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Hammarskjöld,
Dag,
in full DAG HJALMAR AGNE CARL HAMMARSKJÖLD
(b. July 29, 1905, Jönköping, Swed.--d. Sept. 18, 1961, near Ndola,
Northern Rhodesia [now Zambia]), Swedish economist and statesman, second
secretary-general of the United Nations
(1953-61), who enhanced the prestige and effectiveness of the UN. He was
posthumously awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for 1961.
The son of Hjalmar Hammarskjöld, prime minister of Sweden (1914-17) and chairman
of the Nobel Prize Foundation (1929-47), Dag
Hammarskjöld studied law and economics at the universities of Uppsala
and Stockholm and taught political economy at Stockholm (1933-36). He then
joined the Swedish civil service as permanent under secretary in the Ministry of
Finance and subsequently became president of the board of the Bank of Sweden.
From 1947 he served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1951 Hammarskjöld
was chosen vice chairman of Sweden's delegation to the UN General Assembly,
of which he became chairman in 1952. On April 10, 1953, five months after the
resignation of Trygve Lie of Norway as secretary general, Hammarskjöld
was elected to the office for a term of five years. In September 1957 he was
reelected to another five-year term.
For several years he was most concerned
with fighting and threats of fighting in the Middle East between Israel and the
Arab states; he and the Canadian statesman Lester
Pearson participated in the resolution of the Suez Canal crisis that
arose in 1956. Hammarskjöld also
played a prominent role in the 1958 crisis in Lebanon and Jordan.
The Belgian Congo became the independent
Republic of the Congo on June 30, 1960, and Hammarskjöld sent a UN force to suppress the civil strife that
began there soon afterward. In September 1960 his action was denounced by the
Soviet Union, which demanded that he resign and that the office of secretary
general be replaced by a three-man board (troika)
comprising representatives of the Western, communist, and neutral nations. Soon
after, while on a peace mission to President Moise Tshombe of the Congolese
province of Katanga, Hammarskjöld was
killed in an airplane crash.
As secretary general, Hammarskjöld is generally thought to have combined great moral
force with subtlety in meeting international challenges. He insisted on the
freedom of the secretary general to take emergency action without prior approval
by the Security Council or the General Assembly. He also allayed widespread
fears that the UN would be completely dominated by its chief source of financial
sustenance, the United States. The absence of a major international crisis
during the first three years of his secretaryship enabled him to concentrate on
quietly building public confidence in himself and his office.
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1905. 7. 29 ½º¿þµ§ ÀÌ¿ÞÃÖÇÎ~1961. 9.
18 ºÏ·ÎµðÁö¾Æ Àºµ¹¶ó ±Ùó.
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