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·Î¸¶ÀÇ ½Åµé
(The Roman Divinities)


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Roman legion standard

BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY

THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch

Roman legion standard

CHAPTER I Part Two

THE ROMAN DIVINITIES

Á¦ 1 Àå 2 ºÎ

·Î¸¶ÀÇ ½Åµé

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THE preceding are Grecian divinities, though received also by the Romans. Those which follow are peculiar to Roman mythology:
[see also: Roman vs. Greek deities]
[see also: Greek vs. Roman deities]

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ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö À̾߱âÇØ ¿Â ½ÅµéÀº ·Î¸¶Àε鵵 ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱â´Â ÇßÁö¸¸ , ¸ðµÎ ±×¸®½ºÀÇ ½ÅµéÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ºÎÅÍ À̾߱âÇÏ´Â ½ÅµéÀº ·Î¸¶ ½ÅÈ­ÀÇ °íÀ¯ÇÑ ½ÅµéÀÌ´Ù.

Saturn was an ancient Italian deity. It was attempted to identify him with the Grecian god Cronos, and fabled that after his dethronement by Jupiter he fled to Italy, where he reigned during what was called the Golden Age. In memory of his beneficent dominion, the feast of Saturnalia was held every year in the winter season. Then all public business was suspended, declarations of war and criminal executions were postponed, friends made presents to one another, and the slaves were indulged with great liberties.

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Saturn

»çÅõ¸£´©½º´Â °í´ë ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÎÀÇ ½ÅÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÅÀº ±×¸®½ºÀÇ ½Å Å©·Î³ë½º¿Í µ¿ÀϽõǰí, Àü¼³¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¾Æµé ÁêÇÇÅÍ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÆóÀ§µÇÀÚ, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ·Î µµ¸ÁÇÏ¿© ¼¼Äª Ȳ±Ý½Ã´ë¶ó°í ºÒ¸®¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ÀçÀ§ÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¼±Á¤À» ±â³äÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸Å³â °Ü¿ï¿¡ »çÅõ¸£³¯¸®¾Æ¶ó´Â Á¦ÀüÀÌ °ÅÇàµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×¶§¿¡´Â ¸ðµç °ø¹«°¡ Á¤ÁöµÇ°í, ¼±Àü Æ÷°í³ª Çü¹úÀÇ ÁýÇ൵ ¿¬±âµÇ°í Ä£±¸µéÀº ¼­·Î ¼±¹°À» ±³È¯ÇÏ¿´°í, ³ë¿¹µé¿¡°Ôµµ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÃÖ´ëÇÑÀ¸·Î Çã¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. 

 A feast was given them at which they sat at table, while their masters served them, to show the natural equality of men, and that all things belonged equally to all, in the reign of Saturn.

±×µéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÜÄ¡°¡ ¹ú¾îÁö°í, ±× ¼®»ó¿¡¼­´Â ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ½ÃÁßÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº »çÅõ¸£´©½ºÀÇ Ä¡¼¼¿¡ À־´Â Àΰ£ÀÌ º»·¡ ÆòµîÇÏ´Ù´Â °Í°ú ¸¸¹°ÀÌ ¸¸Àο¡°Ô ÆòµîÇÏ°Ô ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ±â À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


  Faunus,* the grandson of Saturn, was worshipped as the god of fields and shepherds, and also as a prophetic god. His name in the plural, Fauns, expressed a class of gamesome deities, like the Satyrs of the Greeks.


»çÅõ¸£´©½ºÀÇ ¼ÕÀÚÀÎ ÆÄ¿ì´©½º´Â µé°ú ¸ñÀÚÀÇ ½ÅÀ¸·Î¼­ ¼þ¹èµÇ¾ú°í, ¿¹¾ðÀÇ ½ÅÀ¸·Î¼­µµ ¼þ¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×ÀÇ À̸§ÀÇ º¹¼öÇü(ÜÜâ¦û¡)ÀÎ ÆÄ¿ì´Ï´Â ±×¸®½ºÀÇ »çÆ¢·Î½º¿Í °°ÀÌ Àͻ콺·± ½ÅµéÀÇ ÀÏ´ÜÀ» ÀǹÌÇß´Ù.

* There was also a goddess called Fauna, or Bona Dea.

Quirinus was a war god, said to be no other than Romulus, the founder of Rome, exalted after his death to a place among the gods.

Bellona, a war goddess.

Terminus, the god of landmarks. His statue was a rude stone or post, set in the ground to mark the boundaries of fields.

*¶ÇÇÑ ÆÄ¿ì³ª ¶Ç´Â º¸³ªµð¾Æ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¿©½Åµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
۸®´©½º´Â ÀüÀïÀÇ ½ÅÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ½ÅÀº ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Ã¢°ÇÀÚÀ̰í, »çÈÄ(»çÈÄ)¿¡ ½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿¡ ¿À¸£°Ô µÈ ·Î¹°·ç½º ÀÚ½ÅÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

º§·Î³ª´Â ÀüÀïÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀÌ´Ù.

Å׸£¹Ì´©½º´Â ÅäÁö °æ°èÀÇ ½ÅÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ »óÀº °ÅÄ£ µ¹À̳ª ±âµÕÀ¸·Î¼­ µéÀÇ °æ°è¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Áö»ó¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
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Pales, the goddess presiding over cattle and pastures.

Pomona presided over fruit trees.
[see also: Chapter X]

Flora, the goddess of flowers.

Lucina, the goddess of childbirth.

Vesta (the Hestia of the Greeks) was a deity presiding over the public and private hearth. A sacred fire, tended by six virgin priestesses called Vestals, flamed in her temple. As the safety of the city was held to be connected with its conservation, the neglect of the virgins, if they let it go out, was severely punished, and the fire was rekindled from the rays of the sun.
[see also: Plutarch, Book IV - Numa, section beginning "The office of Pontifex Maximus..."]

Liber is the Latin name of Bacchus; and Mulciber of Vulcan.

Vesta

ÆÈ·¹½º´Â °¡Ãà°ú ¸ñÀåÀ» ÁÖÀçÇÏ´Â ¿©½ÅÀÌ´Ù.

Æ÷¸ð³ª´Â °úÀϳª¹«¸¦ °üÀåÇß´Ù.

Ç÷ζó´Â ²ÉµéÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀ̾ú´Ù.

·ç½Ã³ª´Â Ãâ»êÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀ̾ú´Ù.

º£½ºÅ¸(±×¸®½ºÀÇ Ç콺Ƽ¾Æ)´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¼Ü°ú °¡Á¤ÀÇ ¼ÜÀ» ÁÖÀçÇÏ´Â ¿©½ÅÀ̾ú´Ù. º£½ºÅ¸ÀÇ ½ÅÀü¿¡¼± º£½ºÅ»À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¿©¼¸ ¸íÀÇ Ã³³à Á¦»ç(Á¦»ç)°¡ ¼öÈ£Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÈ­(á¡ûý)°¡ Ÿ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ·Î¸¶ÀÎ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¾È³çÀº ÀÌ ¼ºÈ­ÀÇ º¸Á¸°ú °ü°è°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ó³à Á¦»çÀÇ Å¸¸ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ ²¨Áö´Â ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ±×³àµéÀº ¾ö¹úÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í, ²¨Áø ºÒÀº ž籤¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã Á¡È­µÇ¾ú´Ù.

¸®º£¸£´Â ¹ÙÄí½º ÀÇ ¶óƾ ¸í(¸í)À̸ç, ¹°Å°º£¸£´Â ºÒÄ«´©½ºÀÇ ¶óƾ À̸§ÀÌ´Ù.

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Janus was the porter of heaven. He opens the year, the first month being named after him. 

¾ß´©½º´Â ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ¹®Áö±â·Î¼­ »õÇØ¸¦ ¿­±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀϳâÀÇ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ´Þ)Àº ±×ÀÇ À̸§À» µû¼­ ºÙ¿©Á® ÀÖ´Ù.

He is the guardian deity of gates, on which account he is commonly represented with two heads, because every door looks two ways. His temples at Rome were numerous. In war time the gates of the principal one were always open. In peace they were closed; but they were shut only once between the reign of Numa and that of Augustus.
[see also: Chapter XXXIII - "Opening the Gates of Janus"]

Janus

 ±×´Â ¹®ÀÇ ¼öÈ£½ÅÀÌ¿ä, ¸ðµç ¹®Àº µÎ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¸éÇØ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±×´Â º¸Åë µÎ °³ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù. ·Î¸¶¿¡´Â ¾ß´©½ºÀÇ ½ÅÀüÀÌ ¹«¼öÈ÷ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ÀüÀï ¶§´Â ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ½ÅÀüÀÇ ¹®Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¿­·È°í, ÆòÈ­½Ã´Â ´ÝÇô ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´©¸¶¿Í ¾Æ¿ì±¸½ºÅõ½ºÀÇ Ä¡¼¼ µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ¹®ÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ Çѹø ´ÝÇûÀ» »ÓÀ̾ú´Ù.

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The Penates were the gods who were supposed to attend to the welfare and prosperity of the family. Their name is derived from Penus, the pantry, which was sacred to them. Every master of a family was the priest of the Penates of his own house.

Æä³ªÅ×½º´Â °¡Á·ÀÇ Çູ°ú ¹ø¿µÀ» ÁöÄÑ ÁÖ´Â ½Åµé·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ À̸§Àº Æä´©½º, Áï ½Ä·áǰÀ» ³Ö´Â ÂùÀåÀ̶ó´Â ¸»¿¡¼­ À¯·¡ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÂùÀåÀÌ ÀÌ ½ÅµéÀÇ ¼º¼Ò·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÇÑ °¡Á¤ÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÚ±â ÁýÀÇ Æä³ªÅ×½ºÀÇ Á¦»ç(Á¦»ç)¿´´Ù.

The Lares, or Lars, were also household gods, but differed from the Penates in being regarded as the deified spirits of mortals. The family Lars were held to be the souls of the ancestors, who watched over and protected their descendants. The words Lemur and Larva more nearly correspond to our word Ghost.

¶ó·¹½º, Áï ¶ó¸£µéµµ ¶ÇÇÑ °¡Á¤À» ÁöŰ´Â ½ÅµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Æä³ªÅ×½º¿Í ´Þ¸® ÀüÀÚ´Â »çÀÚÀÇ ¿µÈ¥ÀÌ ½ÅÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. °¡Á¤ÀÇ ¶ó·¹½º´Â ÀÚ¼ÕµéÀ» °¨µ¶ÇÏ°í º¸È£ÇÏ´Â ¿µÈ¥À¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ·¹¹«·¹½º¿Í ¶ó¸£¹Ù¾Æ¶ó´Â ¸»Àº °ÅÀÇ ¿µ¾îÀÇ °í½ºÆ®¶ó´Â ¸»°ú ºÎÇÕÇÑ´Ù.

The Romans believed that every man had his Genius, and every woman her Juno: that is, a spirit who had given them being, and was regarded as their protector through life. On their birthdays men made offerings to their Genius, women to their Juno.

·Î¸¶ÀεéÀÌ ¹Ï´Â ¹Ù¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ³²ÀÚ´Â ´©±¸µçÁö ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¼öÈ£½Å °Ô´Ï¿ì½º¸¦, ¿©ÀÚ´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¼öÈ£½ÅÀÎ À¯³ë¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Áï, ±× ½ÅÀÌ ÀÚ±âµé¿¡°Ô »îÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß°í Æò»ý ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ º¸È£ÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾î ÁÖ¸®¶ó°í »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ »ýÀÏ¿¡´Â ³²ÀÚ´Â Àڱ⠰ԴϿ콺¿¡°Ô ¼±¹°À» ¹ÙÃÆ°í ¿©ÀÚ´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ À¯³ë¿¡°Ô ¼±¹°À» ¹ÙÃÆ´Ù.

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A modern poet thus alludes to some of the Roman gods:

"Pomona loves the orchard,
And Liber loves the vine,
And Pales loves the straw-built shed;
Warm with the breath of kine;
And Venus loves the whisper
Of plighted youth and maid,
In April's ivory moonlight,
Beneath the chestnut shade."
(Macaulay, "Prophecy of Capys.")

[Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome: Horatius, The Battle of the Lake Regillus, Virginia, and The Prophecy of Capys - both text and zip files]

¾î¶² ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ½ÃÀÎÀº ¸î¸î ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ½Åµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÎÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù:

Æ÷¸ð³ª´Â °ú¼ö¿øÀ» »ç¶ûÇϰí
¸®º£¸£´Â Æ÷µµ³ÕÄð¿ï »ç¶ûÇϸç
ÆÈ·¹½º´Â Ãʰ¡Çê°£À» »ç¶ûÇϳ×
¾Ï¼ÒÀÇ ¼û°á·Î Æ÷±ÙÇÏ¿©;
ºñ³Ê½º´Â ¼Ó»èÀÓÀ» »ç¶ûÇϳ×
½½ÆÛÇϴ ó³à ÃѰ¢, 
»ç¿ù »ó¾Æ ´Þºû ¾È¿¡,
¹ã³ª¹« ±×´Ã ¾Æ·¡.
(¸ÆÄ÷¹ÀÌ, "Ä«ÇǽºÀÇ ¿¹¾ð.")

N.B.- It is to be observed that in proper names the final e and es are to be sounded. Thus Cybele and Penates are words of three syllables. But Proserpine and Thebes are exceptions and to be pronounced as English words.
[see also: Rules for The Pronunciation of Latin...]
[see also: Pronouncing and transliterating Greek]

[see also: Gods and Goddesses of Rome]
[see also: Ancient Roman Religion]
[see also: On the Roman Religion]

N.B. - °íÀ¯¸í»ç¿¡¼­ ¸¶Áö¸· e ³ª es ´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»¾î¾ß ÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇ϶ó. ±×·¡¼­ Cybele¿Í Penates´Â ¼¼À½Àý ´Ü¾îµéÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Proserpine¿Í Thebes´Â ¿¹¿Ü¶ó¼­ ¿µ¾î ´Ü¾îó·³ ¹ßÀ½ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù.

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[Textbook Link: Barry Powell, Classical Myth, Chapter 21: Roman Myth - The link is to this chapter's "Objectives" page of Prentice Hall's "Companion Website" for this excellent textbook. The menu on the left of the screen provides links to several tests and to a selection of links on the chapter's subject matter. There are also intriguing options for interactivity between registered instructors and students. An altogether superb application of the Web by a textbook publisher!]
[see also: review of Barry Powell's Classical Myth, Bryn Mawr Classical Reviews, 1995]


[Textbook Link: Morford and Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Chapter 24: The Nature of Roman Mythology: Commentary - From Longman's companion web site to another excellent textbook, this link provides valuable source notes on the subject. Also see this chapter's Myth Summary.]

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Back to Chapter I, Part One
On to Chapter II

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¡¡THOMAS BULFINCH

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