|
Dawes, Charles
G(ates)
(b. Aug. 27, 1865, Marietta, Ohio,
U.S.--d. April 23, 1951, Evanston, Ill.), U.S. vice president, ambassador, and
author of the "Dawes Plan" for
managing Germany's reparations payments after World War I.
Educated at Marietta College and
Cincinnati Law School, Dawes practiced
law in Lincoln, Neb. (1887-94), and then moved to Evanston, which he made his
permanent home. He was U.S. comptroller of the currency from 1897 to 1902, when
he returned to private business and organized the Central Trust Company of
Illinois. During World War I Dawes was
head of supply procurement for the American Expeditionary Force in France. He
resigned as brigadier general in 1919. In 1921 he was appointed the first U.S.
director of the budget.
In 1923, Dawes was appointed by the Allied Reparations Commission to plan a
solution for the problem of Germany's inability to pay reparations for their
presumed liability for World War I. Dawes
presided over a committee of experts that submitted a plan (1924) providing
for a reorganization of German finances with the assistance of loans from U.S.
investors. This " Dawes Plan " (q.v.)
saved Europe from economic collapse for a few years, but it proved to be only a
partial solution for the dilemma of world economic disorganization.
Dawes
was vice president under Pres. Calvin Coolidge
(1925-29), and from 1929 to 1932 he was U.S. ambassador to Great Britain. During
the Depression he returned to the U.S. (1932) to direct the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation. He resigned the same year and reentered the banking
business.
In 1925 Dawes was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace jointly with Sir Austen
Chamberlain. He was the author of several works including A Journal of the Great War (1921), Notes as Vice President (1935), and A Journal of Reparations (1939).
|
µµ½º (Charles G(ates) Dawes)
1865. 8. 27 ¹Ì±¹ ¿ÀÇÏÀÌ¿À ¸¶¸®¿¡Å¸~1951.
4. 23 Àϸ®³ëÀÌ ¿¡¹Ý½ºÅÏ.
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¿Ü±³°ü¡¤ºÎÅë·É.
¡¡
 |
| µµ½º(1925) |
µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ¹è»ó±Ý ÁöºÒ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·é ' µµ½º¾È
'ÀÇ ÀÔ¾ÈÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
¸¶¸®¿¡Å¸´ëÇаú ½Å½Ã³»Æ¼¹ý°ú´ëÇÐÀ» Á¹¾÷Çϰí
³×ºê·¡½ºÄ« ÁÖ ¸µÄÁ¿¡¼ º¯È£»ç·Î Ȱµ¿ÇÏ´Ù°¡ Àϸ®³ëÀÌ ÁÖ
¿¡¹Ý½ºÅÏÀ¸·Î ÀÌÁÖÇß´Ù. 1894³âºÎÅÍ´Â ¿¬¹æ ȸ°è°¨»ç°üÀ¸·Î
ÀÏÇßÀ¸¸ç 1902³â ´Ù½Ã °³Àλç¾÷À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡ Àϸ®³ëÀÌ
Á߾ӽſëÀºÇàÀ» ¼³¸³Çß´Ù. Á¦1Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀÌ ÀϾÀÚ
ÇÁ¶û½º ÆÄ°ß ¹Ì±ºÀÇ º¸±Þǰ Á¶´ÞÀ» ´ã´çÇßÀ¸¸ç 1919³â
ÁØÀåÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÆíÇÑ µÚ ÃÊ´ë ¿¬¹æ¿¹»ê±¹Àå¿¡ ¿Ã¶ú´Ù.
1923³â µ¶ÀÏÀÌ ÀüÈĹè»ó±ÝÀÇ ÁöºÒ¿¡ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °ÞÀÚ ¿¬ÇÕ±¹
¹è»óÀ§¿øÈ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »õ·Î¿î ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÇ Á¦¾ÈÀ» À§ÀÓ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
µµ½º´Â Àü¹®°¡µé·Î À§¿øÈ¸¸¦ Á¶Á÷, 1924³â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´ëºÎ¿øÁ¶¸¦
ÅëÇÏ¿© µ¶ÀÏ ÀçÁ¤À» °³ÆíÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ °èȹ¾ÈÀ» Á¦ÃâÇß´Ù.
µµ½º ¾ÈÀº À¯·´ÀÇ °æÁ¦ÆÄźÀ» ¾ó¸¶°£ ÀúÁöÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â
¼º°øÇßÁö¸¸ ¼¼°è ´ë°øÈ²ÀÇ ³°ü¿¡ ºÀÂøÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºÎºÐÀûÀÎ
ÇØ°áÃ¥À¸·Î ¸Ó¹«¸¦ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
1925~29³â µµ½º´Â Ķºó Äð¸®Áö
ÇàÁ¤ºÎ¿¡¼ ºÎÅë·ÉÀ» Áö³Â°í 1929~32³â¿¡´Â ¿µ±¹ ´ë»ç·Î
Ȱ¾àÇß´Ù. ´ë°øÈ²ÀÌ ÇÑâÀÌ´ø 1932³â¿¡ ±Í±¹ÇÏ¿©
Àç°Ç±ÝÀ¶°ø»ç(RFC)¸¦ À̲ø¾úÀ¸³ª À̳» »çÀÓÇÏ°í ±ÝÀ¶»ç¾÷¿¡
Á¾»çÇß´Ù.
1925³â ¿À½ºÆ° üÀÓ¹ú¸°°ú
ÇÔ²² ³ëº§ ÆòÈ»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇßÀ¸¸ç ¡´´ëÀüÀÏÁö ÓÞîúìíò¼ A
Journal of the Great War¡µ(1921)¡¤¡´ºÎÅë·É ºñ¸Á·Ï Notes as Vice
President¡µ(1935)¡¤¡´ÀüÀï¹è»ó A Journal of Reparations¡µ(1939) µîÀ»
³²°å´Ù.
|