콺 ϵ ҾȽ ҿ뵹̸ ϰ ݿ ǰ ϿǷ, Ӹ о ° Ҹ ¢ ġ . װ 콺 ߿ ̾. ̰ Ǵ 鼭 Ӽå̾.
Űɴ ٸ 콺 Ͽ ̴. ī Ŀ ƮŰƶ ̾µ, װ ¾ 丮 Ƽƿ Ŀ տ ǰ ־. ƹ ڵ鿡 ʿϴ ħؼ ȵǴ ̾. ݷ(ֵ) ̾.
콺 ¾ 鸣 ʰ Ϸ , 踦 ڽŰ ؾȿ Ϸ Ḹ ڵ Ƿθ ȸ ִٰ ϵ ϴ ٶ 纸 ߴ.
״ 鿡 Űɰ 迡 Ǿ ķ ؾ ϸ żѾ̳ Ÿ Դ ϳ 뼭 ȵȴٰ ϰ, Ҵ. ķ ִ ȿ ϵ鵵 ״. dz ̾Ͼ Ѵ ȿ Ǿ ķ Һ Ŀ, ⸦ ȵǾ. ư , ħ 콺 , ̰ Ϻκ ŵ鿡 ڱ Ϸ Ͽ. ̴ ̾. 콺 ؾȿ ƿ, ˰ . ̾ Ͼ ұ ¡ ߴ. ٴϰ, ҿ ì̿ Ҹ ´.
dz ұ ϿǷ κ Ͽ. ʾ İ ϴ dz찡 Ͼ ڼҸ Ͽ ½̾. ڰ 븦 μ 밡 Ѿ ٶ Ṵ̋ . ħ μ ȴ. () 콺 ¸ Ͽ.
ٶ Į Ű ٸ ߴ.
ī ձ θ 糭 ǹϴ Ӵ ȴ.
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The following allusion to the topics we have just been
considering is from Milton's
"Comus,"
line 252:
"...I have often heard
My mother Circe and the Sirens three,
Amidst the flowery-kirtled Naiades,
Culling their potent herbs and baneful drugs,
Who as they sung would take the prisoned soul
And lap it in Elysium. Scylla wept,
And chid her barking waves into attention,
And fell Charybdis murmured soft applause."
Scylla and Charybdis have become proverbial, to denote
opposite dangers which beset one's course. See Proverbial
Expressions, no. 8.
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CALYPSO
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Calypso
was a sea-nymph, which name denotes a numerous class of
female divinities of lower rank, yet sharing many of the
attributes of the gods. Calypso received Ulysses
hospitably, entertained him magnificently, became
enamoured of him, and wished to retain him for ever,
conferring on him immortality. But he persisted in his
resolution to return to his country and his wife and son.
Calypso at last received the command of Jove to dismiss
him. |
ĮҴ ٴ 俴. ̸ ź ŵ Ӽ ٺ ִ ϱ ŵ ǹϰ ִ. ĮҴ 콺 ¾Ƶ鿩 ȯϿ. ϰ Ǿ ʰ Ͽ ڱ 翡 ϵ Ͽ. ״ óڿԷ ư ʾҴ. ĮҴ ħ ֶ 콺 Ƶ̰ Ǿ.
츣 ׳ Դ. |
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Mercury (Hermes)
brought the message to her, and found her in her grotto,
which is thus described by Homer:
"A garden vine, luxuriant on all sides,
Mantled the spacious cavern, cluster-hung
Profuse; four fountains of serenest lymph,
Their sinuous course pursuing side by side,
Strayed all around, and everywhere appeared
Meadows of softest verdure, purpled o'er
With violets; it was a scene to fill
A god from heaven with wonder and delight."
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Calypso with much reluctance proceeded to obey the
commands of Jupiter. She supplied Ulysses with the means
of constructing a raft, provisioned it well for him, and
gave him a favouring gale. He sped on his course
prosperously for many days, till at length, when in sight
of land, a storm arose that broke his mast, and threatened
to rend the raft asunder. In this crisis he was seen by a
compassionate sea-nymph, who in the form of a cormorant
alighted on the raft, and presented him a girdle,
directing him to bind it beneath his breast, and if he
should be compelled to trust himself to the waves, it
would buoy him up and enable him by swimming to reach the
land.
[see Library
of Apollodorus and Notes - Ulysses and Calypso]
[see also: Odyssey,
Book I]
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ĮҴ Ⱦϸ鼭 콺 ɿ . ׳ 콺 ¸ ְ, ķ Ǿ ־, dz Ұ ־. ״ Ͽ ̴ , ڱ dz찡 Ͼ 븦 η߸ ¸ Ҵ. װ ̷ ó ִ ٴ 䰡 ߰ϰ, ׳ Ͽ ¸ ɾ 츦 ϳ ְ, װ ؿ Ŷ Ϸ. ƹ ȵ 쿡 װ ߰ Ͽ ļ ְ ̾. |
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Fenelon,
in his romance of "Telemachus,"* has given us
the adventures of the son of Ulysses in search of his
father. Among other places at which he arrived, following
on his father's footsteps, was Calypso's isle, and, as in
the former case, the goddess tried every art to keep him
with her, and offered to share her immortality with him.
But Minerva (Athena),
who in the shape of Mentor accompanied him and governed
all his movements, made him repel her allurements, and
when no other means of escape could be found, the two
friends leaped from a cliff into the sea, and swam to a
vessel which lay becalmed off shore.
[* T??aque, a pedagogical treatise
based on the fourth book of the Odyssey, was part of an
extensive educational curriculum designed by F?elon,
preceptor to Louis XIV's grandson, the Duke of Burgundy.
This "exceptional book," in Voltaire's words,
emphasizes self-control, a return to the earth, and a
reduction in spending. Despotic tendencies and a penchant
for lavishness and war are discouraged. (excerpt from
"Rise
and Fall of the Absolute Monarchy", Library of
Congress exhibit notes)]
[see also: Calypso
receiving Telemachus and Mentor in the Grotto -
painting by William Hamilton] |
÷ <ڷڽ >̶ ̾߱ ӿ 콺 Ƶ ڷڽģ ã ִ. ģ 븦 ߿ Į ִ. ģ ° Ͽ ڷڽ η, ڱ һ ְڴٰ ߴ. ׳ 丣 ڷڽ ൿ ü ϰ ־ , ̶ Į Ȥ Ѹġ ߴ. , ܾ(Ө) ٴٷ پ ٴ ⽾ ӹ ִ . |
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Byron
alludes to this leap of Telemachus and Mentor in the
following stanza:
"But not in silence pass Calypso's isles,
The sister tenants of the middle deep;
There for the weary still a haven smiles,
Though the fair goddess long has ceased to weep,
And o'er her cliffs a fruitless watch to keep
For him who dared prefer a mortal bride.
Here too his boy essayed the dreadful leap,
Stern Mentor urged from high to yonder tide;
While thus of both bereft the nymph-queen doubly
sighed."
[Online Textbook: Barry
Powell, Classical Myth, Chapter 20: The Return of
Odysseus. Also see this chapter's Calvin
College Study Guide.]
[Online Textbook: Morford
and Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Chapter 18: The
Returns. Also see this chapter's Myth
Summary and Topic
Links.]
[see also: Odysseus]
[see also: The
Wanderings of Odysseus - Study Guide to Rowse
translation]
[see also: Study
Guide for Homer's Odyssey - Fitzgerald
translation]
[see also: Homer's
Odyssey (PERSEUS hyperlinked references) -
Murray translation]
[see also: Apollodorus
summary, The Wanderings of Ulysses. Epitome, VII.1-40.]
[see also: Mythical
Locations in the Odyssey]
[see also: The
Odyssey Page]
[see also: The
Odysseus Page]
[see also: The
Odyssey Home Page]
[see also: Mythweb's
The Odyssey]
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Back to Chapter XXVIII
On to Chapter XXX
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THOMAS BULFINCH
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