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What I Believe

(³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï´Â°¡)


by Leo Tolstoy

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X. 'MY YOKE IS EASY'

X. ³ªÀÇ ¸Û¿¡´Â °¡º±´Ù

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We say, 'It is difficult to live in accordance with the teaching of Christ!' And how can it but be difficult when we ourselves, by the arrangement of our whole life, laboriously hide our position from our¡©selves and laboriously confirm ourselves in a credu¡©lous belief that our position is not at all what it is, but is quite different? And having called this credulity 'faith', we make of it something sacred, and by every means- by working on their feelings, by threats, flattery, and deception- we allure men to this false credulity. In this demand for credulous belief in the impossible and unnatural we have reached such a pass that the very irrationality of that for which we demand credulous belief is con¡©sidered a sign of its validity. A man, 'a Christian', was found who said, Credo quia absurdum, and other Christians repeated this with enthusiasm, assuming that absurdity is the very best method of teaching people the truth.

¿ì¸®´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡®±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ »ç´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Æ´Ù!¡¯ ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àüü »îÀÇ °èȹ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ã³Áö¸¦ ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ¼û±â°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ã³Áö´Â ÀüÇô ÇöÀçÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ó´çÈ÷ ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â ¸Í¸ñÀûÀÎ ¹ÏÀ½À» ¾Ö½á°¡¸ç ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô È®½Å½Ã۰íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§, ¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡? ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸Í¸ñÀûÀÎ ¹ÏÀ½À» ¡®½Å¾Ó¡¯À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£¸é¼­, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ½Å¼ºÇÏ°Ô ¿©±â°í, ¸ðµç ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼­- ±×µéÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, Çù¹Ú, ¾ÆÃ·, ±â¸¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­- ¿ì¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀÌ·± °ÅÁþµÈ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î À¯È¤ÇÑ´Ù. ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ¸ç ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ¸Í¸ñÀûÀÎ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ä±¸ ¾È¿¡¼­, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸Í¸ñÀûÀÎ ¹ÏÀ½À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ºÒÇÕ¸®¼º ÀÚü°¡ Áø¸®ÀÇ »ó¡À¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Â Áö°æ¿¡ ¿ì¸®´Â µµ´ÞÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡®Credo quia absurdum- ºÒÇÕ¸®Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹Ï´Â´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¡®±âµ¶±³ÀΡ¯ÀÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Àִ°¡ Çϸé, ´Ù¸¥ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº À̰ÍÀ» ¿­Á¤À» °¡Áö°í µÇÇ®ÀÌ Çϸ鼭, ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÔÀÌ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áø¸®¸¦ °¡¸£Ä¡´Â °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.

Recently I had a conversation with a learned and clever man who told me that Christian teaching, as a moral teaching of life, is unimportant. 'All that', said he to me, 'could be found among the Stoics and the Brahmins and in the Talmud. The essence of the Christian teaching is not in that, but in the theosophical teaching expressed in its dogmas.' In other words, not that is precious in Christian teaching which is eternal and common to all mankind, necessary for life and reasonable, but what is important and precious is what is quite unintelligible and therefore un¡©necessary, and for the sake of which millions of people have been slaughtered.

³ª´Â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡, µµ´öÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î¼­ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ³»°Ô ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÇнÄÀÖ°í ¸íöÇÑ »ç¶÷°ú ´ëÈ­¸¦ ³ª´©¾ú´Ù. ±×°¡ ³»°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù, ¡®±×·± ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ½ºÅ侯 ÇÐÆÄ, ¹Ù¶ó¹®±³ ±×¸®°í Å»¹«µå¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ º»ÁúÀº ±×·± °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× ±³¸®¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ½ÅÁöÇÐÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.¡¯ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¸»Çϸé, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ ¾È¿¡¼­, ±ÍÁßÇÑ °ÍÀº ¸ðµç Àηù¿¡°Ô ¿µ¿øÇÏ¸ç °øÅëÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Áß¿äÇÏ°í ¼ÒÁßÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç, À̰ÍÀ» À§Çؼ­ ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇлìµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

We have formed for ourselves a false perception of our life and of the life of the world, based on nothing but our own enmities and personal desires; and we consider belief in this false perception, which is artificially connected with Christ's teaching, to be what is most necessary and important for life. Were it not for this credulous belief in falsehood, which has been maintained among men for centuries, the falsity of our conception of life and the truth of Christ's teaching would long ago have become plain.

¿ì¸®´Â ½º½º·Î¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î°ú ¼¼»óÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÅÁþµÈ ÀνÄÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ¿© ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àû´ë°¨°ú °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¿å¸Áµé¿¡ »Ñ¸®¸¦ µÎ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·± °ÅÁþµÈ ÀνĿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À», ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ¾ïÁö·Î ¿¬°á½ÃÄѼ­, »î¿¡ À־ °¡Àå ÇÊ¿äÇϰí Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©±â°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ö ¼¼±â µ¿¾È »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ Áö¼ÓµÇ¾î¿Â, °ÅÁþ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ¸Í¸ñÀûÀÎ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é, »î°ú ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °³³äÀÇ Ç㱸¼ºÀº Àº ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ µå·¯³µÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

It is terrible to say, but it sometimes appears to me that if Christ's teaching, with the Church teaching which has grown out of it, had not existed at all, those who now call themselves Christians would have been nearer to the truth of Christ-  that is to say, to a reasonable understanding of what is good in life- than they now are. The moral teaching of the prophets of all humanity would not have been closed to them; they would have had their own small preachers of truth and would have believed in them. But now that the whole truth is open to them, that whole truth has seemed so terrible to those whose deeds are evil, that they have reinterpreted it into falsehood, and people have lost their belief in what is true. In our European civilized society, in reply to Christ's statement that he came into the world to witness to the truth and that therefore everyone who is of the truth hears him- people have long ago answered in the words of Pilate, 'What is truth?' Those words, which so bitterly and profoundly expose the mental condition of one Roman ruler we have accepted seriously and have adopted as our belief. All in our world live, not merely without the truth, not merely without a desire to know it, but with a firm con¡©viction that of all useless occupations the most use¡©less is the search for truth defining human life.

¸»Çϱâ´Â µÎ·ÆÁö¸¸, ±×·¯³ª ³»°Ô À־ ¶§·Î´Â, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ºÀåÇØ¿Â ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ÇÔ²², ÀüÇô Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, ¿À´Ã³¯ ÀڽŵéÀ» ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀ̶ó ºÎ¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áö±Ý ±×µéÀÇ »óź¸´Ùµµ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Áø¸®¿¡- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, »î¿¡ À־ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¼±ÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇØ¿¡- ÇÑÃþ °¡±î¿ö Áú ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» °Íó·³ ´À²¸Áø´Ù. ¸ðµç ÀηùÀÇ ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÇ µµ´öÀû °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¸·ÇôÁ® ÀÖÁöµµ ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç; ±×µéÀº Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¼³±³ÀÚµéÀ» °¡Á³À» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×µéÀ» ¹Ï¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àüü Áø¸®°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¿­¸®°í, ±×·± Àüü Áø¸®°¡ ÇàÀ§°¡ ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ³Ê¹«³ª µÎ·Æ°Ô ´À²¸Á®¼­, ±×µéÀº Áø¸®¸¦ °ÅÁþÀ¸·Î ÀçÇØ¼®ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹«¾ùÀÌ Áø¸®ÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÔ ±×µéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®¸íÈ­µÈ À¯·´ »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â, ¡®³ª´Â Áø¸®¸¦ Áõ°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿Ô´Ù ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Áø¸®¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª ³ªÀÇ ¸»À» µè´Â´Ù¡¯´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀ¸·Î- »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ºô¶óµµÀÇ ¸» ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ´ë´äÇÏ¿´´Ù, ¡®Áø¸®´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡¯ ÀÌ ¸»À», ÀÌ ¸»Àº ÇÑ ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû »óŸ¦ ³Ê¹«³ª ±íÀÌ ÀÖ°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­, ¿ì¸®´Â ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´À¸¸ç ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº, Áø¸®¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áø¸®¸¦ ¾Ë°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Àǿ嵵 ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç ¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â Àϵé Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½±¸¶ó´Â ±»Àº È®½ÅÀ¸·Î »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù.

The teaching of life- which among all nations before the age of European society was always considered the most important thing, and of which Christ said that it was the one thing needful- this one thing is excluded from our life and from the whole activity of humanity. With this matter the institution which calls itself the Church is occupied: an institution in which all, including even those who are its members, have long ceased to believe. The solitary window towards the light, to which the eyes of all who think or who suffer are directed, has been boarded up. In reply to the question, 'What am I ?' and 'What am I to do ? Can I not aid my life by the teaching of that God who, you say, came to save me?' I am told, 'Obey the demands of the powers that be, and believe in the Church'. 'But why is it so hard for me to live in this world?' asks a despairing voice; 'Why is there all this evil? Is it not possible for me in my own life to abstain from participating in this evil? Can it be that it is im¡©possible to lessen this evil?' They reply: 'It is im¡©possible. Your wish to live your life well and to help others to do the same is pride and a snare. The one thing you can do is to save yourself; that is, to save your soul for a future life. If you do not wish to participate in the evil of the world, retire from it; that path is open to everyone', says the teaching of the Church. 'But know that on choosing that path you must not take part in the life of the world, but must cease to live and slowly kill yourself.' There are two paths, say our teachers: (1) to believe and to obey us and the powers that be and partici¡©pate in the evil we have organized, or (2) to retire from the world and go into a monastery, not sleep¡©ing and not eating, rotting your flesh on the top of a column, bending and unbending and doing nothing of any use to men. Either admit the teach¡©ing of Christ to be impracticable, and therefore acquiesce in the lawlessness of life the Church has sanctified, or renounce life- which is equivalent to slow suicide.

»îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ- À¯·´ »çȸÀÇ ½Ã´ë ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¸ðµç ¹ÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¾ðÁ¦³ª °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁ³´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î, ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù- ÀÌ ÇѰ¡Áö°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸®°í ÀηùÀÇ Àüü Ȱµ¿¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â ½º½º·Î¸¦ ±³È¸¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ±â°ü¿¡ Á¡·É´çÇß´Ù: ÀÌ ±â°üÀº, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ½ÉÁö¾î ±× ±¸¼º¿øÀÎ »ç¶÷µéµµ, ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ¹Ï±â¸¦ Áß´ÜÇß´Ù. »ý°¢ÇÏ°í °íÅë¹Þ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´«ÀÌ °íÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â, ºûÀ» ¸ÂÀÌÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ Ã¢¹®µµ ¸·Çô¹ö·È´Ù. ¡®³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡¯ ±×¸®°í ¡®³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡? ³ª´Â, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î, ³ª¸¦ ±¸¿øÇÏ·¯ ¿Ô´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â ±×·± Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î ³ªÀÇ »îÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ¾ø´Â°¡?¡¯¶ó´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀ¸·Î, ³ª´Â µè´Â´Ù, ¡®Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ±Ç·ÂÀÇ ¸í·É¿¡ º¹Á¾Ç϶ó, ±×¸®°í ±³È¸¸¦ ¹ÏÀ¸¶ó¡¯. ÇÑ Àý¸ÁÀûÀÎ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®°¡ ¹¯´Â´Ù, ¡®±×·±µ¥ ¿Ö ³ª´Â ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ »ì±â°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÈûÀÌ µå´Â°¡? ¿Ö ¸ðµç ¾ÇµéÀº Àִ°¡? ³»°¡ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·± ¾Ç¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀ» ¸·´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº°¡? ÀÌ·± ¾ÇÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀΰ¡?¡¯ ±×µéÀº ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù: ¡®±×°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô »ì°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¶È°°ÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µ½°Ú´Ù´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ý°¢Àº ±³¸¸À̸ç À¯È¤ÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±¸¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù; Áï, ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ »îÀ» À§Çؼ­ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¿µÈ¥À» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¾Ç¿¡ Âü¿©Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±× ±æÀº ´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª ¿­·ÁÀÖ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¡®±×·¯³ª ±× ±æÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÔ¿¡ À־, ´ç½ÅÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ »î¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, »ì±â¸¦ Áß´ÜÇÏ¸ç ¼­¼­È÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¶ó.¡¯ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±³»çµéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, µÎ °¡Áö ±æµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: (1) ¿ì¸®¿Í Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ±Ç·ÂÀ» ¹Ï°í µû¸£¶ó ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®°¡ Á¶Á÷ÇÑ ¾Ç¿¡ Âü¿©Ç϶ó, ¶Ç´Â (2) ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ¶°³ª¶ó ±×¸®°í ¼öµµ¿ø¿¡ µé¾î°¡¶ó, ÀÚÁöµµ ¸ÔÁöµµ ¸»¶ó, ´ç½ÅÀÇ À°½ÅÀ» ±âµÕÀ§¿¡¼­ ½âÇô¶ó, ±×¸®°í ¸Å´Ù°¡ Ç®´Ù°¡ Çϸ鼭 »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾µ¸ð ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇà ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±³È¸°¡ ½Å¼ºÇÏ°Ô ¿©±â´Â »îÀÇ ¹«Áú¼­¿¡ ¹¬Á¾Çϰųª, »îÀ» Æ÷±âÇ϶ó- À̰ÍÀº ¼­¼­È÷ ÀÚ»ìÇÔ°ú °°Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Astonishing (to anyone who understands Christ's teaching) as is the delusion which admits Christ's teaching to be very good for men but impracticable, still more amazing is that delusion which acknowledges that a man who wishes to carry out the teaching of Christ not in words only but in deeds, ought to retire from the world.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸Å¿ì ÁÁÁö¸¸ ½ÇÇà ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â ¸Á»óÀÌ (±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â) ³î¶ó¿î ÀÏÀÌÁö¸¸, ´õ¿í ³î¶ó¿î °ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¸»·Î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇàÀ§·Î¼­ ½ÇÇàÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ÀºÅðÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¸Á»óÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The delusion that it is better for men to with¡©draw from the world is an old delusion, familiar long ago to the Jews, but quite foreign to the spirit not only of Christianity but even to that of Judaism. Against that fallacy, long before the time of Christ, was written the story of the prophet Jonah of which Christ was so fond and which he so often quoted. The thought of that story from beginning to end is identical. Jonah, the prophet, wishes personally, by himself alone, to be a just man, and he with¡©draws from among depraved people, but God shows him that he is a prophet and that therefore it is necessary that he should impart his knowledge to the people who are in error, and so he should not flee from the erring people, but should live in contact with them. Jonah despises the depraved Ninevites and flees from them; but, try as he may to escape from his destiny, God brings him back to the Ninevites by means of the whale, and what God desires is accomplished, namely, the Ninevites re¡©ceive God's teaching from Jonah, and their life becomes better. But Jonah, far from being glad that he is the instrument of God's will, is dis¡©contented, and is jealous of God's favor to the Ninevites, and would like to be reasonable and good alone by himself. He withdraws into the desert, weeps over his fate, and reproaches God: then a gourd grows up in one night over him and shields him from the sun, and in another night a worm eats the gourd, and Jonah reproaches God still more desperately because the gourd he valued has been lost. Then God says to him, 'You regret the gourd you call yours, which grew up in one night; but do I not regret the great people which was perishing, living like beasts unable to distinguish their right hand from their left? Your knowledge of the truth was only of value if it was communicated to those who had it not'.

»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ¹°·¯³ª´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁ´Ù´Â ¸Á»óÀº °ú°ÅÀÇ ¸Á»óÀ̸ç, ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ À¯ÅÂÀε鿡°Ô Àͼ÷ÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Á¤½Å¿¡ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ½ÉÁö¾î À¯´ë±³ÀÇ Á¤½Å¿¡µµ ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±Ëº¯¿¡ ¹Ý¹ÚÇÏ¿©, ±×¸®½ºµµ ½Ã´ëº¸´Ù ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡, ¼±ÁöÀÚ ¿ä³ªÀÇ À̾߱Ⱑ ¾²¿©Á³À¸¸ç, ÀÌ À̾߱⸦ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ¿© ÀÚÁÖ ÀοëÇß´Ù. ½ÃÀÛºÎÅÍ ¸¶Áö¸·±îÁö ÀÌ À̾߱âÀÇ »ç»óÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. ¼±ÁöÀÚÀÎ ¿ä³ª´Â, ÀÚ±â È¥ÀÚ¸¸ ÀÇ·Î¿î »ç¶÷ÀÌ µÇ±â¸¦ ¸ô·¡ ¿øÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â Ÿ¶ôÇÑ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¶°³­´Ù, ±×·¯³ª Çϳª´ÔÀº ±×°¡ ¼±ÁöÀÚÀ̸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×ÀÇ Áö½ÄÀ» °ú¿À¸¦ ¹üÇϰí ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇÊÈ÷ ÀüÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ±×·¡¼­ ±×´Â Ÿ¶ôÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ µµ¸Á°¡¼­´Â ¾ÈµÇ¸ç, ±×µé°ú Á¢ÃËÇÏ¸ç »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù. ¿ä³ª´Â Ÿ¶ôÇÑ ´Ï´À¿þ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °æ¸êÇÏ°í ±×µé·ÎºÎÅÍ µµ¸Á°£´Ù; ±×·¯³ª, ±×°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Å»ÃâÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏÁö¸¸, Çϳª´ÔÀº °í·¡¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±×¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ´Ï´À¿þ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô µ¥·Á´Ù ³õ´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼ºÃëµÈ´Ù, °á±¹, ´Ï´À¿þ »ç¶÷µéÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¿ä³ª·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Þ°ÔµÇ¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ »îÀº ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ä³ª´Â, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀÇ µµ±¸°¡ µÈ °ÍÀ» ±â»µÇϱâ´ÂÄ¿³ç, È­¸¦ ³»¾úÀ¸¸ç, ´Ï´À¿þ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ È£ÀÇ¿¡ ÁúÅõ¸¦ ´À³¤´Ù ±×¸®°í Àڱ⸸ÀÌ È¦·Î Çö¸íÇÏ°í ¼±ÇØÁö°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â »ç¸·À¸·Î ¶°³ª¸ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» ÇÑźÇϸç Çϳª´ÔÀ» ºñ³­ÇÑ´Ù: ±×·¯ÀÚ ÇÏ·í¹ã»çÀÌ¿¡ ¹Ù°¡Áö Çϳª°¡ ±×ÀÇ À§·Î ÀÚ¶ó¼­ Å¾çÀ» ¸·¾Æ¹ö¸°´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ´ÙÀ½³¯ ¹ú·¹°¡ ¹Ù°¡Áö¸¦ ÆÄ¸Ô¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ä³ª´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´ø ¹Ù°¡Áö°¡ ¾ø¾îÁ®¼­ ´õ¿í ºñÅëÇÏ°Ô Çϳª´ÔÀ» ºñ³­ÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¶§ Çϳª´ÔÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¡®³Ê´Â ¹Ù°¡Áö¸¦ ³× °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ±× ¹Ù°¡Áö°¡ ¾ø¾îÁø °ÍÀ» ¾Ö¼®ÇØ ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±× ¹Ù°¡Áö´Â ÇÏ·í¹ã »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÚ¶ú´Ù°¡ ÇÏ·í¹ã »çÀÌ¿¡ »ç¶óÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ Áü½Âó·³ »ýȰÇϸ鼭 ¿À¸¥¼Õ°ú ¿Þ¼ÕÀ» ±¸º°Ä¡ ¸øÇÏ¸ç ¸ê¸ÁÇØ°¡´Â Àú ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾Ö¼®ÇØ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´À³Ä? ³ÊÀÇ Áø¸®ÀÇ Áö½ÄÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®¸¦ °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀüÇØÁú ¶§¿¡ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯

Christ knew the story and frequently quoted it, and we are also told in the Gospels how Christ himself after visiting John the Baptist, who had withdrawn into the desert, underwent that same temptation before commencing his own preaching, and how he was led away by the devil (by a decep¡©tion) into the desert to be tempted, and how he conquered that deception and in the strength of his Spirit returned into Galilee, and how from that time on, he did not avoid depraved people, but spent his life among publicans, Pharisees, and sinners, teach¡©ing them the truth (Luke iv. 1).

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÌ À̾߱⸦ ¾Ë¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÚÁÖ ÀοëÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­, ±×¸®½ºµµ Àڽŵµ »ç¸·¿¡ È¥ÀÚ ¸Ó¹°´ø ¼¼·Ê ¿äÇÑÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ°í¼­, ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àüµµ¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ Àü¿¡, ¶È °°Àº ½ÃÇèÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ç¸¶¿¡°Ô À̲ø¸®¾î ½ÃÇèÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ ¼ÓÀÓÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿µÀÇ ÈûÀ¸·Î °¥¸±¸®¿¡ µ¹¾Æ ¿Ô´ÂÁö¸¦, ±×¸®°í ±× ÈÄ·Î, ±×´Â Ÿ¶ôÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÇÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ »îÀ» ¼¼¸®µé, ¹Ù¸®»õÀεé, ±×¸®°í ÁËÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ±×µé¿¡°Ô Áø¸®¸¦ °¡¸£Ä¡¸é¼­ º¸³Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Ù(´©°¡º¹À½ 4Àå 1Àý).

According to Church teaching, Christ, the God-Man, gave us an example of life. The whole of the life of Christ known to us was led in the very whirl¡©pool of life among publicans and adulterers in Jerusalem, and with the Pharisees. The chief in¡©junctions of Christ were love of one's neighbor and the preaching of the truth to others; the one and the other demand continual intercourse with the world. Suddenly out of this is deduced the conclusion that according to the teaching of Christ one should with¡©draw from everything, have nothing to do with anyone, and stand on a column. In order to follow the example of Christ it appears that one must do exactly the opposite of what he taught and of what he did. The teaching of Christ, according to Church commentators, is presented both for worldly people and also for the Religious Orders not as a teaching of life- how to make it better for ourselves and for others- but as a teaching of what the worldly people, while living badly, should believe in order to save themselves in the next world; and for the Religious Orders, how to make this life still worse for themselves than it is.

±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, ½ÅÀÌÀÚ »ç¶÷À̾úÀ¸¸ç, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »îÀÇ º»À» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ »îÀÇ ÀüºÎ´Â ¿¹·ç»ì·½ÀÇ ¼¼¸®µé°ú â³àµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ±×¸®°í ¹Ù¸®»õÀεé°ú ÇÔ²² »îÀÇ ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ ÀÚü¿¡¼­ º¸³Â´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ¸í·ÉÀº ÀÌ¿ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û°ú Áø¸®¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀüÆÄÇ϶ó´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù; ÀÌ µÎ °¡Áö ¸í·ÉÀº ¼¼»ó°úÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ±³·ù¸¦ ¿äÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ °©ÀÚ±â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹°·¯³ª¾ß Çϸç, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷°úÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ²÷°í, ±âµÕÀ§¿¡ ¼­ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀÌ À¯µµµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ º»À» µû¸£±â À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×°¡ °¡¸£Ä£ °Í°ú ±×°¡ ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀÇ Á¤¹Ý´ë¸¦ ÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼ºÁ÷Àڵ鿡°Ô »îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§- ¿ì¸® ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ´õ ³ªÀº »îÀ» ¸¸µé °ÍÀΰ¡- À¸·Î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô »ì¸é¼­µµ, ´ÙÀ½ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ÀڽŵéÀ» ±¸¿øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹Ï¾î¾ß Çϴ°¡; ±×¸®°í ¼ºÁ÷Àڵ鿡°Ô´Â, ÇöÀçÀÇ »îÀ» ÀÖ´Â °Í º¸´Ùµµ ´õ Ãß¾ÇÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù.

But that is not what Christ taught. Christ taught truth, and if abstract truth is truth it will also be true in practice; and if life in God is the only true life blessed in itself, then it is true and blessed here on earth, amid all the possible accidents of life. If life here did not confirm the teaching of Christ about life, that teaching would be untrue.

±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£Ä£ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù, ±×¸®°í Ãß»óÀûÀÎ Áø¸®°¡ Áø¸®¶ó¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦¿¡ À־µµ Áø¸®ÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í Çϳª´Ô ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ »îÀÌ ±× ÀÚü·Î¼­ ÇູµÈ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÂüµÈ »îÀ̶ó¸é, ¿©±â ¶¥ À§¿¡¼­µµ, °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç »îÀÇ °æ¿ìµé °¡¿îµ¥¼­µµ Áø¸®À̸ç ÇູÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ À̰÷¿¡¼­ÀÇ »îÀÌ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» È®ÀÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±× °¡¸£Ä§Àº Áø¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ò °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Christ does not call us to something worse instead of something better, but on the contrary to some¡©thing better instead of something worse. He pities people who appear to him like lost sheep perishing without a shepherd, and he promises them a shep¡©herd and good pasture. He says that his disciples will be persecuted for his teaching and will have to suffer and to endure worldly persecution with fortitude, but he does not say that by following his teaching they will suffer more than by following the world's teaching; on the contrary, he says that those who follow the teaching of the world will be unhappy, and those who follow his teaching will be blessed.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ´õ ³ªÀº °Í ´ë½Å¿¡ ´õ ¾ÇÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¹Ý´ë·Î, ´õ ¾ÇÇÑ °Í ´ë½Å¿¡ ´õ ³ªÀº °ÍÀ» ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾çÄ¡±â ¾øÀÌ Á׾´Â ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ¾ç¶¼ °°ÀÌ º¸ÀÌ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÒ½ÖÈ÷ ¿©±ä´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁÁÀº ¸ñÀÚ¿Í ÁÁÀº Ç®¹çÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ ¹ÚÇØ¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ¸ç °­ÀÎÇÔÀ¸·Î ¼¼»óÀÇ ¹ÚÇØ¸¦ Âü¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ º¸´Ùµµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ °íÅë ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ¹Ý´ë·Î, ±×´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̳ª, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ÇູÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

Christ does not teach salvation by faith or by asceticism- that is, by a deception of the imagina¡©tion or by voluntarily tormenting oneself in this life; but he teaches life in which besides salvation from the loss of personal life, there will, here in this world, be less of suffering and more of joy than in a personal life.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ, ¶Ç´Â ±Ý¿å¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ- Áï, »ó»ó¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ±â¸¸À̳ª ÀÌ »î¿¡¼­ ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î Àڽſ¡°Ô °íÅëÀ» °¡ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ-  ±¸¿øÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ Æ÷±â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ±¸¿ø ¿Ü¿¡, ¿©±â ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­, °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î ¾È¿¡¼­ º¸´Ùµµ ´õ ÀûÀº °íÅë°ú ´õ ¸¹Àº ±â»ÝÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »îÀ» °¡¸£Ä£´Ù.

Christ, revealing his teaching, says to people that by following it, even among those who do not follow it, they will not be more unhappy than before but on the contrary will be happier than those who reject it. He says that there is true worldly advantage in not taking thought for the worldly life.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹àÈ÷¸é¼­, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸¥´Ù¸é, ½ÉÁö¾î °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­µµ, ±×µéÀº ÀÌÀü º¸´Ùµµ ´õ ºÒÇàÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×·¯³ª ¹Ý´ë·Î °¡¸£Ä§À» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé º¸´Ùµµ ´õ Çàº¹ÇØÁú °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ¼¼»óÀûÀÎ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý°¢À» ÃëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À¸·Î½á ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¼¼»óÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

'And Peter began to say unto him: Behold we have left all and followed thee; what shall we receive?' Jesus answered him and said, 'Verily, I say unto you, there is not one who has left home, or brother, or sister, or father, or mother, or wife, or child, or lands, for my sake and the Gospel's, who will not receive now, in this time, amid persecutions, a hundred times more houses, and brethren, and sisters, and fathers, and mothers, and children, and lands, and in the age to come life eternal'. (Matt. xix. 27, 2Q; Mark x. 28-30; Luke xviii. 28-30.)

¡®ÀÌ¿¡ º£µå·Î°¡ ¿©Â¥¿Í °¡·ÎµÇ º¸¼Ò¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ÁÖ¸¦ ¦i¾Ò³ªÀÌ´Ù ±×·±Áï ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¾òÀ¸¸®À̱î? ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼­ °¡¶ó»ç´ë ³»°¡ Áø½Ç·Î ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô À̸£³ë´Ï ³ª¿Í ºû º¹À½À» À§ÇÏ¿© ÁýÀ̳ª ÇüÁ¦³ª Àڸųª ¾î¹Ì³ª ¾Æºñ³ª ÀÚ½ÄÀ̳ª ÀüÅ並 ¹ö¸° ÀÚ´Â ±Ý¼¼¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áý°ú ÇüÁ¦¿Í ÀÚ¸Å¿Í ¸ðÄ£°ú Àڽİú ÀüÅ並 ¹é¹è³ª ¹ÞµÇ Ç̹ÚÀ» °âÇÏ¿© ¹Þ°í ³»¼¼ÀÇ ¿µ»ýÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÒ ÀÚ°¡ ¾ø´À´Ï¶ó. (¸¶Åº¹À½ 16Àå 27, 29Àý; ¸¶°¡º¹À½ 10Àå 28-30Àý; ´©°¡º¹À½ 18Àå 28-30Àý )

Christ, it is true, says that those who follow him will be persecuted by those who do not listen to him, but he does not say that the disciples will lose any¡©thing thereby; on the contrary, he says that his disciples will have more of joy here in this world than those who do not follow him.

Áø½Ç·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ±×¸¦ µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×ÀÇ ¸»À» µèÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¹ÚÇØ¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÀÒ¾î ¹ö¸± °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ¹Ý´ë·Î, ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ¿©±â ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ±×¸¦ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé º¸´Ùµµ ´õ ¸¹Àº ±â»ÝÀ» ´©¸± °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

That Christ says and thinks this is shown beyond possibility of doubt by the clearness of his words and the drift of his whole teaching, as well as by his way of life and that of his disciples. But is it true?

±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸»ÇÏ°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº, ±×ÀÇ ¸»µéÀÇ ¸í·áÇÔ°ú ±×ÀÇ Àüü °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÃëÁö »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ »îÀÇ ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀÌ Áø½ÇÀΰ¡?

Examining the abstract question whether the position of the disciples of Christ or of the disciples of the world is the better, one cannot but see that the position of the disciples of Christ should be better, because they, doing good to all men, would not evoke hatred. The disciples of Christ, doing harm to no one, would only be persecuted by evil men, but the disciples of the world would be persecuted by all, since the law of their life is the law of strife- that is to say, the persecution one of another. The chances of suffering are the same for these as for those, with only this difference, that Christ's disciples will be prepared for the sufferings, but the world's disciples will employ all the powers of their souls to escape them; and that Christ's disciples when suffering will think that the world needs their sufferings, but the world's disciples when suffering will not know why they suffer. Arguing in the abstract, the position of Christ's followers should be better than that of those of the world. But is it so in reality?

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ À§Ä¡°¡ ³ªÀºÁö ¼¼»ó °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ³ªÀºÁöÀÇ Ãß»óÀûÀÎ Áú¹®À» °ËÅäÇØº¸¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ À§Ä¡°¡ ´õ ³´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ» ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼±À» ÇàÇϹǷÎ, Áõ¿À¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀº, ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ °Ô¸¸ ¹ÚÇØ¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¼¼»óÀ» µû¸£´Â Á¦ÀÚµéÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹ÚÇØ¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢Àº ÅõÀïÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¼­·Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÚÇØ- À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀÚ³ª ÈÄÀÚ³ª °íÅëÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀº °°À¸³ª, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù, Áï, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀº °íÅëµéÀ» À§¿¡ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀº °íÅëµéÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ Àü½ÉÀü·ÂÀ» ´ÙÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀº °íÅë ¹ÞÀ» ¶§ ¼¼»óÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ °íÅëµéÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇϰÚÁö¸¸, ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀº °íÅë ¹ÞÀ» ¶§ ±×µéÀÌ ¿Ö °íÅë ¹Þ´ÂÁö ¸ð¸¦ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ãß»óÀûÀÎ Àǹ̿¡¼­ ³íÇÏÀÚ¸é, ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé º¸´Ùµµ ´õ À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Çö½Ç¿¡¼­µµ ±×·²±î?

To verify this let everyone remember all the painful moments of his life, all the physical and spiritual sufferings he has endured and still endures, and ask himself for what has he borne all these misfortunes, for the sake of the world's teaching or for that of Christ's? Let every sincere man re¡©member well his whole life, and he will see that never, not once, has he suffered from obeying the teaching of Christ, but that most of the misfortunes of his life have come about because contrary to his own inclination he has followed the world's teach¡©ing which constrained him.

À̰ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ·Á¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °Þ¾úÀ¸¸ç ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ðµç °íÅ뽺·´´ø ¼ø°£µéÀ», ¸ðµç À°Ã¼Àû Á¤½ÅÀû °íÅëµéÀ» ȸ»óÇÏ°í¼­, ¹«¾ùÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÌ ¸ðµç ºÒÇàµéÀ» Âü¾Ò´ÂÁö, ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§Çؼ­Àΰ¡? ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§Çؼ­Àΰ¡? ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹°¾îº¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¼º½ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àüü »îÀ» ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ±â¾ïÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÇÑ ¹øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °áÄÚ ±×°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» º¹Á¾ÇÔÀ¸·Î °íÅë¹ÞÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×ÀÇ »îÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ºÒÇàÀº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÇÇâ°ú ¹Ý´ë·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¶ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ »ý°Ü³­ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

In my own life, exceptionally fortunate in a worldly sense, I can recall sufferings borne by me in the name of the world's teaching which would be sufficient to supply a good Christian martyr. All the bitterest moments of my life, from the drunkenness and debauchery of student-days, the duels, war, and so on, to that ill-health and those un¡©natural and trying conditions of life in which I now live- all this was martyrdom in the name of the world's teaching.

³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡¼­, ¼¼»óÀûÀÎ Àǹ̿¡¼­ ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î ÇູÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ³ª´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ³»°¡ °ÞÀº °íÅëµéÀÌ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ±âµ¶±³ ¼ø±³ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³¾ ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³ªÀÇ »îÀÇ °¡Àå ¾²¶ó¸° ¸ðµç ¼ø°£µé, ÇÐâ½ÃÀýÀÇ ¼úÃëÇÔ°ú ¹æÅÁÇÔ°ú, °áÅõ, ÀüÀï, µî¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ Áö±Ý ³»°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ³ª»Û °Ç°­°ú ºñÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÌ°í ±«·Î¿î »îÀÇ »óŵé±îÁö- ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¼ø±³µéÀÌ´Ù.

And I speak of my own life, which is exceptionally fortunate in a worldly sense. But how many martyrs are there who have endured and are now enduring, for the sake of the world's teaching, sufferings which I cannot even vividly imagine to myself!

±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ³ªÀÇ »îÀº ¼¼»óÀûÀÎ Àǹ̿¡¼­ ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î ¿îÀÌ ÁÁÀº ÆíÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¼ø±³ÀÚµéÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§ÇÏ¿©, ³»°¡ ½ÉÁö¾î ¼±¸íÈ÷ »ó»óÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Â °íÅëµéÀ» °Þ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Áö±Ýµµ °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀϱî!

We do not see all the difficulty and danger of obeying the world's teaching, merely because we consider that all we endure for it is unavoidable.

¿ì¸®´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇàÇÔÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾î·Á¿ò°ú À§ÇèÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù, ÀÌ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» Âü´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

We have assured ourselves that all these mis¡©fortunes which we inflict on ourselves are necessary conditions of our life, and therefore we are unable to grasp the fact that Christ teaches just how we should free ourselves from these misfortunes and live happily.

¿ì¸® Àڽſ¡°Ô °¡ÇØÁö´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç ºÒÇàµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¶°ÇµéÀ̶ó°í ½º½º·Î È®½ÅÇØ¿Ô´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ Á¤¸» ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÀÌ·± ºÒÇàµé¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª¼­ ÇູÇÏ°Ô »ç´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

To be in a condition to discuss the question which life is happier, we should dismiss that false notion, if only in thought, and look without prejudice within ourselves and around us.

¾î´À ÂÊÀÇ »îÀÌ ´õ ÇູÇÑÁöÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³íÀÇÇÒ »óȲ¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸·Á¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÕÀú ÀÌ·± °ÅÁþµÈ °³³äÀ» Àؾî¹ö¸®°í, »ý°¢¿¡¼­¶óµµ, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾È°ú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­ Æí°ß ¾øÀÌ ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Go among a large crowd of people, especially townsfolk, and notice the wearied, distressed, sickly faces, and then remember your own life and the lives of people about whom you have known; re¡©member all the violent deaths, all the suicides which you have heard, and ask yourself for whose sake was all this suffering, death, and suicidal despair? And you will see, strange as it at first seems, that nine-tenths of these sufferings are en¡©dured for the sake of the world's teaching, that all these sufferings are unnecessary and need not exist, and that the majority of people are martyrs to the world's teaching.

´ë±Ô¸ð ±ºÁßµé, ƯÈ÷ µµ½Ã »ç¶÷µé, ¼ÓÀ» °É¾î °¡º¸¶ó, ±×¸®°í ÁöÃÄÀÖ°í, ±«·Î¿ö Çϸç, º´µç ¾ó±¼µéÀ» º¸¶ó, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î°ú ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¾ïÇØº¸¶ó; ¸ðµç Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ Á×À½µé, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÚ»ìµéÀ» ±â¾ïÇØ º¸¶ó, ±×¸®°í ´©±¸¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ÀÌ ¸ðµç °íÅë, Á×À½ ±×¸®°í ÀÚ»ìÀ» ºÎ¸£´Â Àý¸ÁÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ÂÁö? ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹°¾îº¸¶ó. ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº, óÀ½ º¸±â¿¡´Â ÀÌ»óÇØ º¸ÀÏÁö¶óµµ, ÀÌ·± °íÅëµéÀÇ 9ÇÒÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§Çؼ­ °Þ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °íÅëµéÀº ºÒÇÊ¿äÇϸç Á¸ÀçÇÒ Çʿ䵵 ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¼ø±³ÀÚµéÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°Ô °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Recently, one rainy autumn Sunday, I went by tram through the Bazaar at the Sukharev Tower. For nearly half a mile the car made its way through a dense crowd of people who immediately closed in again behind it. From morning to night these thousands of people, of whom most are hungry and ragged, swarm here in the dirt, scolding, cheating, and hating one another. The same thing occurs in all the bazaars of Moscow. The evening is passed by these people in the dram-shops and taverns, the night in their corners and hovels. Sundayis the best day in their week. On Monday, in their infected dens, they will again resume the work they detest.

±Ù·¡¿¡, ¾î´À ºñ¿À´Â °¡À»ÀÇ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ¿¡, ³ª´Â ÀüÂ÷¸¦ Ÿ°í ½ºÄ«·¹ºê Ÿ¿ö ½ÃÀåÀ» Áö³ª°¬´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¹Ý ¸¶ÀÏ µ¿¾È ÀüÂ÷´Â »ª»ªÇÑ ±ºÁßÀ» ¶Õ°í ³ª¾Æ °¬À¸¸ç À̳» µÚ´Â ´Ù½Ã ¸Þ¿öÁ³´Ù. ¾ÆÄ§ºÎÅÍ Àú³á±îÁö ÀÌ ¼öõ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×µéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº, ±¾ÁÖ¸®°í Çæ¹þ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ °÷ ÁøÈëÅÁ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ¿å¼³À» ÆÛº×°í, ¼ÓÀÌ¸ç ¹Ì¿öÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶È °°Àº ÀϵéÀÌ ¸ð½ºÅ©¹ÙÀÇ ½ÃÀåµé¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Ù. Àú³áÀÌ¸é ¼±¼úÁý°ú ´ëÆ÷Áý¿¡ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½Ã°£À» º¸³»¸ç, ¹ãÀÌ µÇ¸é ±×µéÀÇ ±¸¼®¹æµé°ú ¿ÀµÎ¸·À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ °£´Ù. ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡´Â, ¿À¿°µÈ ¼Ò±¼¿¡¼­, ±×µéÀº ´Ù½Ã Áö°Ü¿î ÀÏÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Consider the life of all these people in the positions they left to choose that in which they have placed themselves, and remember the unceasing toil these people voluntarily endure- men and women- and you will see that they are real martyrs.

±×µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÌ À§Ä¡ÇÑ »îÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¶°³­ óÁö¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀ» »ý°¢Çϰí, ±×¸®°í, ³²³à¸¦ ºÒ¹®Çϰí, ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î °¨´çÇÏ´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ³ë¿ªµéÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ±×µéÀÌ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¼ø±³ÀÚµéÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

All these people have left their homes, fields, fathers, brothers, and often their wives and children, and have abandoned everything, even their very lives, and have come to town to acquire that which according to the teaching of the world is considered indispensable for each of them. And they all- not to mention those tens of thousands of unfortunate people who have lost everything and struggle along on garbage and vodka in the doss-houses- they all, from the factory hands, cabmen, seamstresses and prostitutes, to the rich merchants and Ministers of State with their wives, endure the most trying and unnatural manner of life and yet fail to acquire what, according to the teaching of the world, they need.

ÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Áýµé, µéÆÇµé, ¾Æ¹öÁöµé, ÇüÁ¦µé, ±×¸®°í ÈçÈ÷ ±×µéÀÇ ¾Æ³»µé°ú ÀڽĵéÀ» ¶°³µ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹ö·È´Ù, ½ÉÁö¾î ±×µéÀÇ »î¸¶Àúµµ, ±×¸®°í ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ±×µé °¢ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾ø¾î¼­´Â ¾ÈµÉ °ÍµéÀ» ¾ò±â À§ÇÏ¿© µµ½Ã·Î ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ- ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀÒ°í¼­ °ª½Ñ Çϼ÷Áý¿¡¼­ ¾²·¹±â¿Í ¼ú°ú ½Î¿ì´Â ¼ö¸¸ÀÇ ºÒÇàÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸»ÇÒ °Íµµ ¾øÀÌ- ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ, °ø¿øµé, ¸¶ºÎµé, °¡Á¤ºÎµé°ú â³àµé¿¡ºÎÅÍ, ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »óÀÎµé ±×¸®°í ±¹°¡ÀÇ °¢·áµé°ú ±×µéÀÇ ¾Æ³»µé ±îÁö, °¡Àå °íÅ뽺·´°í ºÎÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î »îÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °ßµ®³»Áö¸¸, ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¶ó¼­, ±×µéÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ò´Âµ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ´Ù.

Search among these people for a man, poor or rich, for whom what he earns secures what he considers necessary according to the world's teaching, and you will not find one in a thousand. Everyone struggles with his whole strength to obtain what he does not need, but what is demanded of him by the teaching of the world and the absence of which therefore makes him unhappy. And as soon as he obtains what is required, something else, and again some¡©thing else, is demanded of him, and so this work of Sisyphus continues endlessly, ruining the life of men. Take the ladder of wealth of people who spend from 30 to ¡Ì5,000 a year, and you will rarely find one who is not tormented and worn out with work to obtain ¡Ì40 when he has¡Ì30, and ¡Ì50 when he has ¡Ì40, and so on endlessly. And there is not one who having ¡Ì50 would voluntarily exchange into the way of life of one having ¡Ì40, or if there are such cases the exchange is made not to live more easily, but to save money and hide it away. They all have to burden their already overladen life more and more with work and to devote their life and soul entirely to the service of the world's teaching. Today I obtain a coat and galoshes, tomorrow a watch and chain, after tomorrow a lodging with a sofa and a lamp, then carpets in the sitting-room and velvet clothes, then race-horses and pictures in gilt frames, till finally I fall ill from my excessive labors and die. Another continues the same labor and also sacrifices his life to that same Moloch; he too dies and also does not know why he did what he did. But perhaps the life itself during which a man does all this is happy?

ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷- °ÅÁö¿¡¼­ ºÎÀ¯Ãþ±îÁö, ±×°¡ ¹ú¾î µéÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀ» È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷- À» ã¾Æ º¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é õ¸í Áß¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ¸íµµ ãÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±×¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àü·ÂÀ» ´ÙÇÏ¿© ÅõÀïÇϸç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ±¸ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é ±×´Â ºñÂüÇØÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾òÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °Í, ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ½ÃÁöÇÁ½ºÀÇ °í¿ªÀº ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¾î¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÑ´Ù. ³â°£ 300 ¸¸¿øºÎÅÍ 5¾ï¿øÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ºÎÀÇ ´Ü°è¸¦ ¿¹¸¦ µéÀÚ, ±×·¯¸é 300¸¸¿øÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÌ 400¸¸¿øÀ» ¹ú°íÀÚ ÀÏÇÑ´Ù¸é °íÅë¹Þ°í ÁöÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷À» °ÅÀÇ ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í 400 ¸¸¿øÀ» °¡Á³À» ¶§ 500¸¸¿øÀ» ¹ú°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ °è¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í 500 ¸¸¿øÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÓÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î 400 ¸¸¿øÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø´Ù, ¾Æ´Ï ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·± °æ¿ìµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×·¯ÇÑ ±³È¯Àº ´õ¿í ½±°Ô »ì±â À§Çؼ­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µ·À» Àý¾àÇÏ°í ¼û±â±â À§Çؼ­´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ¹Ì ±×µéÀÇ °úºÎÇÏµÈ »î¿¡ ÀϷμ­ ´õ¿í´õ ÁüÀ» Áö¿ö¾ß Çϸç, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ »ý¸í°ú ¿µÈ¥À» ÀüºÎ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÔ¿¡ ½ñ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿À´Ã ³ª´Â ÄÚÆ®¿Í ¹ÝÀåÈ­¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù, ³»ÀÏÀº ½Ã°è¿Í ½Ã°èÁÙ, ¸ð·¡´Â ¼ÒÆÄ¿Í µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹æ, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ °Å½Ç¿¡´Â Ä«ÆäÆ® ±×¸®°í ºñ´Ü ¿Êµé, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ °æÁÖ¸¶¿Í ±ÝÅ׸¦ µÎ¸¥ ¾×ÀÚ¸¦ ÇÑ ±×¸²µé, ¸¶Ä§³» ³ª´Â °úµµÇÑ ³ëµ¿À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º´ÀÌ µé¾î¼­ Á״´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¶È °°Àº ³ëµ¿À» µÇÇ®ÀÌ Çϸç, ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¶È °°Àº ¸ô·Ï¿¡°Ô ¹ÙÄ£´Ù; ±× ¿ª½Ã Á×°í ¸»¸ç ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇàÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ¿Ö ÇàÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Ȥ½Ã ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È »î ÀÚü´Â ÇູÇÒ±î?

Test that life by the measure of what all men have always described as happiness and you will see that this life is terribly unhappy. Indeed, what are the chief conditions of earthly happiness- those which no one disputes?

¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÇູÀ̶ó°í ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ôµµ·Î ±× »îÀ» ½ÃÇèÇØº¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ÀÌ·± »îÀº ¹«¼·µµ·Ï ºÒÇàÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áø½Ç·Î, Áö»óÀÇ ÇູÀÇ ÁÖµÈ- ¾Æ¹«µµ ³íÀïÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â- Á¶°ÇµéÀº ¹«¾ùÀϱî?

One of the first conditions acknowledged by everyone is that man's union with nature should not be infringed- that is to say, that he should live under the open sky, in the light of the sun and in the fresh air, in contact with the earth, with vegetation, and with animals. All men have always considered that to be deprived of those things was a great misfortune. Men confined in prison feel this deprivation more than anything else. But consider the life of people who live according to the teaching of the world: the more they achieve success accord¡©ing to the world's teaching the more are they de¡©prived of this condition of happiness. The higher they climb in the scale of worldly fortune the less do they see of the light of the sun, of the fields and the woods, and of wild or domestic animals. Many of them, almost all the women, live on to old age seeing the rising of the sun only once or twice in their lives, and never seeing the fields and the woods except from a carriage or a railway train, and not only without having sown or planted anything, or fed or reared cows, horses, or hens, but without even having an idea of how those animals are born, grow, and live. These people only see textiles, stone, and wood shaped by human toil, and that not by the light of the sun but by artificial light. They only hear the sounds of machines, vehicles, cannons, and musical instruments; they smell scents and tobacco-smoke; under their feet and hands they have only textiles, stone, and wood; for the most part, on account of their weak digestions, they eat highly-spiced food that is not fresh. Their movements from place to place do not save them from these deprivations. They move about in closed boxes. In the country and abroad, wherever they go, they have the same textiles and wood under their feet, the same curtains hiding the light of the sun from them, the same footmen, coachmen and porters depriving them of contact with the earth, with plants, and with animals. Wherever they may be they are deprived, like prisoners, of this condition of happiness. As prisoners console themselves with a tuft of grass that grows in the prison yard, with a spider or a mouse, so these people sometimes con¡©sole themselves with puny indoor plants, a parrot, or a monkey, and even these they do not themselves rear.

¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÎÁ¤µÇ´Â ÇູÀÇ Ã¹Â° Á¶°ÇÀº ÀÚ¿¬°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¶È­°¡ ±ú¾îÁ®¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, »ç¶÷Àº Ȱ¦ Æ®ÀÎ ÇÏ´Ã ¾Æ·¡¼­, ÇÞºµÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ½Å¼±ÇÑ °ø±â¸¦ ¸¶½Ã¸ç, ´ëÁö¿Í, ½Ä¹°°ú, ±×¸®°í µ¿¹°µé°ú Á¢ÃËÇϸ鼭 »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Ä¿´Ù¶õ ºÒÇàÀ¸·Î ¿©°å´Ù. °¨¿Á¿¡ °¤Èù »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ÚÅ»°¨À» ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¸¹ÀÌ ´À³¤´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§´ë·Î »ç´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀ» °í·ÁÇØº¸ÀÚ: ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¶ó¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ¼º°øÀ» ÀÌ·ç¸é ÀÌ·ê¼ö·Ï, ±×µéÀº ÀÌ·± ÇູÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ ºÎÀÇ ³ôÀº ´Ü°è·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¡¸é °¥¼ö·Ï ±×µéÀº ÇÞºû, µéÆÇ, ½£, ¾ß»ýÀÇ ¶Ç´Â Áý¾ÈÀÇ µ¿¹°µéÀ» ´õ Àû°Ô º¸°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº, °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿©ÀÚµéÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡, ³ëÀÎÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï »ì¸é¼­ ±×µéÀÇ »ý¾Ö¿¡ ¶°¿À¸£´Â ÇØ¸¦ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ ¹øÀ̳ª µÎ ¹ø ¹Û¿¡ º¸Áö ¸øÇϸç, ¸¶Â÷ ¾È¿¡¼­³ª ±âÂ÷ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¸»°í´Â µéÆÇÀ̳ª ½£À» °áÄÚ º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¾¾¾ÑÀ» »Ñ¸®°í, ¹«¾ùÀ» Àç¹èÇϰųª, ¶Ç´Â ¼Ò³ª ¸»À̳ª ´ßÀ» ¸ÔÀ̰ųª ±â¸¥ ÀûÀÌ ¾øÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌ·± µ¿¹°µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ž°í ÀÚ¶ó°í »ç´ÂÁö »ý°¢ÇØ º» ÀûÁ¶Â÷ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ³ëµ¿À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ¿Ê°¨µé, µ¹, ±×¸®°í ³ª¹«¸¦ º¼ »ÓÀÌ¸ç ±×°Íµµ ÇÞºû ¾Æ·¡¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÎÁ¶ ºÒ ºû ¾Æ·¡¼­ º»´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±â°èµé, ÀÚµ¿Â÷µé, ´ëÆ÷µé, ±×¸®°í ¾Ç±âµéÀÇ ¼Ò¸®¸¸ µè´Â´Ù; ±×µéÀº Çâ¼ö¿Í ´ã¹è ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸Ã´Â´Ù; ±×µéÀÇ ¹ß°ú ¼Õ ¾Æ·¡´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼¶À¯, ¼®Àç, ±×¸®°í ¸ñÀç°¡ ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù; ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î, ±×µéÀÇ ¾àÇÑ ¼ÒÈ­±â´É ¶§¹®¿¡, ±×µéÀº ½ÅÀüÇÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀº ¾ç³äÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ Ä£ À½½ÄÀ» ¸Ô´Â´Ù. À̰÷ Àú°÷À¸·ÎÀÇ ¿©Çàµéµµ ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ÀÌ·± °áÇ̵鿡¼­ ±¸Çس»Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº Æó¼âµÈ »óÀÚ ¾È¿¡¼­ À̸®Àú¸® À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª¶ó ¾È¿¡¼­³ª ¿Ü±¹¿¡¼­³ª, ±×µéÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ °¡µçÁö, ±×µéÀÇ ¹ß ¾Æ·¡´Â ¶È °°Àº õµé°ú ¸ñÀçµéÀÌ ±ò·Á ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶È °°Àº ĿưµéÀÌ ÇÞºûÀ» °¡¸®°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶È °°Àº ÇÏÀÎ, ¸¶ºÎ ±×¸®°í ½ÉºÎ¸§ ²ÛµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ ´ëÁö, ½Ä¹°µé ±×¸®°í µ¿¹°µé°úÀÇ Á¢ÃËÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ »©¾Ñ´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖÀ»Áö¶óµµ ±×µéÀº, ¸¶Ä¡ Á˼öµéó·³, ÀÌ·± ÇູÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ Á˼öµéÀÌ °¨¿ÁÀÇ ¶ã¿¡ ÀÚ¶ó´Â ÇÑ ÁÜÀÇ Àܵð, °Å¹Ì³ª Áã¿¡ ½º½º·Î À§¾ÈÀ» ¾òµíÀÌ, ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéµµ ¶§·Î´Â º¸Àß °Í ¾ø´Â ½Ç³»¿ë ½Ä¹°, ¾Þ¹«»õ, ¶Ç´Â ¿ø¼þÀ̸¦ º¸°í À§¾ÈÀ» ¾òÁö¸¸, ½ÉÁö¾î À̰͵鵵 ±×µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î ±â¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

Another undoubted condition of happiness is work; in the first place voluntary work which one is fond of, and secondly physical work which gives one an appetite and sound, restful sleep. Again the more good fortune people have secured according to the world's teaching, the more are they deprived of this second condition of happiness. All the fortunate ones of the world, the men in important places and the rich, either live like prisoners, quite deprived of work and vainly struggling with diseases that arise from the absence of physical labor, and still more vainly with the ennui which overcomes them (I say vainly, because work is only joyous when it is undoubtedly needful- and they need nothing), or they do work they hate, as bankers, public prosecu¡©tors, governors, or ministers, while their wives arrange drawing-rooms, china, and costumes for themselves and their children. (I say hateful be¡©cause I have never yet met one of them who praised his occupation, or did it with even as much pleasure as that with which a porter clears away the snow from before the house.) All these fortunate people are either deprived of work or are burdened with work they dislike-  that is to say, they find themselves in the position in which prisoners are placed.

ÇູÀÇ È®½ÇÇÑ ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÌ´Ù; ù°´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ ³ëµ¿À̸ç, µÑ°´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ½Ä¿å°ú °Ç°­ÇÏ°í ¾È¶ôÇÑ ÀáÀ» ÁÖ´Â À°Ã¼Àû ³ëµ¿ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§´ë·Î ´õ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ºÎ¸¦ È®º¸Çϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ±×µéÀº ´õ¿í ÀÌ·± ÇູÀÇ µÑ° Á¶°ÇÀ» ÀÒ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿îÁÁÀº »ç¶÷µé, Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ »ç¶÷µé, ºÎÀÚµéÀº, ÀºÇà°¡, º¯È£»ç, Áö»ç, Àå°üÀÇ Á÷Ã¥À» °¡Áö°í, Á˼öó·³ »ì°Å³ª ³ëµ¿À» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »©¾Ñ±â°í À°Ã¼Àû ³ëµ¿ÀÇ °á¿©·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© »ý±â´Â Áúº´µé°ú ÇêµÇÀÌ ½Î¿ö¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ±×µéÀ» µÚµ¤´Â ±ÇÅÂ¿Í ´õ¿í ÇêµÇÀÌ ½Î¿ì°í Àְųª(³ª´Â ÇêµÇÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ³ëµ¿Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§¸¸ Áñ°Å¿î °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù), ±×µéÀÌ ½Ç¾îÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» Çϸç, ÇÑÆí ±×µéÀÇ ¾Æ³»µéÀº ±×µé Àڽŵé°ú ÀÚ³àµéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÀÁ¢½Ç, Á¢½Ã, ±×¸®°í ÀǺ¹µéÀ» Á¤¸®ÇÑ´Ù. (³ª´Â ½È¾îÇÏ´ÂÀ̶ó´Â ¸»À» ÇÑ´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ³ª´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ¶óµµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á÷¾÷À» ĪÂùÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» ¸¸³ªÁö ¸øÇßÀ¸¸ç, ½ÉÁö¾î ¹®Áö±â°¡ Áý ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ´«À» ¾µ¾î³»´Â Á¤µµÀÇ Áñ°Å¿ò ¸¸ÀÌ¶óµµ °¡Áø »ç¶÷À» °áÄÚ ¸¸³ªÁö ¸øÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.) ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¿îÁÁÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ëµ¿À» ¹ÚÅ»´çÇϰųª ±×µéÀÌ Áö°Ü¿öÇÏ´Â ÀÏ·Î ±«·Î¿öÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù-  ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ Á˼öµéÀÌ Ã³ÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù.

The third indubitable condition of happiness is a family. And again, the further people have advanced in worldly success the less is that happiness accessible to them. Most of them are adulterers, and consciously renounce the happiness of a family, submitting only to its inconveniences. If they are not adulterers, still their children are not a joy to them but a burden, and they deprive themselves of them, trying in every way-  often by most tormenting means- to make their marital unions barren. Or if they have children they are deprived of the joy of intercourse with them. By their rules they have to hand them over to strangers, for the most part quite alien people; first to foreigners, and then to the Government instructors; so that their family only causes them grief, their children from infancy becoming as unhappy as their parents and having only one feeling towards their parents- a desire for their death in order to inherit their pro¡©perty. They are not shut up in prison, but the consequences of their life in regard to their family, are more tormenting than the deprivation of family life to which prisoners are exposed.

ÇູÀÇ È®½ÇÇÑ ¼¼Â° Á¶°ÇÀº °¡Á·ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼¼»óÀûÀÎ ¼º°øÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡¸é °¥¼ö·Ï ±×·± ÇູÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼­ Á¡Á¡ ¸Ö¾îÁø´Ù. ±×µé ´ëºÎºÐÀº °£À½Á˸¦ ÁöÀ¸¸ç, ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Á·ÀÇ ÇູÀ» Æ÷±âÇϰí, ¿ÀÁ÷ °¡Á·ÀÇ ºÒÆíÇÔ¸¸À» ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÐ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ ÇàÀ½ÀÚµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ±×·¸´õ¶óµµ ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô Áñ°Å¿òÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÁüÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ¸ðµç ¼ö´ÜÀ» °­±¸ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÄÀ» °®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á ÇÑ´Ù- °¡²û °¡Àå °íÅëÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©- ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ ºÎºÎ°ü°è¸¦ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï¸é, ±×µéÀÌ Àڳฦ °¡Áø´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ±×µéÀº ÀÚ³àµé°ú ´ëÈ­ÀÇ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ±×µéÀº ÀÚ³àµéÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì ³·¼± »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô, ³Ñ°Ü ÁÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù; ÃÖÃÊ¿¡´Â ¿Ü±¹Àε鿡°Ô, ´ÙÀ½¿£ °ø°ø ±³À°±â°ü¿¡ ³Ñ°Ü¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; ±×·¡¼­ ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á·Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ½½Çĸ¸ ÁÙ »ÓÀ̸ç, ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ºÎ¸ðµé ¸¸Å­À̳ª ºÒÇàÇØÁø´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ºÎ¸ð¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇѰ¡Áö °¨Á¤À» °¡Áø´Ù- ºÎ¸ðÀÇ Àç»êÀ» »ó¼Ó ¹Þ±â À§Çؼ­ ºÎ¸ð°¡ ±×µéÀÌ Áױ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó´Â ¸¶À½»ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ °¨¿Á¿¡ °®Çô ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á·¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ °á°úµéÀº, Á˼öµéÀÌ °Þ´Â °¡Á· »ýȰÀÌ ¾ø´Â °Íº¸´Ùµµ ´õ °íÅ뽺·´´Ù.

The fourth condition of happiness is free, amic¡©able intercourse with all the different people in the world. And again, the higher the rank attained by men of the world the more are they deprived of this chief condition of happiness: the higher, the narrower and the more restricted is the group of people with whom it is possible for them to associate and the lower in mental and moral development are the few people who form the enchanted circle from which there is no escape. For a peasant and his wife intercourse is open with the whole world of mankind, and if one million people do not wish to have intercourse with him he still has eighty millions of people such as himself, laboring people with whom, from Archangel to Astrakhan, without waiting for visits or introductions, he can at once enter into the closest brotherly relations. For an official with his wife there are hundreds of people on the same level as himself, but those above him do not receive him and those below him are all separated from him. For a rich man of the world and his wife a few dozen worldly families are ac¡©cessible, all the rest are cut off from him. For a Minister of State, or a millionaire, and his family, there are a single dozen similarly important or wealthy people. For Emperors and Kings the circle is yet more restricted. Is not this a form of im¡©prisonment in which the prisoner can only have intercourse with two or three warders?

ÇູÀÇ ³×° Á¶°ÇÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé°úÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ ±³Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã, ¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â ÁöÀ§°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁö¸é Áú¼ö·Ï ±×µéÀº ÀÌ·± ÇູÀÇ ÁÖµÈ Á¶°ÇÀ» »©¾Ñ±ä´Ù: ³ô¾ÆÁö¸é Áú¼ö·Ï, ±×µéÀÌ ±³Á¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹üÀ§°¡ ´õ¿í ´õ Á¼¾ÆÁö°í Á¦ÇѵǸç, Å»ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸¶¹ýÀÇ °í¸®¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû µµ´öÀû ¹ßÀüÀÌ ´õ¿í ³·¾ÆÁø´Ù. ³óºÎ¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô´Â Àü¼¼°èÀÇ Àηù·Î ±³Á¦°¡ ¿­·ÁÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ±×¿Í ±³Á¦ÇÏ°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¾ÆÁ÷ ±×¿Í °°Àº ÆÈõ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀº ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé·Î¼­, ¾ÆÅ©¿£Á©¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ¾Æ½ºÆ®¶óÄ­±îÁö, ¹æ¹®À̳ª ¼Ò°³¸¦ ±â´Ù¸²ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ±×´Â ´çÀå ¸Å¿ì Ä£¹ÐÇÑ ÇüÁ¦°ü°è¸¦ ¸ÎÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °ü¸®¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô´Â ±×¿Í ¶È °°Àº ¼öÁØÀÇ ¼ö¹é¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×º¸´Ù ³ôÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ±×º¸´Ù ³·Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ±×¿¡°Ô¼­ ¶³¾îÁ® ³ª°£´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷°ú ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô´Â ¼ö½Ê ¸íÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ °¡Á·µéÀ» ¸¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³ª¸ÓÁöÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×¿¡°Ô¼­ Â÷´ÜµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹°¡ÀÇ Àå°üÀ̳ª ¹é¸¸ÀåÀÚ ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ °¡Á·µé¿¡°Ô´Â, ¿­ ´ñ ¸íÀÇ ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô Áß¿äÇϰųª ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ȲÁ¦µé°ú ¿Õµé¿¡°Ô´Â ±×·¯³ª ´õ¿í Á¦ÇѵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Á˼ö°¡ ´Ü µÎ ¼¼ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °£¼öµé°ú ±³Á¦°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ °¨¿ÁÀÇ ÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡?

Finally, a fifth condition of happiness is a healthy and painless death. And again, the higher people stand on the social ladder the more are they de¡©prived of this condition of happiness. Take for example a moderately rich man and his wife and an average peasant and his wife: notwithstanding all the hunger and excessive toil which, not by his fault but by the cruelty of man, a peasant has to bear, you will see that the lower the healthier and the higher the sicklier are men and women.

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, ÇູÀÇ ´Ù¼¸¹øÂ° Á¶°ÇÀº °Ç°­ÇÏ°í °íÅëÀÌ ¾ø´Â Á×À½ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã, »çȸÀû °è±ÞÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸é ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇູÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÑ´Ù. ¾î´À Á¤µµ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷°ú ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³», ±×¸®°í Æò¹üÇÑ ³óºÎ¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ¿¹·Î µé¾îº¸ÀÚ: ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À߸øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÜÀÎÇÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ºñ·ÔµÇ¾î ³óºÎ°¡ Âü¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¹è°íÇİú °úµµÇÑ ³ëµ¿¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ³²³à ¸ðµÎ ³·À¸¸é ³·À»¼ö·Ï ´õ °Ç°­Çϰí, ³ôÀ¸¸é ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï ´õ º´ÀÌ ¸¹°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Count over in your memory the rich men and their wives you have known or now know, and you will notice that most of them are ill. Among them a healthy man, who is not undergoing treatment continually or periodically summer after summer, is as much an exception as is a sick man among the peasantry. All these fortunate people without ex¡©ception, begin with onanism (which has become in their class a natural condition of development), they all have bad teeth, are all gray or bald at an age when a workman is just reaching his full strength. They are nearly all subject to nervous, digestive, and sexual illnesses from gluttony, drunkenness, debauchery, and doctoring, and those who do not die young spend half their life in being doctored and taking injections of morphia, or are shriveled cripples unfitted to live by their own exertions and capable of existing only like parasites or like those ants who are fed by slave-ants. Con¡©sider their deaths: this one shot himself; that one rotted with syphilis; another old man died from the effects of a stimulant, while another died young from a flogging to which he submitted in his desire for sex-stimulation; one was eaten alive by lice, another by worms; one drank himself to death, another died of over-eating; one from morphia, and another as the result of an abortion. They perish one after another for the sake of the world's teaching. And the crowd throngs after them and seeks, like martyrs, for suffering and destruction.

´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾Ë¾Ò°Å³ª Áö±Ý ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ºÎÀÚµé°ú ±×µéÀÇ ºÎÀεéÀ» ´ç½ÅÀÇ ±â¾ï¿¡¼­ »ý°¢Çغ¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ±×µé ´ëºÎºÐÀº º´µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µé Áß¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² °Ç°­ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº, ¿©¸§¸¶´Ù Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ³óºÎµé Áß¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ º´ÀÚ ¸¸Å­À̳ª ¿¹¿Ü¿¡ ¼ÓÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¿îÀÌ ÁÁÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿¹¿Ü ¾øÀÌ, ÀÚÀ§·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϸç(À̰ÍÀº ±×µéÀÇ °è±Þ¿¡¼­ ¼ºÀåÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù), ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ ¸· ¿Õ¼ºÇÑ Èû¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ³ªÀÌ¿¡, ±×µé ¸ðµÎ´Â Ä¡¾Æ°¡ ³ª»Ú°í, ¸ðµÎ ¸Ó¸®°¡ Èñ¾îÁö°Å³ª ´ë¸Ó¸®°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ °ú½Ä, ÆøÀ½, ¹æÅÁ, ±×¸®°í ¾à¹°Áßµ¶À¸·Î ½Å°æ¼è¾à, ¼ÒÈ­ºÒ·®, ±×¸®°í ¼ºº´¿¡ ½Ã´Þ¸°´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿äÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀ» º´°£È£¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç ¸ð¸£ÇÉÁֻ縦 ¸Â°Å³ª, ¶Ç´Â ½º½º·ÎÀÇ ÈûÀ¸·Î´Â »ì¾Æ°¡±â¿¡ ÀûÇÕÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº ¹«·ÂÇÑ ºÒ±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ¸ç ¿ÀÁ÷ ±â»ýÃæÃ³·³ ¶Ç´Â Àϰ³¹ÌµéÀÌ ¸Ô¿©ÁÖ´Â °³¹Ìµéó·³ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ Á×À½µéÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸¶ó: ÀÌ »ç¶÷Àº ÃÑÀ¸·Î ÀÚ»ìÇϰí; Àú »ç¶÷Àº ¸Åµ¶À¸·Î ¸öÀÌ ½â´Â´Ù; ´Ù¸¥ ³ëÀÎÀº ÈïºÐÁ¦ ³²¿ëÀ¸·Î Á×°í, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷Àº ¼ºÀû ÀÚ±ØÀ» À§ÇØ ¸ÅÁúÀ» ´çÇÏ¿© ¿äÀýÇÑ´Ù; ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »êä·Î ¸ÔÈ÷¸ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷Àº ¹ú·¹¿¡ ¸ÔÈù´Ù; ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº Á×µµ·Ï ¼úÀ» ¸¶½Ã¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷Àº °ú½ÄÀ¸·Î Á״´Ù; ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº ¸ð¸£ÇÉ ¶§¹®¿¡, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷Àº ³«Å ¶§¹®¿¡ Á״´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§ÇÏ¿© Â÷·Ê´ë·Î Á׾´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±ºÁßµéÀº ±×µéÀ» µû¶ó¼­ ¸ô·Á°¡¸ç, ¸¶Ä¡ ¼ø±³ÀÚµéó·³, °íÅë°ú ¸ê¸ÁÀ» ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.

One life after another is flung under the chariot-wheels of that god: the chariot passes on tearing them to pieces, and more and more victims, with groans, cries, and curses, fall beneath it! :

ÇÑ »ý¸í ¶Ç ÇÑ »ý¸íÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ ½ÅÀÇ ¸¶Â÷ ¹ÙÄû ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ³»´øÁ®Áø´Ù: ¸¶Â÷´Â ±×µéÀ» Á¶°¢À¸·Î ¸¸µé¸é¼­ °è¼Ó Áö³ª°£´Ù, ±×¸®°í Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº Èñ»ýÀÚµéÀÌ, ½ÅÀ½°ú ´«¹°°ú ÀúÁÖÀÇ ºñ¸íÀ» Áö¸£¸é¼­, ±× ¾Æ·¡·Î ³Ñ¾îÁø´Ù!

To fulfill the teaching of Christ is hard! Christ says: 'Let him that would follow me leave house, and fields, and brothers, and follow me in God's way, and he shall receive in this world a hundred times more houses, fields, and brothers, and shall also gain eternal life.' And no one follows him. But the teaching of the world says: 'Abandon house, and fields, and brothers, and go from the village to the rotten town. Live all your life as a naked bath-attendant soaping other people's backs amid the steam, or serve in a money-changer's basement-office all your life counting other people's pence; or live as a public prosecutor, spending your whole life in the courts over law-papers and devoting your¡©self to making miserable people's fate yet worse; or as a Minister of State, signing unnecessary papers in a hurry all your life; or as a colonel, killing people all your life- live such a monstrous life as this, always ending in a painful death, and you will neither gain anything in this world nor will you receive life eternal.' And everyone follows this course. Christ said: 'Take up your cross and follow me'- that is to say, endure submissively the fate that has befallen you and obey me, God; and no one follows him. But the first abandoned man wear¡©ing epaulets and fit for nothing but murder, into whose head it enters, says: 'Take, not a cross but a knapsack and rifle, and follow me to all kinds of torment and to certain death'- and all follow him.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Æ´Ù! ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®³ª¸¦ µû¸£·Á´Â ÀÚ´Â Áý, ¹ç, ±×¸®°í ÇüÁ¦µéÀ» ¹ö¸®°í Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±æ ¾È¿¡¼­ ³ª¸¦ µû¸¦¶ó, ±×¸®Çϸé ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ¹é¹èÀÇ Áý, ¹ç, ÇüÁ¦µéÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îÀ» ¾òÀ¸¸®¶ó.¡¯ ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×¸¦ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®Áý, ¹ç, ±×¸®°í ÇüÁ¦µéÀ» ¹ö¸®¶ó ±×¸®°í ½Ã°ñÀ» ¶°³ª Ÿ¶ôÇÑ µµ½Ã·Î °¡¶ó. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀÏ»ýÀ» ¼öÁõ±â ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ µîÀ̳ª ¹Ð¾îÁÖ´Â ¹ú°Å¹þÀº ¶§¹ÐÀÌ·Î »ì¶ó, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀÏ»ýÀ» ȯÀü»óÀÇ ÁöÇÏ »ç¹«½Ç¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Ç¬µ·À̳ª ¼¼¸é¼­ »ì¾Æ¶ó; ¾Æ´Ï¸é °Ë»çó·³ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀÏ»ýÀ» ¹ýÁ¤¿¡¼­ Á¶¼­¿Í ½Î¿ì°í, ºÒ½ÖÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» ´õ¿í ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ Çå½ÅÇ϶ó; ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±¹°¡ÀÇ Àå°üÀ¸·Î, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÇÑ Æò»ý ¼­µÑ·¯¼­ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Â ¼­·ù¿¡ ¼­¸íÇÏ¸ç »ì¾Æ¶ó; ¾Æ´Ï¸é ´ë·ÉÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­ ÇÑ Æò»ý »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á×À̸鼭 »ì¶ó- ¾ðÁ¦³ª °íÅ뽺·± Á×À½À¸·Î ³¡³ª´Â, ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ±«¹° °°Àº »îÀ» »ì¾Æ¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº °áÄÚ ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ¾î´À°Íµµ ¾òÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¿µ¿øÇÑ »îµµ °®Áö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ ±æÀ» µû¶ó°£´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®³× ½ÊÀÚ°¡¸¦ Áö°í ³ª¸¦ µû¸£¶ó¡¯- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ¿î¸íÀ» ¼øÁ¾À¸·Î Àγ»ÇÏ°í ³ª, Çϳª´ÔÀ» µû¸£¶ó; ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×¸¦ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ßÀåÀ» ´Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¾Æ¹« ¾µ¸ð ¾ø°í »ìÀθ¸ ÀÏ»ï´Â óÀ½ÀÇ ÆÄ·ÅÄ¡ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº »ý°¢³ª´Â ´ë·Î ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®½ÊÀÚ°¡¸¦ ÁöÁö ¸»°í ¹è³¶°ú ¼ÒÃÑÀ» °¡Áö°í, ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ °íÅë°ú Ʋ¸²¾ø´Â Á×À½À¸·Î ³ª¸¦ µû¸£¶ó¡¯- ±×¸®°í ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±×¸¦ µû¸¥´Ù.

Having abandoned their families, parents, wives, and children, and having been dressed up like fools and submitted themselves to the authority of the first man of higher rank that they happened to meet: cold, hungry, and exhausted by forced marches, they go like a herd of bullocks to the slaughter; yet they are not bullocks but human beings. They cannot but know that they are being driven to slaughter with the question unanswered- Why? And with despair in their hearts they go: and die of cold, hunger, and infectious diseases, till they are placed under a shower of bullets and cannon-balls and ordered to kill people who are unknown to them. They slay and are slain. And no one of the slayers knows why or wherefore. The Turks roast them alive on the fire, skin them, and tear out their entrails. And again to-morrow someone will whistle, and again all will follow to horrible sufferings, to death, and to obvious evil. And no one considers this hard! Neither those who endure the sufferings, nor their fathers and mothers, consider this difficult. The parents even themselves advise their children to go. It seems to them that not only is this necessary and unavoidable, but that it is also good and moral.

°¡Á·µé, ºÎ¸ðµé, ¾Æ³»µé ±×¸®°í ÀÚ³àµéÀ» ¹ö¸®°í, ¹Ùº¸µéó·³ Â÷·Á ÀÔ°í¼­ óÀ½ ¸¸³­ °íÀ§ Àι°ÀÇ ¸í·É¿¡ ½º½º·Î º¹Á¾ÇÑ´Ù: Ãä°í, ¹è°íÇÁ°í, ±×¸®°í °­Á¦ Ç౺À¸·Î ÁöÃļ­, ±×µéÀº ¸¶Ä¡ µµ»ìÀå¿¡ ²ø·Á°¡´Â ¼Ò¶¼µéó·³ °£´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ¼Ò¶¼µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö?- ±×·¸°Ô ÇØ¾ßÇÏ´ÂÁö ´ë´äµµ ¾òÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤, ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ µµ»ìÀå¿¡ ²ø·Á°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¶À½µé ¼Ó¿¡´Â Àý¸ÁÀ» ´À³¢¸é¼­, ±×µéÀº °£´Ù: ±×¸®°í ÃßÀ§¿Í ¹è°íÇÄ, ±×¸®°í Áúº´À¸·Î Á׾´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ºø¹ßÄ¡´Â ÃѾ˵é°ú ´ëÆ÷¾Ë ¾Æ·¡ ¼­¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á×À̶ó°í ¸í·É¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº Á×ÀÌ°í ¶Ç Á×ÀδÙ.±×¸®°í »ìÀÎÀÚµé ÁßÀÇ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ¿Ö ¶Ç´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» À§Çؼ­ÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. Å;îŰÀεéÀº ±×µéÀ» »ê ä·Î ºÒ¿¡ ±Á°í, ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á×À» ¹þ±â°í ±×µéÀÇ ³»ÀåÀ» Âõ¾î¹ö¸°´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ³»ÀÏÀº ´©±º°¡°¡ È£·ç¶ó±â¸¦ ºÒ°í, ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÀüÀ²½º·¯¿î °íÅëµé, Á×À½, ±×¸®°í Ʋ¸²¾ø´Â ¾ÇÀ¸·Î µû¶ó°£´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ À̰ÍÀ» ¾î·Æ´Ù°í ¿©±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù! ±×·± °íÅëµéÀ» °Þ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̳ª, ±×µéÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöµé, ¾î¸Ó´Ïµéµµ, À̰ÍÀ» ¾î·Æ´Ù°í ¿©±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ºÎ¸ðµé ½º½º·Î°¡ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô °¡¶ó°í ±ÇÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µé¿¡°Ô À־ ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀº ÇÊ¿äÇϰí ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼±ÇÏ°í µµ´öÀûÀÎ ÀÏó·³ ´À²¸Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

It would be possible to believe that the fulfillment of Christ's teaching is difficult and terrible and tormenting, if the fulfillment of the world's teaching were easy, safe, and pleasant. But in fact the fulfillment of the world's teaching is much more dangerous and tormenting than the fulfillment of Christ's teaching.

¸¸ÀÏ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇàÇÔÀÌ ½±°í, ¾ÈÀüÇϸç, ±×¸®°í À¯ÄèÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ÀÌÇàÀÌ ¾î·Æ°í, ¹«¼­¿ì¸ç, °íÅ뽺·¯¿î °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç½Ç ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇàÇÔÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇàÇÔ º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ À§ÇèÇÏ°í °íÅ뽺·´´Ù.

There used, it is said, to be Christian martyrs, but they were the exception; they have been reckoned at 380,000- voluntary and involuntary, in 1800 years. But count the worldly martyrs, and for each Christian martyr you will find a thousand worldly martyrs whose sufferings are a hundred times more terrible. Those slain in war, during the present century, are reckoned at thirty millions.

ÇÑ ¶§´Â ±âµ¶±³ ¼ø±³ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ¿¹¿Ü¿´´Ù; ±×µéÀº- ÀÚÀǵç ŸÀǵç 180³â µ¿¾È- 38¸¸ ¸íÀ¸·Î Ãß»êµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¼ø±³ÀÚµéÀ» ¼¼¾îº¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ±âµ¶±³ ¼ø±³ÀÚ ÇÑ ¸í´ç ¼öõ¸íÀÇ ¼¼»ó ¼ø±³ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ °íÅëÀº ¹é¹è ÀÌ»óÀ̳ª ´õ ¹«¼­¿î °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¼¼±â¿¡, ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ »ìÇØµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼ö´Â 3000¸¸ ¸íÀ̳ª µÈ´Ù.

Now these were all martyrs to the world's teach¡©ing, who needed not even to follow the teaching of Christ but simply to abstain from following the teaching of the world, in order to have escaped from suffering and death.

¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ¼¼»ó °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¼ø±³ÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ½ÉÁö¾î ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °íÅë°ú Á×À½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Å»ÃâÇϱâ À§Çؼ­µµ, ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

A man need only do what he wishes to do-¡©refuse to go to war- he will be set to dig trenches, but will not be tormented in Sevastopol or Plevna. A man need but disbelieve the world's teaching that he must wear over-shoes and a watch-chain and have a drawing-room he does not need, and that he must do all the stupid things demanded of him by the world's teaching, and he will not be exposed to excessive toil and suffering, never-ending cares, and work without rest or aim; he will not be deprived of intercourse with nature, will not be deprived of congenial work, of family, and of health, and will not perish by a senseless and tormenting death.

»ç¶÷Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°¡ ÇàÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °Í- ÀüÀï¿¡ ³ª°¡±â¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °Í- À» ÇÏ¸é µÉ »ÓÀÌ´Ù- ±×´Â ÂüÈ£¸¦ ÆÄµµ·Ï ¸í·É¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ¼¼¹Ù½ºÅçÀ̳ª Ç÷¹ºê³ª¿¡¼­ °í¹®À» ´çÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã µ¡½ÅÀ» ½Å°í ½Ã°èÁÙÀ» Â÷¸ç, ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀº ÀÀÁ¢½ÇÀ» °¡Á®¾ß Çϰí, ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÁþµéÀ» ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ºÎÁ¤Çϱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù, ±×·¯¸é ±×´Â °úµµÇÑ ³ë¿ª°ú °íÅë, ³¡¾ø´Â ±Ù½Éµé, ±×¸®°í ÈÞ½ÄÀ̳ª ¸ñÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â ³ëµ¿¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×´Â ÀÚ¿¬°úÀÇ ±³Á¦µµ »ó½Ç´çÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀڱⰡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ÀÏ, °¡Á·, °Ç°­À» ÀÒÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ¹«ÀǹÌÇÏ¸ç °íÅë¹Þ´Â Á×À½À¸·Î ¼Ò¸êµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

It is not necessary to be a martyr in Christ's name- that is not what he teaches. He only bids us cease to torment ourselves in the name of the world's false teaching.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¼ø±³ÀÚ°¡ µÉ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù- ±×°ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£Ä¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¼¼»óÀÇ °ÅÁþµÈ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ÀÚ±âÀÚ½ÅÀ» °í¹®Çϱ⸦ Áß´ÜÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¸í·ÉÇÑ´Ù.

Christ's teaching has a profound metaphysical meaning, it has an all-human meaning, and it has the simplest, clearest, and most practical meaning for the life of every single man. That last meaning can be expressed thus: Christ teaches men not to commit stupidities. Therein lies the simplest mean¡©ing of Christ's teaching, accessible to all.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ½É¿ÀÇÑ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀû Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ´Ù, ±×°ÍÀº Àü ÀηùÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµç °³ÀÎÀÇ »îÀ» À§ÇÑ °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇϸç, °¡Àå ¸í·áÇϰí, ±×¸®°í °¡Àå ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ´Ù. ±× ¸¶Áö¸· Àǹ̴ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù: ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÀϵéÀ» ÀúÁö¸£Áö ¸»¶ó°í °¡¸£Ä£´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ¿©±â¿¡, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Àû¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù

Christ says: Do not be angry, do not consider any¡©one your inferior- to do so is stupid. If you get angry and insult people it will be the worse for you. Christ also says: Do not run after women, but unite with one woman and live with her- it will be better for you so. He also says: Do not promise anything to people, or else they will oblige you to do stupid and evil actions. He also says: Do not return evil for evil, or the evil will return to you yet more bitterly than before: like the heavy log suspended over the store of honey, which kills the bear. He also says: Do not consider men foreign to you merely because they live in another country and speak another language. If you consider them as enemies and they consider you such, it will be worse for you. So do not commit all these stu¡©pidities, and it will be better for you.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: È­¸¦ ³»Áö ¸»¶ó, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» ³ÊÈñº¸´Ù ¿­µîÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±âÁö ¸»¶ó- ±×·¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¾î¸®¼®´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ³ÊÈñ°¡ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô È­¸¦ ³»°í ¿åÀ» ÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô´Â ´õ¿í ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¿©ÀÚµéÀÇ ²Ç¹«´Ï¸¦ Á¿Áö ¸»°í, ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ¿Í ÇÑ ¸öÀÌ µÇ¾î »ì¾Æ¶ó- ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ´õ ³ªÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹«¾ùÀÌµç ¾à¼ÓÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±×µéÀº ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¾î¸®¼®°í ¾ÇÇÑ ÇൿµéÀ» Ç϶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¾ÇÀ» ¾ÇÀ¸·Î °±Áö ¸»¶ó, ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ±× ¾ÇÀº ÀÌÀüº¸´Ù ´õ¿í °­ÇÏ°Ô ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô µ¹¾Æ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¸¶Ä¡ ²ÜÅë À§ÀÇ ¹«°Å¿î Å볪¹«°¡ °õÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â °Íó·³. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶ó¿¡ »ì°í ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿©, »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ³·¼± »ç¶÷À¸·Î ¿©±âÁö ¸»¶ó. ¸¸ÀÏ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ±×µéÀ» ¿ø¼öµé·Î ¿©±â°í ±×µéÀÌ ³ÊÈñµéÀ» ±×·¸°Ô ¿©±ä´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ´õ ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÀϵéÀ» ÀúÁö¸£Áö ¸»¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ±×°ÍÀº ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ´õ¿í º¹ÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

'Yes', people reply, 'but the world is so arranged that to resist its arrangements is more painful than to live in accord with them. If a man refuses military service he will be sent to a fortress and perhaps shot. If a man does not safeguard his life by acquiring the property he and his family need, he and they will die of hunger.' So people say, trying to defend the world's arrangement, but they do not think so themselves. They only speak so because they cannot deny the justice of the teaching of Christ in whom they are supposed to believe, and they must justify themselves in some way for not fulfilling that teaching. They not only do not think this, but they have never even thought about the matter at all. They believe the world's teaching and merely employ the excuse the Church has taught them, to the effect that if one fulfils Christ's teach¡©ing one must endure great suffering; and therefore they have never even tried to fulfill it. We see the innumerable sufferings people endure for the sake of the world's teaching, but in our time we never see sufferings for the sake of Christ's teaching at all. Thirty millions have perished for the world's teach¡©ing in warfare; thousands of millions have pined in a tormenting life for the sake of the world's teaching, while I know not only no millions, but not even thousands or dozens, or even one single man, who has perished by death or by a painful life of hunger and cold for the sake of Christ's teaching. It is only a ridiculous excuse, showing to what a degree Christ's teaching is unknown to us. Not only do we not share it, we have never even seriously con¡©sidered it. The Church has been at pains to explain Christ's teaching so that it has appeared to us not as a teaching of life but as a bugbear.

»ç¶÷µéÀº ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù: ¡®¿Ç´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¼¼»óÀº ±×·¸°Ô Á¶Á÷µÇ¾î À־ ±× Á¦µµµé¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±×°Íµé¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î »ç´Â °Í º¸´Ùµµ °íÅ뽺·´´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ º´¿ªÀǹ«¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×¸¥ °¨¿Á¿¡ º¸³»Á®¼­ ÃÑ»ì´çÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ °¡Á·ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Àç»êÀ» ȹµæÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×¿Í ±×µéÀº ±¾¾î Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¸é¼­ ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¦µµ¸¦ ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀº ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Á¤ÀǷοòÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Îµç ±×·± °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ½º½º·Î¸¦ Á¤´çÈ­ ½ÃÄѾ߸¸ Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº À̰ÍÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µéÀº ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½ÉÁö¾î ÀüÇô »ý°¢Á¶Â÷ ÇØº¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹ÏÀ¸¸ç ±³È¸°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô °¡¸£ÃÄÁØ º¯¸íÀ» ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù, °á±¹¿¡´Â ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÌÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¾öû³­ °íÅëÀ» °Þ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»Çϸ鼭, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ½ÉÁö¾î ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÏ·Á´Â ½ÃµµÁ¶Â÷ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§Çؼ­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °Þ´Â ¹«¼öÇÑ °íÅëµéÀ» º»´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§ÇÑ °íÅëÀº °áÄÚ º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. »ïõ¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§Çؼ­ ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î Á×¾ú´Ù; ¸î ½Ê¾ïÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» À§Çؼ­ °íÅ뽺·¯¿î »îÀ¸·Î »ç¶óÁ³Áö¸¸, ³ª´Â ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸íµµ, ½ÉÁö¾î ¼öõ ¸í ¾Æ´Ï ¼ö½Ê ¸íµµ, ¾Æ´Ï ½ÉÁö¾î ´Ü ÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±¾ÁÖ¸®°Å³ª ÃßÀ§·Î ÀÎÇÑ Á×À½¿¡ À̸£°Å³ª °íÅ뽺·± »îÀ¸·Î ¼Ò¸êµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì½º²Î½º·¯¿î º¯¸íÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» °ø°¨ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×°ÍÀ» °áÄÚ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇØ º» ÀûÁ¶Â÷ ¾ø´Ù. ±³È¸´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »îÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ¿´À» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µµ±úºñó·³ º¸ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ½á¼­ ¼³¸íÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.

Christ calls men to a spring of water which is there beside them. Men are tormented by thirst, eat dirt, and drink one another's blood, but their teachers tell them that they will perish if they go to the spring to which Christ directs them. And people believe this; they suffer and die of thirst at two steps from the water, not daring to go to it. But it is only necessary to believe Christ, that he has brought blessing on earth and that he gives us who thirst a spring of living water, and to come to him, to see how insidious is the Church's deception and how insensate are our sufferings when salvation is so near at hand. It is only necessary to accept Christ's teaching simply and plainly for the terrible decep¡©tion in which we all and each are living to become clear.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±×µéÀÇ ¿·¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ùÀ¸·Î ºÎ¸¥´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸ñ¸¶¸§À¸·Î °íÅë¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ¸ÕÁö¸¦ ¸Ô°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇǸ¦ ¸¶½Å´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ ±³»çµéÀº ¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÀεµÇÏ´Â »ùÀ¸·Î °£´Ù¸é Á×À» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀº À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù; ±×µéÀº ¹° À» ¸î °ÉÀ½ ¾Õ¿¡ µÎ°í¼­ °¥ÁõÀ¸·Î °íÅë¹ÞÀ¸¸ç Á׾´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ¹Ï°í¼­, ±×°¡ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ÇູÀ» °¡Á®¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ¸ñ¸¶¸¥ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â »ù¹°À» ÁÖ¸ç, ±×¿¡°Ô ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­, ±³È¸ÀÇ ±â¸¸ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ±³ÇÒÇϸç, ±¸¿øÀÌ ¹Ù·Î °¡±îÀÌ ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ó¸¶³ª ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ °íÅëÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×¸®°í Æò¹üÇÏ°Ô ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÏ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯¸é ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ ±×¸®°í °¢ÀÚ°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¹«¼­¿î ±â¸¸ÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇØÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Generation after generation we labor to secure life by means of violence and by safeguarding our property. Our happiness seems to us to lie in obtaining the maximum of power and the maximum of property. We are so accustomed to this that Christ's teaching, that a man's happiness cannot depend on his power or his estate and that a rich man cannot be happy, seems to us like a demand to make a sacrifice for the sake of future bliss. But Christ did not think of calling us to sacrifice; on the contrary, he teaches us not to do what is worse but to do what is better for us here in this life. Christ, loving men, teaches them to refrain from securing themselves by violence and by property, just as others who love men teach them to refrain from brawling and drunkenness. He says that men, if they live without resisting others and without property, will be happier; and by the example of his own life he confirms this. He says that a man living in accord with his teaching must be prepared to die at any moment by the violence of others, by cold or hunger, and cannot be sure of a single hour's life. And we imagine this to be a terrible demand of sacrifice; but it is only a declaration of the conditions in which every man always and inevitably lives. Christ's disciple must be prepared at any moment for suffering and death. But is not a disciple of the world in the same position? We are so accustomed to our pretence that all we do for the imaginary security of our life- our armies, fortifications, stores, clothes, and doctoring, our property and our money- seems to us something that really and seriously secures our life. We forget, though it is obvious to everyone, what happened to the man who planned to build barns in order to be safe for many years. He died that same night. Indeed all we do to safeguard our life is just what an ostrich does, standing still and hiding its head in order not to see how it is being killed. We do worse than the ostrich: doubtfully to safeguard our doubt¡©ful life in a doubtful future, we certainly destroy our certain life in the certain present.

¿ì¸®´Â ´ë¸¦ À̾ Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ÃàÀûÇÔÀ¸·Î½á »îÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇູÀº ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ±Ç·Â°ú ÃÖ´ëÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ȹµæÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·± °Í¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª Àͼ÷ÇØÁ® À־ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§, Áï »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇູÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ̳ª Àç»ê¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ºÎÀÚ°¡ ÇູÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ÇູÀ» À§Çؼ­ Èñ»ýÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ´À²¸Áø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¿ì¸®¸¦ Èñ»ýÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ¹Ý´ë·Î, ±×´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À̰÷¿¡¼­ Áö±ÝÀÇ »îÀ» À§Çؼ­ ´õ¿í ÇØ·Î¿î °ÍÀ» ÇàÇ϶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´õ ³ªÀº °ÍÀ» ÇàÇ϶ó°í °¡¸£Ä£´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â, »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇϸ鼭, ±×µé¿¡°Ô Æø·ÂÀ̳ª Àç»ê¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ½º½º·Î¸¦ º¸ÀåÇÏÁö ¸»µµ·Ï °¡¸£Ä£´Ù, À̰ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½Î¿ò°ú À½ÁÖ¸¦ ÇÇÇ϶ó°í °¡¸£Ä¡´Â °Í°ú ¶È°°´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ, ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àç»êÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ´õ¿í Çàº¹ÇØ Áú °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çϸç, ±×´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ º»À» º¸ÀÓÀ¸·Î½á À̰ÍÀ» È®ÀνÃÄÑ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¶ó »ç´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ÃßÀ§³ª ±¾ÁÖ¸²¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ¾î´À ¼ø°£¿¡¶óµµ Á×À» Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ´Ü ÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÇ »îµµ È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â À̰ÍÀÌ ¹«¼­¿î Èñ»ýÀÇ ¿ä±¸ÀÎ °Íó·³ »ó»óÇÑ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â »óŵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¼±¾ðÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾î´À ¼ø°£¿¡¶óµµ °íÅë°ú Á×À½¿¡ ÁغñµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµµ ¶È °°Àº À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? ¿ì¸®´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â¸¸¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁ® À־, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡»óÀÇ ¾ÈÀü- ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±º´ëµé, ¿ä»õµé, »óÁ¡µé, ÀǺ¹µé, ±×¸®°í ÀÇ·á, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»ê°ú µ·- À» À§ÇØ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Áø½Ç·Î ±×¸®°í ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î »îÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ´À²¸Áø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â, ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ¸í¹éÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­, ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ¾ÈÀüÇØÁö±â À§Çؼ­ â°í¸¦ ÁöÀ» °èȹÀ» ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀϾ ÀÏÀ» ÀØ¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù. ±×´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×³¯ ¹ã¿¡ Á×¾ú´Ù. Áø½Ç·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ »îÀ» º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ³«Å¸°¡ »ìÇØµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í, °¡¸¸È÷ ¼­¼­ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¼û±â´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ³«Å¸º¸´Ù ´õ ¾ÇÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù: Àǽɽº·¯¿î ¹Ì·¡¿¡ Àǽɽº·± »îÀ» Àǽɽº·´°Ô º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ¿ì¸®´Â È®½ÇÇÑ Çö½Ç¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ È®½ÇÇÑ »îÀ» È®½ÇÈ÷ ÆÄ±«Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

The deception consists in the false conviction that our life can be secured by strife against others. We are so accustomed to this deception- an imaginary safeguarding of our life and property- that we do not notice all we lose by it. And we lose all- our whole life. Our whole life is so absorbed in cares for this safeguarding of life, this preparation for life, that no life at all is left us.

±â¸¸Àº ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°úÀÇ ÅõÀïÀ¸·Î È®º¸µÈ´Ù´Â °ÅÁþµÈ È®½Å¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·± ±â¸¸- ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î°ú Àç»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡»óÀÇ ¾ÈÀü- ¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª Àͼ÷ÇØÁ® À־ ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÒ°Ô µÇ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àüü »îÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »îÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¿¡, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »îÀÇ Áغñ¿¡, ´ëÇÑ ±Ù½Éµé¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸ôµÎÇØ À־ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ »îµµ ³²¾Æ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

We need only discard our habits for a moment and regard our life from outside, to see that all we do for the supposed safeguarding of our life we really do not at all to safeguard our life, but only to forget, by busying ourselves with these things, that life is never secure. But not only do we deceive ourselves and spoil our real life for the sake of an imaginary one; we generally by this effort to make ourselves safe, ruin the very thing we wish to secure. The French armed themselves to secure their life in 1870, and in consequence of this safeguarding hundreds of thousands of Frenchmen perished. The same is done by all nations that arm themselves. The rich man secures his life by having money, and that very money attracts a robber who kills him. A nervous man safeguards his life by undergoing a cure, and the cure itself slowly kills him, or if it does not kill him certainly deprives him of life, like that sick man who deprived himself of life for thirty-eight years, by waiting for the angel at the pool (John v. 2-8).

¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ Àá½Ã µ¿¾È ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½À°üµéÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ¹Ù±ùÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» ¹Ù¶ó º¼ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·¯¸é, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ °¡»óÀûÀÎ º¸ÀåÀ» À§ÇØ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÁøÁ¤ ÀüÇô ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÁ÷ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ÀÌ ¸ðµç °Íµé¿¡ ºÐÁÖÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µêÀ¸·Î½á, »îÀº °áÄÚ ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀØ¾î ¹ö¸®±â À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â °¡»óÀÇ »îÀ» À§Çؼ­ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¼ÓÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ »îÀ» ¸ÁÄ¡°í ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó; ¿ì¸®´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ·Á´Â ÀÌ·± ³ë·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸ÀåÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â °Í ÀÚü¸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÑ´Ù. 1870³â¿¡ ÇÁ¶û½º ±¹¹ÎµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ½º½º·Î ¹«ÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± º¸È£ÇàÀ§ÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­ ¼ö½Ê¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ÇÁ¶û½º ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ÀÚµéÀº µ·À» °¡ÁüÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¸ÀåÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ±× µ·Àº ±×¸¦ Á×ÀÌ·Á ÇÏ´Â °­µµ¸¦ À¯ÀÎÇÏ´Ù. ¿ì¿ïÁõ ȯÀÚ´Â Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹ÞÀ½À¸·Î½á ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±× º¸È£ ÀÚü°¡ ±×¸¦ ¼­¼­È÷ Á×À̰ųª, ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×¸¦ Á×ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¿¬¸ø¿¡¼­ õÇϸ¦ ±â´Ù¸®¸é¼­ 38³âµ¿¾È ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° º´ÀÚó·³(¿äÇѺ¹À½ 5Àå 2-8Àý), ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» »©¾Ñ±æ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Christ's teaching that life cannot be made safe, but that one must always, at each moment, be ready to die, is certainly better than the world's teaching that one must secure one's life: it is better because the inevitability of death and the insecurity of life remain the same whether one adopts the world's teaching or that of Christ; and in Christ's teaching life itself is not entirely absorbed in the useless occupation of pseudo-safeguarding one's life, but becomes free and can be devoted to its one natural aim, the welfare of oneself and one's fellows. A disciple of Christ will be poor. Yes; that is to say, he will always make use of all those blessings which God has given him. He will not ruin his life. We have called poverty, which is a happiness, by a word that indicates misfortune, but the reality of the matter is not altered thereby. To be poor means that a man will not live in a town but in a village, and will not sit at home but will work in the woods or fields; will see the light of the sun, the earth, the sky, and animals; will not con¡©sider what he can eat to arouse his appetite and how to get his bowels to move, but will be hungry three times a day; will not toss about on soft cushions wondering how he is to escape from sleeplessness, but will sleep; he will have children and will live with them; will have free intercourse with all men, and above all will not do things he does not wish to do, and will not be afraid of what will happen to him. He will sicken, suffer, and die, as everyone does (though, to judge by the way poor men sicken and die, it will be better for him than it is for the rich) but he will certainly live more happily. To be poor, to be indigent and a vagrant( means vagrant) is what Christ taught; that without which it is impossible to enter the kingdom of God, without which it is impossible to be happy here on earth.

»îÀº ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µéÁú ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª, ¸Å ¼ø°£¸¶´Ù, Á×À» Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã º¸ÀåÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§º¸´Ù ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ³´´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº ´õ ³´´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Á×À½ÀÇ ºÒ°¡ÇǼº°ú »îÀÇ ºÒÈ®½ÇÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÃëÇÏµç ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÃëÇÏµç ¶È°°À¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼­ »î ÀÚü´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» °ÅÁþµÇ°Ô º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ Á÷¾÷¿¡ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ôµÎÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿öÁ®¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ´ç¿¬ÇÑ ¸ñÀû, ÀڽŰú ÀηùÀÇ Çູ¿¡ Çå½ÅÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚ´Â °¡³­ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù; ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ÁØ ¸ðµç ÇູµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ºó°ïÀÌ ÇູÀÌÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀ» ºÒÇàÀ» ¶æÇÏ´Â ¸»·Î ºÒ·¶´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±× ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ½Çü°¡ ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. °¡³­ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù: »ç¶÷ÀÌ µµ½Ã¿¡ »ìÁö ¾Ê°í ½Ã°ñ¿¡ »ì¸ç, Áý ¾È¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê°í, ½£¼Ó¿¡¼­³ª µéÆÇ¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇϸç; ÇÞºû, ´ëÁö, ÇÏ´Ã, ±×¸®°í µ¿¹°µéÀ» º¸°Ô µÇ¸ç; ½Ä¿åÀ» µ¸±¸±â À§Çؼ­ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¸ÔÀ»±î ±×¸®°í ¾î¶»°Ô ¼ÒÈ­½Ãų °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ÇÏ·ç¿¡ ¼¼ ¹ø ¹è°íÇà °ÍÀ̸ç; ¿¬ÇÑ º£°³¸¦ À§¿¡¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô ºÒ¸éÁõ¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³¯ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÚ¸ç; ±×´Â ÀÚ³àµéÀ» °¡Áú °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×µé°ú ÇÔ²² »ì °ÍÀ̰í; ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé°ú ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ±³Á¦¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×¿¡°Ô ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾÁö ¿°·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéó·³(±×·¯³ª, °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ º´µé°í Á״´ٴ Á¡¿¡¼­ ºñ±³Çϸé, °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÎÀڵ麸´Ù ´õ ³ªÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù) º´µé°í °íÅë¹Þ°í Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ´õ ÇູÇÏ°Ô »ì °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °¡³­Çϰí, ±ÃÇÌÇÏ¸ç °ÅÁö( ´Â °ÅÁö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù)°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ °¡¸£Ä£ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, Áï, °¡³­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡ µé¾î°¨ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç, °¡³­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í´Â À̰÷ Áö»ó¿¡¼­ ÇູÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

'But no one will feed you and you will die of hunger', is said in reply to this. To the objection that a man living according to Christ's teaching will die of hunger Christ replied by one brief sentence (the one which is interpreted as a justification for the sloth of the clergy, Matt. x. 10; Luke x. 7).

»ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ´ë´äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ¡®±×·¯³ª ¾Æ¹«µµ ´ç½ÅÀ» ºÎ¾çÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ´ç½ÅÀº ±¾¾î Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¶ó »ç´Â »ç¶÷Àº ±¾¾î Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù´Â ¹Ý´ë¿¡, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ªÀº ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ´ë´äÇß´Ù(À̰ÍÀº ¸ñ»çµéÀÇ ¹«À§µµ½ÄÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼®µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶Åº¹À½ 10Àå 10Àý; ´©°¡º¹À½ 10Àå 7Àý).

He said: 'Take no wallet for your journey, neither two coats, nor shoes, nor staff: for the laborer is worthy of his food.' 'In that same house remain, eating and drinking such things as they give, for the laborer is worthy of his hire.'

±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®¿©ÇàÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ÁָӴϳª µÎ ¹ú ¿ÊÀ̳ª ½ÅÀ̳ª ÁöÆÎÀ̸¦ °¡ÁöÁö ¸»¶ó. ÀÌ´Â ÀϲÛÀÌ Àú ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¶¶¥ÇÔÀ̴϶ó. ±× Áý¿¡ À¯ÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸Ô°í ¸¶½Ã¶ó. ÀϲÛÀÌ ±× »éÀ» ¾ò´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¶¶¥Çϴ϶ó.¡¯

The laborer is worthy, , literally means: can and should have his subsistence. It is a very short saying; but for anyone who under¡©stands it as Christ did, there can be no idea of arguing that a man who has no property will die of hunger. To understand these words in their real meaning one must first of all quite renounce the supposition (which has become so common among us as a consequence of the dogma of the redemption) that man's welfare consists in idleness. One must return to the conception natural to all unperverted people, that the necessary condition of happiness for man is not idleness, but work; that a man cannot reject work; that not to work is dull, wearisome, and hard, as it is dull and hard for an ant, a horse, or any other animal not to work. One must forget our savage superstition that the position of a man with an inexhaustible purse- that is to say, with a Govern¡©ment post, the ownership of land, or of bonds bear¡©ing interest, which make it possible for him to do nothing- is a naturally happy condition. One must restore in one's imagination that view of work which all unperverted people have, and which Christ had when he said that the laborer was worthy of his subsistence. Christ could not imagine people who would regard work as a curse, and therefore could not imagine a man who did not work or did not wish to work. He always supposes that his disciples work. And therefore he says: 'If a man works, then his work will feed him.' If another man takes the produce of this man's labor, then the other man will feed the worker just because he reaps the ad¡©vantage of his labor. And so the worker will re¡©ceive his subsistence. He will not have property, but there can be no doubt about his subsistence.

ÀϲÛÀº °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù, , Á÷¼³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»Çϸé, À½½ÄÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀÌ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ªÀº ±¸ÀýÀÌÁö¸¸; À̰ÍÀ» ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÌÇØÇÑ ´ë·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª Àç»êÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±¾¾î Á×À» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀ» ÇÒ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»À» ±× ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Àǹ̴ë·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇູÀÌ ³ªÅÂÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â(À̰ÍÀº ±¸¼ÓÀÇ ±³¸®ÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ÈçÇØÁ³´Ù) ÁÖÀåÀ» È®½ÇÈ÷ ¹ö·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã, »ç¶÷À» À§ÇÑ ÇູÀÇ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀº ³ªÅÂÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ëµ¿À̸ç; »ç¶÷Àº ³ëµ¿À» °ÅºÎÇØ¼­´Â ¾ÈµÇ¸ç; ³ëµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº, °³¹Ì³ª ¸» ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ µ¿¹°µé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ´ÜÁ¶·Ó°í Áö·çÇϸç Èûµç °ÍÀ̶ó´Â, Ÿ¶ôÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °íÀ¯ÇÑ »ý°¢À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Áö°© ¼Ó¿¡ ¹«ÁøÀåÇÑ µ·À» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÁöÀ§- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Á¤ºÎÀÇ °ü¸®, ÅäÁö³ª À¯°¡Áõ±ÇÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯±Ç- °¡ ´ç¿¬ÇÑ ÇູÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ̶ó´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ ¹Ì½ÅÀ» Àؾî¹ö·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ó»ó¼Ó¿¡¼­, Ÿ¶ôÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ´Â ¸ÔÀ» ±Ç¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ, ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ½Ã°¢À» µÇã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³ëµÕÀ» ÀúÁÖ¶ó°í ¿©±â°Å³ª ³ëµ¿Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ³ëµ¿Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡®»ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÏÇϸé, ±×ÀÇ ³ëµ¿Àº ±×¸¦ ºÎ¾çÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯ ¸¸ÀÏ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ °¡Áö·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷Àº ±× ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¸¦ ¸Ô¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» °ÅµÎ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¡¼­ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀ» ¾òÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â Àç»êÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ ¾ç½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÆÁ¤Àº ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

The difference between Christ's teaching about work and the teaching of our world lies in this, that according to the world's teaching work is man's peculiar merit for which he keeps account with others and considers that he has a right to the more subsistence the more he works; while according to Christ's teaching work is a necessary condition of man's life and subsistence is the inevitable conse¡©quence of work. Work produces food, food pro¡©duces work, that is the unending circle: the one is the consequence and the cause of the other. How¡©ever evil a master may be, he will feed his workman as he will feed the horse that works for him; and will feed him so that the workman may produce as much as possible, in other words, can co-operate in that which provides the welfare of man.

³ëµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ¿Í °°´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ³ëµ¿Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÀåÁ¡À¸·Î »ç¶÷Àº ³ëµ¿À¸·Î½á ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç ±×°¡ ÀÏÇϸé ÀÏÇÒ¼ö·Ï ´õ ¸¹Àº ½Ä·®À» °¡Áø´Ù°í ¿©±ä´Ù; ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é ³ëµ¿Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀÇ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ Á¶°ÇÀÌ¸ç ½Ä·®Àº ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀÎ °á°úÀÌ´Ù. ³ëµ¿Àº À½½ÄÀ» ¸¸µé°í, À½½ÄÀº ³ëµ¿À» ¸¸µç´Ù, À̰ÍÀº ³¡¾ø´Â ¼øÈ¯ÀÌ´Ù: ÀüÀÚ´Â ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °á°úÀÌ¸ç ¿øÀÎÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¾ÇÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ¸»À» ¸ÔÀ̵íÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Àϲۿ¡°Ô ¾ç½ÄÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±× ÀϲÛÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¹ÀÌ »ý»êÇϵµ·Ï ±×¸¦ ¸ÔÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¸»Çϸé, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇູÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇÏ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ µ¿ÂüÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

'The son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.' According to the teaching of Christ each individual man, independently of what the world may be like, will have the best kind of life if he understands that his vocation is not to demand work from others but to devote his own life to working for others, and to give his life a ransom for many. A man who acts so, says Christ, is worthy of his subsistence- that is to say, cannot but receive it. In a word, man does not live that others should work for him, but that he should work for others. Christ sets up the basis which undoubtedly ensures man's material existence, and by the words 'The laborer is worthy of his subsistence', he sets aside that very common objection to the possibility of fulfilling his teaching which says that a man carry¡©ing out Christ's teaching among people who do not carry it out will perish of hunger and cold. Christ shows us that a man ensures his subsistence not by taking it from others, but by doing what is useful and necessary for others. The more necessary he is to others the more safe will be his existence.

¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀº ¼¶±èÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸·¯ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼¶±â·¯ ¿Ô´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ »îÀ» ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ´ë¼ÓÀ» À§ÇØ ¹ÙÄ¡·¯ ¿Ô´Ù.¡¯ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é °¢ÀÚ °³ÀÎÀº, ¼¼»óÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇϵçÁö °ü°è¾øÀÌ, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×ÀÇ ÃµÁ÷ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ³ëµ¿À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¹ÙÄ¡´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ´ãº¸·Î ¸Ã±â´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÃÖ»óÀÇ »îÀ» °¡Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº, ±×ÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀ» ±¸ÇÒ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¾ç½ÄÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÑ ¸¶µð·Î, »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÏÇϵµ·Ï »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ Á¸À縦 È®½ÇÈ÷ º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ¿ø¸®¸¦ ³»¼¼¿î´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¡®ÀϲÛÀº Àڱ⠻éÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¡¯´Â ¸»·Î½á, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§À» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±¾ÁÖ¸²°ú ÃßÀ§·Î Á×À» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ½ÇÇà °¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹Ý´ë ÀÚü¸¦ ÀÏÃàÇØ ¹ö·È´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ »©¾ÑÀ½ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ À¯ÀÍÇϰí ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á È®º¸ÇÑ´Ù°í ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °¡¸£ÃÄÁØ´Ù. ±×°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ±×ÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â ´õ¿í ¾ÈÀüÇØÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Under the existing arrangements of the world people who do not fulfill Christ's law but who work for their neighbors and have no property, do not die of hunger. How then can one make it an objection to Christ's teaching that those who obey it- that is to say, those who work for their neighbors- will die of hunger? A man cannot die of hunger while the rich have bread. In Russia, at any given moment, there are always millions of people living without any property, simply by their labor.

±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¦µµ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­µµ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­µµ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÏÇϸ鼭 Àç»êÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±¾¾î Á×Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé- ÀÌ ±¾¾î Á×À» °ÍÀ̶ó¸ç ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡? ºÎÀÚ°¡ »§À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ, »ç¶÷Àº ±¾¾î Á×Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­´Â, ¾î¶² ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼­µµ, Àç»êÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ¿© »ì¾Æ°¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¼ö¹é¸¸Àº µÈ´Ù.

Among the heathen a Christian will be provided for as among Christians. He works for others, consequently they need him, and therefore he will be fed. Even a dog that is wanted is fed and cared for, how then should a man not be fed and cared for who is of use to everyone? . .

À̱³µµµé ¾È¿¡¼­µµ ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº ±âµ¶±³ÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­Ã³·³ ´ëÁ¢À» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÏÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº ±×°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×´Â ¾ç½ÄÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î À¯¿ëÇÑ °³¸¶Àú ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ¾òÀ¸¸ç º¸È£¸¦ ¹Þ´Âµ¥, ¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ÔÁö ¸øÇϸç, º¸È£¹ÞÁö ¸øÇϰڴ°¡?

But a sick man, one with a family and children, is not wanted and cannot work- so people will cease to feed him, say those who are bent on making out a case for a bestial life. They will and do say this, and do not notice that they themselves, who say so and would like to act so, cannot do it, but behave quite otherwise. Those very people who do not acknowledge the practicability of Christ's teaching, follow it! They do not cease to feed a sheep, a bull, or a dog which falls ill. They do not even kill an old horse, but give it such work as it can do; they feed their family, as well as lambs, little pigs, and puppies, expecting them to be of use. So how should they not feed a useful man when he is ill, and how should they fail to find work within their strength for the old and the young, or cease to rear those who will one day work for them?

±×·¯³ª º´ÀÚ, °¡Á·°ú ÀڽĵéÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷Àº ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê°í ÀÏÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù- ±×·¡¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸¦ ºÎ¾çÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í, ºñÀΰ£ÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ ²ôÁý¾î ³»±â¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº À̰ÍÀ» ¸»Çϱ⵵ ÇÏ°í ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯¸é¼­µµ ±×·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸ç ±×·¸°Ô Ç൵ÇÏ°í ½Í¾î Çϸ鼭µµ, ±×µé ½º½º·Î°¡ ±×¿Í´Â ÀüÇô ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇൿÇϰí ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ½ÇÇà°¡´É¼ºÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé ÀÚüµµ ±×°ÍÀ» µû¸£°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù! ±×µéÀº ¾ç, ¼Ò, ¶Ç´Â °³°¡ º´¿¡ °É·ÈÀ» ¶§ ¸ÔÀ̱⸦ ÁßÁöÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº ½ÉÁö¾î ´ÄÀº ¸»µµ Á×ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÁØ´Ù; ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á· »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¾î¸°¾çµé, µÅÁö »õ³¢µé, ±×¸®°í °­¾ÆÁöµéµµ, ±×µéÀÌ À¯¿ëÇϱ⸦ ±â´ëÇϸ鼭, ¸Ô¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ À¯¿ëÇÑ »ç¶÷À» ±×°¡ ¾ÆÇà ¶§ ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡, ±×¸®°í ³ëÀεéÀ̳ª ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ Èû¿¡ ¸Â´Â ÀÏÀ» ã¾Æ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ¾ðÁ¨°¡´Â ±×µéÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÏÇØÁÙ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾çÀ°ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡?

They not only will do this, but they are doing this very thing. Nine-tenths of the people- the common laborers- are fed like working cattle by the one-tenth who are not common people but are rich and powerful. And however gross the delusion in which that one-tenth live, however much they may despise the other nine-tenths, this one-tenth of powerful people never deprive the nine-tenths of necessary subsistence, though they have the power to do so. In order that they may have offspring who should labor for them, they do not deprive the common people of what is necessary for them. Latterly this one-tenth have consciously endeavored to arrange for the nine-tenths to be properly fed, that as large an output of work may be got from them as possible, and that fresh workmen may be produced and reared. Even the ants breed and rear their own milk-cows, so how should men not do as much and breed those who will work for them? Workers are needed. And those who make use of their work will always be much concerned to see that the workers do not die out.

±×µéÀº ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± ÀϵéÀ» ÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷µé ÁßÀÇ 9ÇÒ- º¸ÅëÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé- Àº º¸Åë »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ºÎÀÚ¿Í ±Ç·ÂÀÚµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ 1ÇÒ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â °¡Ãàó·³ ½Ä·®À» ¾ò°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í 1ÇÒÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ°¡´Â ¸Á»óÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ½ÉÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ 9ÇÒÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸¹ÀÌ °æ¸êÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ÀÌ·± 1ÇÒÀÇ ÈûÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀº °áÄÚ 9ÇÒÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ½Ä·®À» ¹ÚÅ»ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ºñ·Ï ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÒ ±Ç·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÏÇØ ÁÙ ÀÚ¼ÕµéÀ» °¡Áö±â À§Çؼ­¶óµµ, ±×µéÀº º¸Åë »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ» »©¾ÑÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ÀÌ·± 1ÇÒÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î 9ÇÒÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀûÀýÈ÷ »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¾Ö½á¼­ °èȹÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×µé·ÎºÎÅÍ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¹Àº ³ëµ¿·®À» ¾ò±â À§ÇÏ¿©, ±×¸®°í »õ·Î¿î ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ »ý°Ü³ª°í Ű¿öÁú ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇÔÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î °³¹Ìµéµµ ±×µéÀÇ Á¥¼Ò¸¦ Ű¿ì°í ºÎ¾çÇÑ´Ù, ±×·±µ¥ ¾îÂîÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×ó·³ ÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ±×µéÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÏÇØÁÙ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÎ¾çÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡? ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ Á×¾î ¾ø¾îÁöÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¸¹Àº °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The objection to the practicability of Christ's teaching, which says that if I do not acquire for myself, and do not retain what I have acquired, no one will feed my family, is correct, but only in relation to idle, useless, and therefore harmful, people such as the majority of our wealthy class. No one except stupid parents will bring up idle people, because idle people are of no use to anyone, not even to themselves; but even the worst men will feed and rear workers. Calves are reared, and man as a working animal is more valuable than a bull, as the prices in the slave-markets have always proved. That is why children will never be left without care.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ½Ç¿ë¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý´ë ÀÌ·ÐÀº, ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ­ ±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ³»°¡ ±¸ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÁöŰÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ¾Æ¹«µµ ³ªÀÇ °¡Á·À» ºÎ¾çÇØ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÀÌ ¸»Àº ¿ÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ °ÔÀ¸¸£°í ¹«ÀÍÇϸç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÇØ·Î¿î »ç¶÷µé, ¿¹·Î µé¸é ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºÎÀ¯ÃþÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ¿¡¸¸ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì·ÃÇÑ ºÎ¸ðµéÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ¾Æ¹«µµ °ÔÀ¸¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÎ¾çÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é °ÔÀ¸¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾Æ¹«¿¡°Ôµµ, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ÀÚ±â Àڽſ¡°Ôµµ, ¾µ¸ð ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª °¡Àå ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéµµ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖ°í ¾çÀ°ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼Û¾ÆÁöµéÀ» ±â¸¥´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÏÇÏ´Â µ¿¹°·Î¼­ »ç¶÷Àº, ³ë¿¹ ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ¾ðÁ¦³ª °¡Ä¡°¡ Áõ¸íµÇ¾úµíÀÌ, ¼Ò º¸´Ù ´õ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ °áÄÚ º¸È£µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ä ¹ö·ÁµÎÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù.

Man does not live that others should serve him, but that he should himself serve others. He who labors will be fed.

»ç¶÷Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸¦ ¼¶±âµµ·Ï »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¼¶±â±â À§ÇØ »ê´Ù. ÀÏÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

That is a truth confirmed by the life of the whole world.

ÀÌ ¸»Àº Àü ¼¼»óÀÇ »î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ È®ÀÎµÈ Áø¸®ÀÌ´Ù.

Till the present time, always and everywhere, where man has worked he has obtained sustenance, as every horse receives his feed. And such sustenance was received by the workers involuntarily, against the grain, for they only desired to free themselves from toil, to get as much as possible, and to seat themselves on the neck of those who were sitting on their necks. Such an involuntary, unwilling worker, envious and angry, was not left without sustenance, and was even more fortunate than the man who did not work but lived on the labor of others. How much more fortunate still will he be who works according to Christ's law, and whose aim is to work as much as he can and to take as little as possible! And how much more happy will his position be when around him there are at least some, and perhaps even many, men like himself, who will serve him!

¿À´Ã³¯±îÁö, ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×¸®°í ¾îµð¿¡¼­³ª, ¸»µéÀÌ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ ¸ÔµíÀÌ, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³ëµ¿ÇØ ¿Ô´ø °÷¿¡¼­´Â ¾ç½ÄÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ¾ç½ÄµéÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µéÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ¸¶Áö¸øÇØ ¹Þ¾Æ¿Ô´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ëµ¿¿¡¼­ ÇØ¹æµÇ°í, °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æ¼­, ±×µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸® À§¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸® À§¿¡ ¾É±â¸¦ ¿øÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸¶Áö¸øÇØ ¾ïÁö·Î ÀÏÇÏ´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚµµ, ½Ã±âÇϰí È­¸¦ ³»Áö¸¸, ½Ä·®À» ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÏÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ³ëµ¿À¸·Î »ç´Â »ç¶÷º¸´Ù ´õ ÇູÇÏ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÏÇϸç, ±×ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¸¹Àº ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ¸ç °¡´ÉÇÑ Àû°Ô ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷À̶ó¸é ¾ó¸¶³ª ´õ ÇູÇÒ±î? ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­, ÀÚ½Åó·³ ±×¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÏÇϰڴٴ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Àû¾îµµ ¸î »ç¶÷À̶óµµ, ¾Æ´Ï ½ÉÁö¾î ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ±×ÀÇ À§Ä¡´Â ¾ó¸¶³ª ´õ ÇູÇϰڴ°¡?

Christ's teaching of work and its fruits is expressed in the story of the feeding of the five and the four thousand with five loaves and two fishes. Humanity will reach the highest happiness possible for it on earth when people do not try to swallow and consume everything themselves, but when they do as Christ taught them by the sea-shore.

Àϰú ±× °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº »§ ´Ù¼¸ °³¿Í ¹°°í±â µÎ ¸¶¸®·Î 5õ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹è¸¦ ä¿î À̾߱⿡ ³ªÅ¸³ª ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀڽŸ¸À» À§Çؼ­ »ïÄѹö¸®°Å³ª ¼ÒºñÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¹Ù´å°¡¿¡¼­ ±×µé¿¡°Ô °¡¸£Ä£ ´ë·Î ÇàÇÒ ¶§, Àηù´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ Çູ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Some thousands of people had to be fed. A disciple told Christ that he had seen a lad who had some fishes, the disciple also had some loaves. Jesus understood that some of the people coming from a distance would have brought food, but that others would not. (That some had supplies with them is shown by the fact that in all four Gospels it is mentioned that when the meal was ended remnants were collected in twelve baskets. If no one but the lad had brought anything, there would not have been those twelve baskets in the field.) If Christ had not done what he did, namely, performed the miracle of feeding the thousands of people with five loaves, what happens in our world would have happened there. Those who had supplies would have eaten what they had. They would have eaten it all, and even over-eaten themselves so as not to leave anything over. The mean ones, perhaps, would have carried home their surplus. Those who had nothing would have remained hungry, watch¡©ing the eaters with angry envy, and perhaps some of them would have snatched from those who saved and there would have been quarrels and fights, and some would have gone home satiated, others hungry and angry. It would have been as it is in our life.

¼öõ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸Ô¿©¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. ÇÑ Á¦ÀÚ°¡ °í±â ¸î ¸¶¸®¸¦ °¡Áø ¾ÆÀ̸¦ º¸¾Ò´Ù°í ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇßÀ¸¸ç ±× Á¦ÀÚ ¿ª½Ã »§ ¸î °³¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¼ö´Â ¸Õ °÷¿¡¼­ ¿À´Â ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À½½ÄÀ» °¡Á® ¿ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×·¯Áö ¸øÇßÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇß´Ù. (¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©ºÐÀ» Áö³æ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ½Ä»ç°¡ ³¡³µÀ» ¶§ À½½Ä ºÎ½º·¯±â°¡ ¿­ µÎ ±¤ÁÖ¸®³ª ¸ð¿´´Ù°í 4 º¹À½¼­ ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÈ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼­ ÀÔÁõµÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±× ¾ÆÀ̸¸ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é, µéÆÇ¿¡ ¿­ µÎ ±¤ÁÖ¸®°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¸®°¡ ¾ø´Ù.) ¸¸ÀÏ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, Áï, »§ ´Ù¼¸ °³·Î ¼öõ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸ÔÀÎ ±âÀûÀ» ÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Â ÀÏÀÌ ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ÀÏ¾î ³µÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©ºÐÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ´Ù ¸Ô¾î ¹ö·ÈÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ¸ðµÎ ¸Ô¾î ¹ö·ÈÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ½ÉÁö¾î ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ³²±âÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í ¾ïÁö·Î ¸Ô¾î ¹ö·ÈÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀλöÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô ³²Àº °ÍÀ» ÁýÀ¸·Î °¡Á®°¬À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±¾ÁÖ¸®°í ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ¸Ô°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÐ³ëÀÇ ½Ã±â½ÉÀ¸·Î ÃÄ´Ùº¸´Ù°¡, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ¸î¸îÀº ¾Æ³¢°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ °¡·Îä °¬À» °ÍÀ̰í, ¸»´ÙÅù°ú ½Î¿òµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹è¸¦ ä¿ì°í Áý¿¡ °¬À» °ÍÀ̸ç, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹èµµ °íÇÁ°í È­µµ ³µÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ ÀÖ´Â Àϰú ¶È °°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ÀÏ¾î ³µÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

But Christ knew what he wanted to do (as is said in the Gospels). He bade them all sit round, and he told his disciples to offer to others what they themselves had, and to bid others do the same. And then it appeared that, when all who had supplies had done like Christ's disciples- that is to say, had offered what they had to others- all ate moderately, and, after going round the circle, there was food enough left for those who had at first not eaten. And all were satisfied and much food remained over, so much that they gathered up twelve baskets full.

±×·¯³ª (º¹À½¼­¿¡¼­ ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³) ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ±×µé ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô µÑ·¯ ¾ÉÀ¸¶ó°í ¸í·ÉÇß´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â Á¦Àڵ鿡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ¶ó°í ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ôµµ ¶È°°ÀÌ ÇàÇ϶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ, ¿©ºÐÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ø ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéµµ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéó·³ µû¶ó Çß´Ù- ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×µéÀÌ °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù- ¸ðµÎ°¡ Àû´çÇÏ°Ô ¸Ô¾ú´Ù ±×¸®°í, ÇÑ ¹ÙÄû µ¹°í ³ªÀÚ, óÀ½¿¡ ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­µµ À½½ÄÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ³²Àº °Í °°¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸¸Á·ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¸¹Àº À½½ÄÀÌ ³²¾Æ¼­, ¿­ µÎ ±¤ÁÖ¸®¿¡ °¡µæÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ¸¹ÀÌ ¸ð¿´´Ù.

Christ taught men that they should deliberately behave in this way in life, because such is the law of man and of all humanity. Work is a necessary condition of man¡¯s life. Work also gives welfare to man. And therefore the withholding from others of the fruits of one's labor or of other people's labor, hinders the welfare of man. Giving one's labor to others promotes man's happiness.

±×¸®½ºµµ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô »î¿¡ À־ ÀÌó·³ »ç·Á ±í°Ô ÇൿÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î »ç¶÷°ú ¸ðµç ÀηùÀÇ À²¹ýÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ³ëµ¿Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä Á¶°ÇÀÌ´Ù. ³ëµ¿Àº ¶ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÇູÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¼­ ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ¿­¸Å¸¦ »©¾Ñ´Â °ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇູÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³ëµ¿À» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

'If people do not take away property from one another they will die of hunger', we say. It would seem that we should rather say the contrary: if people take by force from one another there will be some who will die of hunger- and this actually occurs.

¡®»ç¶÷µéÀº ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô¼­ Àç»êÀ» »©¾ÑÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±¾¾î Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Â÷¶ó¸® ¹Ý´ë¸¦ ¸»Çؾ߸¸ ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ´À²¸Áø´Ù: ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô¼­ »©¾Ñ´Â´Ù¸é, ±¾¾î Á×´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù- ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Really every man, however he lives- whether ac¡©cording to Christ's teaching or to the world's- is alive only thanks to the work of other people. Others have protected him and given him drink and fed him, and still protect him and feed him and give him drink. But by the world's teaching man, by violence and threats, obliges others to continue to feed him and his family. By Christ's teaching man is equally protected, nourished, and supplied with drink by others; but in order that others should continue to guard, to feed, and to give him drink, he does not bring force to bear on anyone, but tries himself to serve others and to be useful to all men as he can, and thereby he becomes necessary to all. Worldly people will always wish to cease to feed one who is unnecessary to them and who compels them by force to feed him, and at the first opportunity they not only cease to feed him, but kill him as un¡©necessary. But all men, always, evil as they may be, will carefully feed and safeguard one who works for them.

Á¤¸» ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô »ìµçÁö- ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£µçÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£µçÁö- ¿ÀÁ÷ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿ ´öÅÿ¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µé º¸È£ÇØÁÖ¸ç, ±×¿¡°Ô ¸¶½Ç °Í°ú ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ±×¸¦ º¸È£ÇØÁÖ°í ¸Ô¿©ÁÖ¸ç ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ç¶÷Àº, Æø·Â°ú Çù¹ÚÀ¸·Î, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀÚ±â¿Í Àڱ⠰¡Á·À» °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ºÎ¾çÇÒ °ÍÀ» °­¿äÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶È°°ÀÌ º¸È£¹Þ°í, ¾çºÐÀ» ¾ò°í, ¸¶½Ç °ÍÀ» °ø±Þ¹Þ´Â´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ º¸È£ÇØÁÖ°í, ¸Ô¿©ÁÖ¸ç, ¸¶½Ç °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×´Â ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ Æø·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ½º½º·Î ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¼¶±â·Á ³ë·ÂÇÏ°í °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô À¯ÀÍÇÏ°Ô µÇ·Á°í Çϸç, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ±×´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸Ô¿©ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» Áß´ÜÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±âȸ°¡ ´êÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ±×µéÀ» ºÎ¾çÇÒ °ÍÀ» Áß´ÜÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀ» Á×À̰íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¾ðÁ¦³ª, ±×µéÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¾ÇÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ÀڽŵéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ºÎ¾çÇÏ°í º¸È£ÇØÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

In which way then is it safer, more reasonable, and more joyous to live: according to the world's teaching or according to Christ's?

±×·¸´Ù¸é ¾î´À ÂÊÀÌ ´õ ¾ÈÀüÇϰí, ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̸ç, ±×¸®°í Áñ°Ì°Ô »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀϱî: ¼¼»óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â ÂÊÀϱî? ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â ÂÊÀϱî?

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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ¼­¹® ] I. º¹À½ ±³ÈÆÀÇ ¿­¼è ] II. ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¸í·É ] III. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹ý°ú »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹ý ] IV. ±×¸®½ºµµ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ¿ÀÇØ ] V. ¿¹¼ö¿Í ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ À²¹ý ] VI. ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö °è¸í ] VII. °ÅÁþ ±³¸® ] VIII. »îÀÇ ±æ ] IX. ½Å¾Ó°ú ÇàÀ§ ] [ X. ³ªÀÇ ¸Û¿¡´Â °¡º±´Ù ] XI. Á×Àº ±³È¸ ] XII. ½Å¾ÓÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ] Notes ] MaudeÀÇ ¼­¹® ]


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