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| CHAPTER XII. |
Á¦
12
Àå
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CONCLUSION-REPENT YE, FOR THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN IS AT
HAND. |
°á·Ð-ȸ°³Ç϶ó,
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ
°¡±î¿ü´À´Ï¶ó.
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5. |
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5. Can Man Make this Effort?-According to the Hypocritical Theory of
the Day, Man is not Free to Transform his Life-Man is not Free in his
Actions, but he is Free to Admit or to Deny the Truth he Knows-When Truth
is Once Admitted, it Becomes the Basis of Action-Man's Threefold
Relation to Truth-The Reason of the Ap¡©parent Insolubility of the Problem
of Free Will-Man's Freedom Con¡©sists in the Recognition of the Truth
Revealed to him. There is no Other Freedom-Recognition of Truth Gives
Freedom, and Shows the Path Along which. Willingly or Unwillingly by
Mankind, Man Must Advance-The Recognition of Truth and Real Freedom
Enables Man to Share in the Work of God, not as the Slave, but as the
Creator of Life-Men Need only Make the Effort to Renounce all Thought of
Bettering the External Conditions of Life and Bend all their Efforts to
Recognizing and Preaching the Truth they Know, to put an End to the
Existing Miserable State of Things, and to Enter upon the Kingdom of God
so far as it is yet Accessible to Man-All that is Needed is to Make an End
of Lying and Hypocrisy-But then what Awaits us in the Future?-What will
Happen to Humanity if Men Follow the Dic¡©tates of their Conscience, and
how can Life go on with the Conditions of Civilized Life to which we are
Accustomed?-All Uneasiness on these Points may be Removed by the
Reflection that Nothing True and Good can be Destroyed by the Realization
of Truth, but will only be Freed from the Alloy of Falsehood. |
5.
»ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?-½Ã´ëÀÇ À§¼±ÀûÀÎ
À̷п¡ µû¸£¸é,
»ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¯ÇüÇÒ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù-»ç¶÷µéÀº
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çൿµé¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×°¡ ¾Ë°í
ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰ųª,
°ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÏ´Ü
Áø¸®°¡ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© Áö¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡µÈ´Ù-ÀÚÀ¯
ÀÇÁöÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÑ ¼ö¼ö²²³¢ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯-»ç¶÷ÀÇ
ÀÚÀ¯´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥
ÀÚÀ¯´Â ¾ø´Ù-Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνÄÀº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÁØ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ÀÇÁöµç
ºñÀÇÁöµç Àηù¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀüÁøÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â
±æÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù-Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù,
³ë¿¹·Î¼°¡
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
»îÀÇ Ã¢Á¶Àڷμ-
±âÁ¸ÀÇ ºÒÇàÇÑ »ç¹°ÀÇ »óŸ¦
³¡³»·Á¸é,
±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁ÷ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °¡´ÉÇÒ ¶§¿¡
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡ µé¾î °¡·Á¸é,
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ
»îÀ» Çâ»ó½Ã۰íÀÚÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ý°¢À» ¹ö¸®°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â
³ë·ÂÀ» ÇØ¾ßÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀ»
±×µéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇϰí ÀüÆÄÇϴµ¥
±â¿ïÀÌ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù-ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº °ÅÁþ°ú À§¼±À»
Áß´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù-±×·¯¸é ¹Ì·¡¿¡´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦
±â´Ù¸®°í Àִ°¡?-»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ»
µè´Â´Ù¸é Àηù¿¡°Ô ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀϾ °ÍÀΰ¡,
±×¸®°í »îÀº
¾î¶»°Ô ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀûÀÀÇØ¿Â ¹®¸íÈµÈ »îÀÇ »óȲµé¿¡
Áö¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?-ÀÌ·± Á¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ºÒÆíÇÔÀº
Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνĿ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Áø½ÇÇÑ °Í°ú ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÆÄ±«µÉ ¼ö
¾øÀ¸¸ç,
¿ÀÁ÷ °ÅÁþ°úÀÇ °áÇÕ¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿Í Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â
»ý°¢À¸·Î¼ Á¦°ÅµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
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There was recently held at Petersburg an international exhibition of
instruments of torture, handcuffs, models of solitary cells, that is to
say instruments of torture worse than knouts or rods, and sensitive ladies
and gentlemen went and amused themselves by looking at them. |
ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ÆäÅ×½ººÎ¸£Å©¿¡¼´Â °í¹®,
¼ö°©µé,
µ¶¹æµéÀÇ
¸ðÇü,
Áï,
äÂïÀ̳ª ¸ùµÕÀÌµé º¸´Ù ´õ ÀÜȤÇÑ °í¹®
±â±¸µéÀÇ ±¹Á¦ Àü½Ãȸ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥,
¹Î°¨ÇÑ ºÎÀεé°ú
½Å»çµéÀÌ ¿Í¼´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹Ù¶óº½À¸·Î½á Áñ°Å¿ö Çß´Ù. |
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No one is surprised that together with its recognition of liberty,
equality, and fraternity, liberal science should prove the necessity of
war, punishment, customs, the censure, the regulation of prostitution, the
exclusion of cheap foreign laborers, the hindrance of emigration, the
justifiableness of colonization, based on poisoning and destroying whole
races of men called savages, and so on. |
ÀÚÀ¯,
Æòµî,
±×¸®°í Àηù¾Ö¿Í µ¿½Ã¿¡,
ÀÚÀ¯ °úÇÐÀÌ
¾ß¸¸ÀεéÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â Àüü ÀηùµéÀ» Áßµ¶ ½Ã۰í
ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â µîÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ¿©,
˟˕,
ó¹ú,
°ü¼¼,
°Ë¿,
¸ÅÃáÀÇ ÅëÁ¦,
°ª½Ñ ¿Ü±¹ ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ Ãß¹æ,
À̹ÎÀÇ ±ÝÁö,
½Ä¹ÎÁöÈÀÇ Á¤´çÈÀÇ Çʿ伺À» Áõ¸íÇÔ¿¡ ³î¶ó´Â »ç¶÷Àº
¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø´Ù. |
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People talk of the time when all men shall profess what is called
Christianity (that is, various professions of faith hostile to one
another), when all shall be well-fed and clothed, when all shall be united
from one end of the world to the other by telegraphs and telephones, and
be able to communicate by balloons, when all the working classes are
permeated by socialistic doctrines, when the Trades Unions possess so many
millions of members and so many millions of rubles, when everyone is
educated and all can read newspapers and learn all the sciences. |
»ç¶÷µéÀº ±âµ¶±³¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
°í¹é (Áï,
¼·Î¿¡°Ô Àû´ëÀûÀÎ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ °í¹éµé)ÇÏ´Â
¶§,
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Ç³Á·ÇÏ°Ô ¸Ô°í ÀÔ´Â ¶§,
¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼¼»ó ³¡¿¡¼ ³¡°¡Áö Àü½ÅÀ̳ª ÀüÈ·Î
¿¬ÇÕÇÏ°í ±â±¸·Î¼ Åë½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶§,
¸ðµç ³ëµ¿
°è±ÞµéÀÌ »çȸÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ ±³¸®µé·Î Ãæ¸¸ÇÑ ¶§,
³ëÁ¶µéÀÌ
¹«¼öÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ È¸¿øµé°ú ¹«¼öÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ·çºÒÀ»
¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ¶§,
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±³À° ¹Þ°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
½Å¹®À» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸ðµç °úÇеéÀ» ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
¶§¸¦ À̾߱âÇÑ´Ù. |
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But what good or useful thing can come of all these im¡©provements, if
men do not speak and act in accordance with what they believe to be the
truth? |
±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ Áø¸®¶ó°í ¹Ï´Â °Í¿¡
µû¶ó¼ ¸»Çϰí ÇൿÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é,
ÀÌ ¸ðµç °³¼±µé·Î½á
¹«½¼ ÈǸ¢Çϰųª À¯ÀÍÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾î Áú ¼ö Àִ°¡? |
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The condition of men is the result of their disunion. Their disunion
results from their not following the truth which is one, but falsehoods
which are many. The sole means of uniting men is their union in the truth.
And therefore the more sincerely men strive toward the truth, the nearer
they get to unity. |
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ Ã³Áö´Â ±×µéÀÇ ºÐ¿ÀÇ °á°úÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀÇ
ºÐ¿Àº Çϳª»ÓÀÎ Áø¸®¸¦ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê°í ¸¹Àº °ÅÁþµéÀ»
µû¸§À¸·Î½á ÃÊ·¡µÈ´Ù.
»ç¶÷µéÀ» ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ
¹æ¹ýÀº ±×µéÀÇ Áø¸® ¾È¿¡¼ÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áø½ÇÇÏ°Ô Áø¸®¸¦ ÇâÇØ ³ë·ÂÇϸé
ÇÒ¼ö·Ï,
±×µéÀº ¿¬ÇÕÀ¸·Î ´õ¿í °¡±î¿ö Áø´Ù. |
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But how can men be united in the truth or even approx¡©imate to it, if
they do not even express the truth they know, but hold that there is no
need to do so, and pretend to regard as truth what they believe to be
false? |
±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½ÉÁö¾î ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â
Áø¸®¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÁ¶Â÷ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í,
±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù°í
ÁÖÀåÇϸç,
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ °ÅÁþÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀ» Áø¸®ÀÎ
°Íó·³ ¿©±ä´Ù¸é,
±×µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô Áø¸® ¾È¿¡¼
¿¬ÇÕÇϰųª ½ÉÁö¾î ±×°Í¿¡ ±ÙÁ¢ÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? |
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And therefore no improvement is possible so long as men are
hypocritical and hide the truth from themselves, so long as they do not
recognize that their union and there¡©fore their welfare is only possible
in the truth, and do not put the recognition and profession of the truth
revealed to them higher than everything else. |
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À§¼±ÀûÀÌ¸ç ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô
Áø¸®¸¦ ¼û±â´Â ÇÑ,
±×µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕ°ú ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
ÀڽŵéÀÇ º¹Áö°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸® ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö
¸øÇϰí,
±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú °í¹éÀ»
¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ³ôÀÌ µÎÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ,
¾î¶°ÇÑ °³¼±µµ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Ù. |
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All the material improvements that religious and scien¡©tific men can
dream of may be accomplished; all men may accept Christianity, and all the
reforms desired by the Bellamys may be brought about with every possible
addi¡©tion and improvement, but if the hypocrisy which rules nowadays
still exists, if men do not profess the truth they know, but continue to
feign belief in what they do not be¡©lieve and veneration for what they do
not respect, their condition will remain the same, or even grow worse and
worse. The more men are freed from privation; the more telegraphs,
telephones, books, papers, and journals there are; the more means there
will be of diffusing inconsistent lies and hypocrisies, and the more
disunited and conse¡©quently miserable will men become, which indeed is
what we see actually taking place. |
Á¾±³ÀûÀÌ¸ç °úÇÐÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ²Þ²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç
¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ Áøº¸µéÀº ´Þ¼ºµÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù;
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
±âµ¶±³¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÏÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù,
±×¸®°í º§¶ó¹Ì½º°¡
¿øÇÏ´ø ¸ðµç °³ÇõµéÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç ÷°¡¿Í °³¼±À¸·Î¼
´Þ¼ºµÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ¿À´Ã³¯À» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â
À§¼±ÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù¸é,
¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÌ
¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ °í¹éÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í¼,
±×µéÀÌ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À»,
±×µéÀÌ Á¸ÁßÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Á¸°æÀ» °¡ÀåÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×µéÀÇ »óÅ´ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¶È°°ÀÌ À¯Áö
µÉ °ÍÀ̰ųª,
½ÉÁö¾î Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¾Ç鵃 °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ
±ÃÇÌ¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿öÁö¸é Áú¼ö·Ï;
Àü½Åµé,
˟鵎,
Ã¥µé,
½Å¹®µé,
±×¸®°í ÀâÁöµéÀÌ ¸¹À¸¸é ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï;
¸ð¼øµÇ´Â
ÆÛÁ®°¡´Â °ÅÁþ¸»µé°ú À§¼±µéÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ ¸¹À¸¸é
¸¹À»¼ö·Ï,
»ç¶÷µéÀº ´õ¿í ´õ ºÐ¿µÇ°í °á±¹Àº ºÒÇàÇϰÔ
µÉ °ÍÀ̸ç,
À̰ÍÀº »ç½Ç ¿ì¸®°¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â
°ÍÀ» ¸ñ°ÝÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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All these material reforms may be realized, but the posi¡©tion of
humanity will not be improved. But only let each man, according to his
powers, at once realize in his life the truth he knows, or at least cease
to support the falsehoods he is supporting in the place of the truth, and
at once, in this year 1893, we should see such reforms as we do not dare
to hope for within a century-the emancipation of men and the reign of
truth upon earth. |
ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ °³ÇõµéÀº ½ÇÇöµÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ÀηùÀÇ Ã³Áö´Â °³¼±µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª,
´çÀå, 1893³â ¿ÃÇØ¿¡,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Èûµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼,
¿ÀÁ÷ °¢ÀÚÀÇ
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ´çÀå ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø½ÇÀ»
±ú´Ý´Â´Ù¸é,
¶Ç´Â Àû¾îµµ Áø¸®¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ
ÁöÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÅÁþÀ» ÁöÁöÇÔÀ» ÁßÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â ÇÑ
¼¼±â ¾È¿¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ °¨È÷ Èñ¸ÁÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±×·± °³Çõµé -»ç¶÷µéÀÇ
ÇØ¹æ°ú Áö»ó À§¿¡ Áø¸®ÀÇ Áö¹è-À» ¸ñ°ÝÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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Not without good reason was Christ's only harsh and threatening
reproof directed against hypocrites and hypoc¡©risy. It is not theft nor
robbery nor murder nor fornica¡©tion, but falsehood, the special falsehood
of hypocrisy, which corrupts men, brutalizes them and makes them vin¡©dictive,
destroys all distinction between right and wrong in their conscience,
deprives them of what is the true meaning of all real human life, and
debars them from all progress toward perfection. |
À§¼±ÀÚµé°ú À§¼±À» ÇâÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô °ÅÄ¥°í
À§ÇùÀûÀÎ ÁúÃ¥Àº Á¤´çÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº µµµÏÁúµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í,
°µµÁúµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í,
»ìÀεµ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
°ÅÁþ,
À§¼±À̶ó´Â Ưº°ÇÑ °ÅÁþÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×°ÍµéÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÎÆÐ ½Ã۰í,
±×µéÀ» Áü½Âó·³
¸¸µé¾î¼,
±×µé¿¡°Ô º¹¼ö½ÉÀ» °®°Ô Çϸç,
±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É
¾È¿¡¼ ¼±°ú ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ±¸º°À» ÆÄ±«Çϸç,
±×µé¿¡°Ô¼ ¸ðµç ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀηùÀÇ »îÀÇ ÂüµÈ Àǹ̸¦
»©¾ÑÀ¸¸ç,
±×µé¿¡°Ô¼ ¿Ïº®À» ÇâÇÑ ¸ðµç Áøº¸¸¦
°¡·Î¸·´Â´Ù. |
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Those who do evil through ignorance of the truth pro¡©voke sympathy
with their victims and repugnance for their actions, they do harm only to
those they attack; but those who know the truth and do evil masked by
hypocrisy, injure themselves and their victims, and thousands of other men
as well who are led astray by the falsehood with which the wrongdoing is
disguised. |
Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«Áö·Î¼ ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ
Èñ»ýÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ µ¿Á¤°ú,
±×µéÀÇ Çൿµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨À»
ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Å°¸ç,
±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µéÀÌ °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇØ¸¦ ÁØ´Ù;
±×·¯³ª Áø¸®¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
À§¼±ÀÇ °¡¸éÀ» ¾²°í ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº,
Àڽŵé°ú
±×µéÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÚµé,
±×¸®°í ±× ¾ÇÇàÀÌ À§ÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Â
°ÅÁþ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾î±ß³ ¼öõÀÇ »ç¶÷µé ¸¶Àú »óÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. |
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Thieves, robbers, murderers, and cheats, who commit crimes recognized
by themselves and everyone else as evil, serve as an example of what ought
not to be done, and deter others from similar crimes. But those who commit
the same thefts, robberies, murders, and other crimes, dis¡©guising them
under all kinds of religious or scientific or humanitarian justifications,
as all landowners, merchants, manufacturers, and government officials do,
provoke others to imitation, and so do harm not only to those who are
directly the victims of their crimes, but to thousands and millions of men
whom they corrupt by obliterating their sense of the distinction between
right and wrong. |
µµµÏµé,
°µµµé,
»ìÀÎÀÚµé,
±×¸®°í »ç±â²Ûµé,
À̵éÀº
Àڽŵé°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¾ÇÀ̶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤µÈ
¹üÁ˵éÀ» ÀúÁö¸£¸ç,
ÇàÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß µÉ °ÍÀÇ ¿¹°¡ µÈ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À¯»çÇÑ ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Â °ÍÀ»
¾ïÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¶È °°Àº µµµÏÁú,
°µµÁú,
»ìÀÎµé ¹×
±âŸ ¹üÁ˵éÀ» ÀúÁö¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº,
¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¾±³Àû
¶Ç´Â °úÇÐÀû ¶Ç´Â Àηù¾ÖÀûÀÎ ±¸½Ç¾Æ·¡ À§ÀåÇϸé¼,
¸¶Ä¡ ¸ðµç ÁöÁÖµé,
»óÀεé,
Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚµé,
¹× Á¤ºÎ
°ü¸®µéÀÌ ±×·¯ÇϵíÀÌ,
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý
¸ð¹æÇϵµ·Ï À¯µµÇϰí,
±×·¸°Ô ÇØ¼ ±×µé ¹üÁËÀÇ
Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ Èñ»ýÀÚµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×µé¿¡°Ô¼ ¼± °ú ¾Ç¿¡
´ëÇÑ ±¸º° °¨°¢À» ¾ø¾Ö ¹ö¸²À¸·Î½á ±×µéÀÌ ºÎÆÐ ½ÃŰ´Â
¼öõ ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÇØ·Ó°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
A single fortune gained by trading in goods necessary to the people or
in goods pernicious in their effects, or by financial speculations, or by
acquiring land at a low price the value of which is increased by the needs
of the popula¡©tion, or by an industry ruinous to the health and life of
those employed in it, or by military or civil service of the state, or by
any employment which trades on men's evil instincts-a single fortune
acquired in any of these ways, not only with the sanction, but even with
the approbation of the leading men in society, and masked with an ostenta¡©tion
of philanthropy, corrupts men incomparably more than millions of thefts
and robberies committed against the recognized forms of law and punishable
as crimes. |
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇϰųª ±× È¿¿ë¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÇØ·Î¿î
»óǰÀÇ °Å·¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼,
¶Ç´Â ±ÝÀüÀÇ Åõ±â,
¶Ç´Â Àα¸ÀÇ
ÇÊ¿äµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ »ó½ÂµÇ´Â °¡Ä¡º¸´Ù ³·Àº °ªÀ¸·Î
ÅäÁö¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇϰųª,
¶Ç´Â °í¿ëµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °Ç°°ú
»ý¸í¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿î »ê¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼,
¶Ç´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ º´¿ªÀǹ«³ª
°ø¹«¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼,
¶Ç´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ÇÇÑ º»´ÉµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â
¾î¶°ÇÑ °í¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â ´Ü ÇѰ¡ÁöÀÇ Àç»êµµ-À̵é
¹æ¹ýµé ÁßÀÇ ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼¶óµµ Çü¼ºµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×¿¡
´ëÇÑ Àΰ¡ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
½ÉÁö¾î´Â »çȸÀÇ À¯·Â ÀλçµéÀÇ
½ÂÀÎÀ¸·Î¼,
±×¸®°í °ÑÄ¡·¹ÀÇ Àηù¾ÖÀÇ °¡¸éÀ» ¾´,
´Ü
ÇÑ °¡ÁöÀÇ Àç»êÀ̶óµµ,
ÀÎÁ¤µÈ ¹ýÀÇ Çüŵé°ú ¹üÁ˷μ
ó¹úµÇ´Â ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ µµµÏÁú°ú °µµÁú º¸´Ùµµ ´õ ºñ±³ÇÒ
¼ö ¾øÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÎÆÐ ½ÃŲ´Ù. |
|
A single execution carried out by prosperous educated men uninfluenced
by passion, with the approbation and assistance of Christian ministers,
and represented as some¡©thing necessary and even just, is infinitely more
corrupting and brutalizing to men than thousands of murders com¡©mitted by
uneducated working people under the influence of passion. An execution
such as was proposed by Joukovsky, which would produce even a sentiment of
religious emotion in the spectators, would be one of the most per¡©verting
actions imaginable. (See vol. iv. of the works of Joukovsky.) |
±âµ¶±³ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ ½ÂÀΰú ÇùÁ¶·Î¼,
°¨Á¤¿¡
Èçµé¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ±³À°À» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
ÁýÇàµÇ°í,
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸ç ½ÉÁö¾î Á¤´çÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ¸·Î
¿©°ÜÁö´Â ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ Ã³ÇüÀ̶óµµ,
°¨Á¤¿¡ ¿µÇâ¿¡
Á¿ìµÇ´Â ±³À° ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀúÁö¸¥
¼öõÀÇ »ìÀÎ º¸´Ùµµ ´õ¿í »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ºÎÆÐÀûÀ̰í
¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù.
ÁêÄں꽺۰¡ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ Ã³ÇüÀº,
½ÉÁö¾î
°üÁߵ鿡°Ô Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤ÀÇ Á¤¼¸¦ ºÒ·¯¿À´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î,
»ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå Ÿ¶ôÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿´´Ù. (ÁêÄں꽺ŰÀÇ
ÀÛǰ 4±ÇÀ» º¸¶ó.) |
|
Every war, even the most humanely conducted, with all its ordinary
consequences, the destruction of harvests, robberies, the license and
debauchery, and the murder with the justifications of its necessity and
justice, the exaltation and glorification of military exploits, the
worship of the flag, the patriotic sentiments, the feigned solicitude for
the wounded, and so on, does more in one year to pervert men's minds
than thousands of robberies, murders, and arsons perpetrated during
hundreds of years by individual men under the influence of passion. |
¸ðµç ÀüÀïÀº,
¾Æ¹«¸® ÀÚºñ½º·´°Ô ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù°í
ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ,
±× Æò¹üÇÑ °á°úµé·Î¼,
Áï,
³óÀÛ¹°ÀÇ ÆÄ±«,
°µµÁú,
¹æÅ½°ú ³ºÀ,
±×¸®°í ÇÊ¿ä¿Í Á¤ÀǸ¦ ±¸½Ç·Î
ÇÏ´Â »ìÀÎ,
±º´ëÀÇ ¾÷Àû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Äª¼Û°ú Âù¹Ì,
±¹±â¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¼þ¹è,
¾Ö±¹ÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤µé,
ºÎ»óÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ °ÑÄ¡·¹ÀÇ
¿°·Á µîÀ¸·Î¼,
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½µéÀ» Ÿ¶ô½ÃÅ´ÀÌ Àϳ⿡
ÇàÇØÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¨Á¤¿¡
Á¿ìµÇ¾î¼ ¼ö¹é ³â µ¿¾È ÀÚÇàµÇ´Â °µµÁú,
»ìÀÎ,
±×¸®°í ¹æÈµé º¸´Ù ´õ Å©´Ù. |
|
The luxurious expenditure of a single respectable and so-called
honorable family, even within the conventional limits, consuming as it
does the produce of as many days of labor as would suffice to provide for
thousands living in privation near, does more to pervert men's minds
than thousands of the violent orgies of coarse tradespeople, officers, and
workmen of drunken and debauched habits, who smash up glasses and crockery
for amusement. |
´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ Á¸°æ ¹Þ´Â ¼ÒÀ§ ±ÍÁ· °¡¹®ÀÇ »çÄ¡½º·¯¿î
ÁöÃâÀ̶óµµ,
½ÉÁö¾î °ü½ÀÀûÀÎ ÇÑ°è ¾È¿¡¼ÀÏÁö¶óµµ,
±Ùó¿¡¼ ±¾ÁÖ¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ¼öõÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸ÔÀ̱⿡
ÃæºÐÇÑ Á¤µµÀÇ ³ëµ¿ ÀÏ ¼ö ¸¸ÅÀ» ¼Ò¸ðÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼,
Àç¹Ì·Î¼ À¯¸®¿Í ±×¸©µéÀ» ºÎ¼ö´Â ¼öõÀÇ °ÅÄ£ »óÀεé,
¼ú ÃëÇÏ°í ¹æÅÁÇÑ ½À°üÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ³ÆøÇÑ
Èïû°Å¸²º¸´Ù »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½µéÀ» ´õ¿í Ÿ¶ô½Ã۰Ô
¸¸µç´Ù. |
|
One solemn religious procession, one service, one sermon from the
altar-steps or the pulpit, in which the preacher does not believe,
produces incomparably more evil than thousands of swindling tricks,
adulteration of food, and so on. |
´Ü ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ¾ö¼÷ÇÑ Á¾±³Àû Çà·Ä,
´Ü ÇѹøÀÇ ¿¹¹è,
¼³±³ÀÚ°¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼,
Á¦´ÜÀ̳ª
¼³±³´Ü¿¡¼ ÇàÇÏ´Â ´Ü ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ¼³±³¶óµµ,
¼öõÀÇ
»ç±âÀûÀÎ ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö,
ºÒ·® À½½Ä,
µîµî º¸´Ùµµ ´õ¿í ºñ±³ÇÒ
¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸® ¸¸Ä¡ ¸¹Àº ¾ÇÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù. |
|
We talk of the hypocrisy of the Pharisees. But the hypocrisy of our
society far surpasses the comparatively innocent hypocrisy of the
Pharisees. They had at least an external religious law, the fulfillment of
which hindered them from seeing their obligations to their neighbors.
Moreover, these obligations were not nearly so clearly defined in their
day. Nowadays we have no such religious law to exonerate us from our
duties to our neighbors (I am not speaking now of the coarse and ignorant
persons who still fancy their sins can be absolved by confession to a
priest or by the absolution of the Pope). On the contrary, the law of the
Gospel which we all profess in one form or another directly defines these
duties. Besides, the duties which had then been only vaguely and
mystically expressed by a few prophets have now been so clearly
formulated, have become such truisms, that they are repeated even by
schoolboys and journalists. And so it would seem that men of today cannot
pretend that they do not know these duties. |
¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÇ À§¼±À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®
»çȸÀÇ À§¼±Àº ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÇ ºñ±³Àû ¼ø¼öÇÑ À§¼±À»
ÈξÀ ´É°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â Àû¾îµµ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ
À²¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
±×°ÍÀÇ ¼ºÃë°¡ ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀڽŵéÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ½À» ¹æÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù.
°Ô´Ù°¡,
À̵é
Àǹ«µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ °ÅÀÇ ±×·¸°Ô Á¤È®ÇϰÔ
Á¤ÀǵÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
Àǹ«µéÀ» ¸éÁ¦ÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â ±×·± Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ À²¹ýÀÌ
¿ì¸®¿¡°Õ ¾ø´Ù (³ª´Â Áö±Ý ±×µéÀÇ Á˰¡ »çÁ¦µé¿¡°Ô
°í¹éÇÔÀ̳ª ±³È²ÀÇ ¸éÁË¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ »ç¸éµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í
¾ÆÁ÷µµ »ó»óÇÏ´Â °ÅÄ¥°í ¹«ÁöÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÁö
¾Ê´Ù).
¹Ý´ë·Î,
¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ÇüÅ·Π°í¹éÇÏ´Â
º¹À½¼ÀÇ À²¹ýÀº ÀÌ·± Àǹ«µéÀ» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇÇϰí
ÀÖ´Ù.
°Ô´Ù°¡,
¸î¸î ¼±ÁöÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ðÈ£Çϰí
½Åºñ½º·´°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´ø Àǹ«µéÀÌ Áö±ÝÀº ³Ê¹«³ª
¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
³Ê¹«³ª ÁøºÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾î¼,
±×°ÍµéÀº ½ÉÁö¾î ÇлýµéÀ̳ª ´ëÁß ÀÛ°¡µéµµ ÀοëÇϰí
ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×·¸±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ
ÀÌ Àǹ«µéÀ» ¸ð¸£°í Àִ ôÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾î º¸ÀδÙ. |
|
A man of the modern world who profits by the order of things based on
violence, and at the same time protests that he loves his neighbor and
does not observe what he is doing in his daily life to his neighbor, is
like a brigand who has spent his life in robbing men, and who, caught at
last, knife in hand, in the very act of striking his shrieking victim,
should declare that he had no idea that what he was doing was disagreeable
to the man he had robbed and was prepared to murder. Just as this robber
and murderer could not deny what was evident to everyone, so it would seem
that a man living upon the privations of the oppressed classes cannot
persuade himself and others that he desires the welfare of those he
plunders, and that he does not know how the advantages he enjoys are
obtained. |
Æø·Â¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ¼¼»ó Áú¼¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸¸é¼,
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϸç,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý¾Ö¿¡¼ ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö
¸øÇÏ´Â Çö´ë ¼¼°èÀÇ »ç¶÷Àº,
¸¶Ä¡ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °Å»ÇÔ¿¡
±×ÀÇ Æò»ýÀ» º¸³»°í,
¼Õ¿¡ Ä®À» µé°í¼,
ºñ¸íÀ» Áö¸£´Â
Èñ»ýÀÚ¿¡°Ô ³»¸®Ä¡·Á´Â ¼ø°£¿¡ ºÙÀâÇô¼´Â,
±×°¡ Çϰí
ÀÖ´Â ÇàÀ§°¡ ±×°¡ °µµÁú ÇÏ°í »ìÇØÇÏ·Á´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô
ÇØ·Î¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö ¸ô¶ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °µµ¿Í °°´Ù.
ÀÌ·± °µµ¿Í »ìÀÎÀÚ°¡ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸í¹éÇÑ °ÍÀ»
ºÎÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³,
¾ï¾Ð ¹Þ´Â °èÃþµéÀ» ¾àÅ»ÇÔÀ¸·Î
»ì¾Æ°¡´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×°¡
¾àÅ»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇູÀ» ¹Ù¶ó¸ç,
±×°¡ ´©¸®°í ÀÖ´Â
ÀÌÀ͵éÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾ò¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í È®½Å½Ãų
¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. |
|
It is impossible to convince ourselves that we do not know that there
are a hundred thousand men in prison in Russia alone to guarantee the
security of our property and tranquility, and that we do not know of the
law tribunals in which we take part, and which, at our initiative, condemn
those who have attacked our property or our security to prison, exile, or
forced labor, whereby men no worse than those who condemn them are ruined
and corrupted; or that we do not know that we only possess all that we do
possess because it has been acquired and is defended for us by murder and
violence. |
¿ì¸®´Â ·¯½Ã¾Æ Çϳª ¸¸À¸·Îµµ,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»ê°ú Æò¾ÈÀÇ
¾ÈÀüÀ» º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§Çؼ ¼ö¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¨¿Á¿¡
ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ð¸£¸ç,
¿ì¸®°¡ Âü¼®ÇÏ´Â ¹ýÁ¤À» ¸ð¸£¸ç,
±×°÷¿¡¼´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÁÖü°¡ µÇ¾î¼ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»êÀ̳ª
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ» À§ÇùÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °¨¿Á,
Ãß¹æ,
µµ´Â
°Á¦³ëµ¿¿¡ ¼±°íÇϸç,
±×·³À¸·Î½á,
»ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀ»
Á¤ÁËÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ°í ºÎÆÐµÊÀ» ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í;
¶Ç´Â ¿ì¸®´Â »ìÀΰú Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î¼ ȹµæµÇ¾îÁö°í ¼öÈ£
µÊÀ¸·Î½á,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÒ
»ÓÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ¿ì¸® ½º½º·Î¸¦ È®½Å½ÃŲ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. |
|
We cannot pretend that we do not see the armed police¡©man who marches
up and down beneath our windows to guarantee our security while we eat our
luxurious dinner, or look at the new piece at the theater, or that we are
unaware of the existence of the soldiers who will make their appearance
with guns and cartridges directly our property is attacked. |
¿ì¸®°¡ È·ÁÇÑ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ¶Ç´Â ±ØÀå¿¡¼ »õ·Î¿î
ÀÛǰÀ» ±¸°æÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ¾ÈÀüÀ» º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§Çؼ,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ ¿À¸£¶ô ³»¸®¶ô Ç౺ÇÏ´Â ¹«ÀåÇÑ °æÂû°üÀ»
¿ì¸®°¡ º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í Çϰųª,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»êÀÌ °ø°Ý
´çÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ÃѰú ź¾àµéÀ» ÈÞ´ëÇÏ°í ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â º´»çµéÀÇ
Á¸À縦 ¸ð¸£´Â °Íó·³ ÇൿÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
|
We know very well that we are only allowed to go on eating our dinner,
to finish seeing the new play, or to enjoy to the end the ball, the
Christmas fete, the promenade, the races or the hunt, thanks to the
policeman's revolver or the soldier's rifle, which will shoot down the
famished out¡©cast who has been robbed of his share, and who looks round
the corner with covetous eyes at our pleasures, ready to interrupt them
instantly, were not the policeman and the soldier there prepared to run up
at our first call for help. |
¿ì¸®°¡ µµ¿ò ¿äûÀ» ºÎ¸£Â¢ÀÚ ¸¶ÀÚ ´Þ·Á ¿Ã °æÂû°ü°ú
º´»çµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸òÀ» °Å»´çÇϰí,
ÁÖº¯À»
¹èȸÇÏ¸ç ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ Äè¶ôÀ» Ž¿å½º·¯¿î ´«À¸·Î
¹Ù¶óº¸¸é¼,
±Ý¹æÀÌ¶óµµ ½Ãºñ¸¦ °É °Í °°Àº ±¾ÁÖ¸°
ºÎ¶û¾Æ¸¦ ½î¾Æ¼ ³Ñ¾î¶ß¸®´Â °æÂû°üÀÇ ±ÇÃÑÀ̳ª
º´»çµéÀÇ ¼ÒÃÑÀÇ µµ¿ò ´öÅÃÀ¸·Î,
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸¸Âù¿¡¼
½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í,
»õ·Î¿î ¿¬±ØÀ» ¸¶Áö¸·±îÁö º¼ ¼ö
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
¹«µµÈ¸¸¦ ³¡±îÁö Áñ±æ ¼ö µµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
Å©¸®½º¸¶½º ÃàÁ¦,
Ȑ̴,
°æÁÖµéÀ̳ª »ç³ÉÀ» Áñ±æ ¼ö°¡
ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â ³Ê¹«µµ Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
And therefore just as a brigand caught in broad daylight in the act
cannot persuade us that he did not lift his knife in order to rob his
victim of his purse, and had no thought of killing him, we too, it would
seem, cannot persuade our¡©selves or others that the soldiers and
policemen around us are not to guard us, but only for defense against
foreign foes, and to regulate traffic and fetes and reviews; we cannot
persuade ourselves and others that we do not know that men do not like
dying of hunger, bereft of the right to gain their subsistence from the
earth on which they live; that they do not like working underground, in
the water, or in stifling heat, for ten to fourteen hours a day, at night
in factories to manufacture objects for our pleasure. One would imagine it
impossible to deny what is so obvious. Yet it is denied. |
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ȯÇÑ ´ë³·¿¡ ÇöÀå¿¡¼ ºÙÀâÈù
°µµ°¡ ±×ÀÇ Èñ»ýÀڷκÎÅÍ Áö°©À» »©¾Ñ±â À§Çؼ ±×ÀÇ
Ä®À» µéÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í,
±×µé Á×ÀÏ »ý°¢ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¼³µæÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³,
¿ì¸® ¿ª½Ãµµ
Àڽſ¡°Ô³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ º´»çµéÀ̳ª
°æÂû°üµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ Áö۱â À§Çؼ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
¿ÀÁ÷ ¿Ü±¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ø¼öµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹æ¾îÇϱâ À§Çؼ,
±×¸®°í ±³ÅëÀ̳ª ÃàÁ¦,
±×¸®°í º´»çµéÀÇ ¿º´½ÄÀ»
ÅëÁ¦Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù;
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ
»ì¾Æ°¡´Â Áö»ó¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÇ »ý°è ¼ö´ÜÀ» ¾òÀ» ±Ç¸®¸¦
¹ÚÅ»´çÇÏ°í¼ ±¾¾î Á×´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»;
¿ì¸®ÀÇ Äè¶ôÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹°°Ç µéÀ» Á¦Á¶ÇÏ´Â °øÀåµé¿¡¼ ¹ã
Áß¿¡ ÇÏ·ç 10
³»Áö 14
½Ã°£À» ¶¥ ¼Ó¿¡¼,
¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼,
¶Ç´Â
Áú½ÄÇÏ´Â ¿±â ¼Ó¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í Àڽſ¡°Ô³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô
¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¸°Ô ¸í¹éÇÑ °ÍÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í »ó»óÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ºÎÀεǰí
ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Still, there are, among the rich, especially among the young, and among
women, persons whom I am glad to meet more and more frequently, who, when
they are shown in what way and at what cost their pleasures are purchased,
do not try to conceal the truth, but hiding their heads in their hands,
cry: "Ah! Don't speak of that. If it is so, life is impossible." But
though there are such sincere people who even though they cannot renounce
their fault, at least see it, the vast majority of the men of the modern
world have so entered into the parts they play in their hypocrisy that
they boldly deny what is staring everyone in the face. |
¾ÆÁ÷µµ,
ºÎÀÚµé °¡¿îµ¥´Â,
Ưº°È÷ ÀþÀºÀÌµé °¡¿îµ¥,
±×¸®°í ¿©¼ºµé °¡¿îµ¥,
³»°¡ Á¡Á¡ ÀÚÁÖ Áñ°ÅÀÌ ¸¸³ª´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù,
±×·±µ¥ ±×µéÀº,
¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í
¾î¶² ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÇ Äè¶ôÀÌ »çµé¿©Áö´ÂÁö º¸°Ô µÇ¸é,
Áø¸®¸¦ ¼û±â·Á ½ÃµµÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ
¸Ó¸®µéÀ» ¼Õ ¾È¿¡ ¼û±â¸é¼,
¼Ò¸® Áö¸¥´Ù: ¡°¾Æ!
±×·¸°Ô
¸»¾¸ÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À.
¸¸ÀÏ ±×·¸´Ù¸é,
»îÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡±
±×·¯³ª ºñ·Ï ±×µéÀÇ À߸øÀ» ´Ü³äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ Àû¾îµµ
±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ±×·¸°Ô Áø½ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸,
Çö´ë
¼¼°èÀÇ ¾öû³ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ À§¼± ¾È¿¡¼
±×µéÀÌ ´ã´çÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¿ªÇҵ鿡 ³Ê¹«³ª ÆÄ°í µé¾î¼
±×µéÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ó±¼¿¡ ºþÈ÷ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ»
´ë´ãÇÏ°Ô ºÎÀÎÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"All that is unjust," they say; "no one forces the people to work
for the landowners and manufacturers. That is an affair of free contract.
Great properties and fortunes are necessary, because they provide and
organize work for the working classes. And labor in the factories and
workshops is not at all the terrible thing you make it out to be. Even if
there are some abuses in factories, the government and the public are
taking steps to obviate them and to make the labor of the factory workers
much easier, and even agreeable. The working classes are accustomed to
physical labor, and are, so far, fit for nothing else. The poverty of the
people is not the result of private property in land, nor of capitalistic
oppression, but of other causes: it is the result of the ignorance,
brutality, and intemperance of the people. And we men in authority who are
striving against this impoverishment of the people by wise legisla¡©tion,
we capitalists who are combating it by the extension of useful inventions,
we clergymen by religious instruc¡©tion, and we liberals by the formation
of trades unions, and the diffusion of education, are in this way
increasing the prosperity of the people without changing our own
positions. We do not want all to be as poor as the poor; we want all to be
as rich as the rich. As for the assertion that men are ill treated and
murdered to force them to work for the profit of the rich, that is a
sophism. The army is only called out against the mob, when the people, in
ignorance of their own interests, make disturbances and destroy the
tranquility necessary for the public welfare. In the same way, too, it is
necessary to keep in restraint the malefactors for whom the prisons and
gallows are established. We ourselves wish to suppress these forms of
punishment and are working in that direction." |
±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡°±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ºÎ´çÇÏ´Ù,
¾Æ¹«µµ
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÁöÁÖµé°ú Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚµéÀ» À§Çؼ ³ëµ¿Ç϶ó°í
°¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ÀÚÀ¯ °è¾àÀÇ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.
¾öû³
Àç»êµé°ú Å« µ·ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÚ
°è±ÞµéÀ» À§Çؼ ÀϰŸ®¸¦ ÁغñÇϰí Á¶Á÷ÇØ¾ß Çϱâ
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í °øÀåµé°ú ÀÛ¾÷Àåµé¿¡¼ÀÇ ³ëµ¿Àº
´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ÀüÇô ¹«¼¿î °ÍÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
ºñ·Ï °øÀåµé¿¡¼ ¾à°£ÀÇ È¤»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í
ÇÏ´õ¶ó°í,
Á¤ºÎ¿Í ´ëÁßÀº ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÇÇÇØ°¥ ¹æµµµéÀ»
ÃëÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í °øÀå ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ³ëµ¿À» ÈξÀ
½±µµ·Ï,
±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ÄèÀûÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ´Ù.
³ëµ¿ÀÚ
°è±ÞµéÀº À°Ã¼ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ÀûÀÀµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
¿©Å±îÁö ´Ù¸¥
¾î¶² °Í¿¡µµ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ °¡³Àº ÅäÁö¿¡
´ëÇÑ »çÀ¯ Àç»êÀ̳ª,
ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ ¾ï¾ÐÀÇ °á°ú°¡
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ ¿øÀε鿡 ÀÖ´Ù:
±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹«Áö,
ÀÜÀÎÇÔ,
±×¸®°í ¹«ÀýÁ¦ÀÇ °á°úÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ÁöÇý·Î¿î
ÀÔ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °¡³°ú ½Î¿ì´Â ±Ç·ÂÀ» Áã°í
ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸® »çµéÀº,
À¯ÀÍÇÑ ¹ß¸íµéÀÇ È®ÀåÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿©
±×°Í°ú ½Î¿ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸® ÀÚº»°¡µéÀº,
Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ
°¡¸£Ä§À» °¡Áø ¿ì¸® ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀº,
±×¸®°í ³ëµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ
Çü¼º°ú ±³À°ÀÇ È®»êÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸® ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀº,
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇØ¼ ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§µéÀ» º¯È½ÃŰÁö
¾Ê°í¼µµ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹ø¿µÀ» Áõ´ë ½Ã۰í ÀÖ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡³ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé ¸¸Å °¡³ÇØ Áö±â¸¦
¹Ù¶óÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù;
¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÎÀÚµé ¸¸Å
ºÎÀ¯ÇØ Áö±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ
ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§ÇØ ³ëµ¿Çϵµ·Ï ÇÐ´ë ´çÇÏ°í »ìÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù´Â
ÁÖÀå¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÑ,
±×°ÍÀº ±Ëº¯ÀÌ´Ù.
±º´ë´Â,
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ,
±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ü½Éµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«Áö·Î ÀÎÇØ¼,
¼Ò¶õÀ»
ÇÇ¿ì°í °ø°øÀÇ º¹Áö¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æò¾ÈÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ ¶§,
¿ÀÁ÷ ÆøµµµéÀ» Áø¾ÐÇϱâ À§Çؼ ¼ÒÁýµÈ´Ù.
¶È °°Àº
¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î,
¾ÇÇàÀÚµéÀ» Á¦ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÊ¿äÇϸç,
±×µéÀ»
À§Çؼ °¨¿Áµé°ú ±³¼ö´ë°¡ ¼¼¿öÁø´Ù.
¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀº ÀÌ·±
ó¹ú ÇüŵéÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ¸ç ±× ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ³ë·ÂÇϰí
ÀÖ´Ù.¡± |
|
Hypocrisy in our day is supported on two sides: by false religion and
by false science. And it has reached such proportions that if we were not
living in its midst, we could not believe that men could attain such a
pitch of self-deception. Men of the present day have come into such an
extraordinary condition, their hearts are so hardened, that seeing they
see not, hearing they do not hear, and understand not. |
¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ À§¼±Àº µÎ Áø¿µ¿¡¼ ÁöÁö µÈ´Ù:
°ÅÁþµÈ
Á¾±³¿Í °ÅÁþµÈ °úÇÐÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡
±×°Íµé ¾È¿¡¼ »ì°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
±×Åä·Ï ½É°¢ÇÑ Àڱ⠱⸸¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó°í ¹ÏÀ»
¼ö ¾ø´Â Á¤µµ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù.
Çö ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×Åä·Ï
ÀÌ»óÇÑ »óÅ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇßÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½Àº ³Ê¹«³ª
¿Ï¾ÇÇØÁ®¼,
±×µéÀº º¸·Á ÇÏÁö¸¸ º¸Áö ¸øÇϰí,
µéÀ¸·Á
ÇÏÁö¸¸ µèÁö ¸øÇϸç,
±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. |
|
Men have long been living in antagonism to their con¡©science. If it
were not for hypocrisy they could not go on living such a life. This
social organization in opposition to their conscience only continues to
exist because it is dis¡©guised by hypocrisy. |
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É°ú ¹Ý¸ñÇÏ¸ç »ì¾Æ°¡°í
ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ À§¼±ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù¸é,
±×µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ »îÀ»
»ì¾Æ °¥ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â
ÀÌ·± »çȸÀû Á¶Á÷Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ À§¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ À§ÀåµÇ±â
¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ °è¼ÓÇØ¼ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. |
|
And the greater the divergence between actual life and men's
conscience, the greater the extension of hypocrisy. But even hypocrisy has
its limits. And it seems to me that we have reached those limits in the
present day. |
±×¸®°í ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ »î°ú »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ °¥¶óÁüÀÌ Å©¸é
Ŭ¼ö·Ï,
À§¼±ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªµµ Ä¿Áø´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ½ÉÁö¾î À§¼±µµ
±× ÇѰ谡 ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â Çö ½Ã´ë¿¡ ±× ÇѰ迡
µµÂøÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ³»°Ô ´À²¸Áø´Ù. |
|
Every man of the present day with the Christian princi¡©ples
assimilated involuntarily in his conscience, finds him¡©self in precisely
the position of a man asleep who dreams that he is obliged to do something
which even in his dream he knows he ought not to do. He knows this in the
depths of his conscience, and all the same he seems unable to change his
position; he cannot stop and cease doing what he ought not to do. And just
as in a dream, his position becoming more and more painful, at last
reaches such a pitch of intensity that he begins sometimes to doubt the
reality of what is passing and makes a moral effort to shake off the
nightmare which is oppressing him. |
Àڱ⵵ ¸ð¸£°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®µéÀ»
Èí¼öÇÑ Çö ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷Àº,
½ÉÁö¾î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ²Þ
¼Ó¿¡¼µµ ±×°¡ ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÇàÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ²Þ²Ù¸ç Àáµé¾î ÀÖ´Â
»ç¶÷ÀÇ »óÅÂ¿Í ¶È°°À½À» ¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù.
±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾ç½É ±íÀº
°÷¿¡¼ À̰ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
»óŸ¦ º¯ÈÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾î º¸ÀδÙ;
±×´Â ±×°¡ ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß
ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÔÀ» ¸ØÃß°í ÁßÁöÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
±×¸®°í
²Þ¿¡¼¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î,
±×ÀÇ À§Ä¡´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ
°íÅ뽺·¯¿öÁö¸ç,
¸¶Ä§³» ³Ê¹«³ª ½ÉÇÑ Áö°æ¿¡ À̸£·¯¼
±×´Â ¶§¶§·Î ÀÏ¾î ³ª°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÇ Çö½ÇÀ» ÀǽÉÇϱâ
½ÃÀÛÇÏ¸ç ±×¸¦ ¾ï´©¸£°í ÀÖ´Â ¾Ç¸ùÀ» ¶³ÃĹö¸®·Á°í
µµ´öÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. |
|
This is just the condition of the average man of our Christian society.
He feels that all that he does himself and that is done around him is
something absurd, hideous, impossible, and opposed to his conscience; he
feels that his position is becoming more and more unendurable and reaching
a crisis of intensity. |
À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸® ±âµ¶±³ »çȸÀÇ º¸Åë»ç¶÷ÀÇ
»óȲÀÌ´Ù.
±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇàÇÏ¸ç ±×ÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡¼ ÇàÇØÁö´Â
¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ºÒÇÕ¸®Çϸç,
¹«¼·°í,
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç,
±×ÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À³¤´Ù;
±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ
óÁö°¡ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÂüÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç ±ØµµÀÇ À§±â¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÔÀ»
´À³¤´Ù. |
|
It is not possible that we modern men, with the Christian sense of
human dignity and equality permeating us soul and body, with our need for
peaceful association and unity between nations, should really go on living
in such a way that every joy, every gratification we have is bought by the
sufferings, by the lives of our brother men, and more¡©over, that we
should be every instant within a hair's-breadth of falling on one
another, nation against nation, like wild beasts, mercilessly destroying
men's lives and labor, only because some benighted diplomatist or ruler
says or writes some stupidity to another equally benighted diplomatist or
ruler. |
¿ì¸® Çö´ëÀεéÀÌ,
Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¸¾ö¼º°ú ÆòµîÀÇ
±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̰¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿µÈ¥°ú ¸ö¿¡ ½º¸çµé¾î
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±¹°¡ °£ÀÇ ÆòÈ·Î¿î ±³·ù¿Í ¿¬ÇÕÀÇ Çʿ並
´À³¢¸é¼µµ,
Á¤¸» ±×·± ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î »îÀ» »ì¾Æ°¨À¸·Î
ÀÎÇØ¼,
¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Áö´Â ¸ðµç Áñ°Å¿ò,
¸ðµç ¸¸Á·µéÀÌ
¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¿Æ÷µéÀÇ °íÅë°ú ¸ñ¼ûÀ¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀº
ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í À̻Ӹ¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
¿ì¸®°¡ ¸Å ¼ø°£
¸¶´Ù ¼·Î¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÒ ÁöôÀÇ °Å¸® ¾È¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±¹°¡°¡
±¹°¡¸¦ ´ëÀûÇϸç,
¸¶Ä¡ µéÁü½Âµéó·³,
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ
¸ñ¼ûµé°ú ³ëµ¿À» ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô ÆÄ±«Çϰí,
À̰ÍÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷
¹«ÁöÇÑ ¾î¶² ¿Ü±³°üÀ̳ª ÅëÁöÀÚ°¡ ¶È°°ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹«ÁöÇÑ
¿Ü±³°üÀ̳ª ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ¾î¸®¼®Àº °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϰųª
±â·ÏÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. |
|
It is impossible. Yet every man of our day sees that this is so and
awaits the calamity. And the situation becomes more and more
insupportable. |
±×°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µéÀº À̰ÍÀº ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸ç Àç¾ÓÀ»
±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±× »óȲÀº Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÁöÅÊÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. |
|
And as the man who is dreaming does not believe that what appears to
him can be truly the reality and tries to wake up to the actual real world
again, so the average man of modern days cannot in the bottom of his heart
believe that the awful position in which he is placed and which is growing
worse and worse can be the reality, and tries to wake up to a true, real
life, as it exists in his conscience. |
±×¸®°í ²ÞÀ» ²Ù°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ Àڽſ¡°Ô º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ
ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î Çö½ÇÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç,
´Ù½Ã ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ
ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¼¼»óÀ¸·Î ±ú¾î ³ª·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾²´Â °Íó·³,
Çö´ëÀÇ
º¸Åë »ç¶÷Àº ±×ÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ú¿¡¼ ±×°¡ Ã³ÇØ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¾ÇȵǴ ¹«¼¿î À§Ä¡°¡ Çö½ÇÀÏ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í
¹ÏÀ¸¸ç,
±×ÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °Í °°Àº,
Áø½ÇÇϸç
ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ »îÀ¸·Î ±ú¾î³ª·Á ¾Ö¸¦ ¾´´Ù. |
|
And just as the dreamer need only make a moral effort and ask himself,
"Isn't it a dream?" and the situation which seemed to him so
hopeless will instantly disappear, and he will wake up to peaceful and
happy reality, so the man of the modern world need only make a moral
effort to doubt the reality presented to him by his own hypocrisy and the
general hypocrisy around him, and to ask himself, "Isn't it all a
delusion?" and he will at once, like the dreamer awakened, feel himself
transported from an imag¡©inary and dreadful world to the true, calm, and
happy reality. |
±×¸®°í ²Þ²Ù´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ µµ´öÀûÀÌ ³ë·ÂÀ» Çϸç,
Àڽſ¡°Ô, ¡°À̰ÍÀÌ ²ÞÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò±î?
ÇÏ°í ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô
¹°À¸¸é Çʿ䰡 ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×·¯¸é,
±×¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª Èñ¸ÁÀÌ
¾ø´Ù°í ´À²¸Áö´Â »óȲÀÌ Áï½Ã »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀ̰í,
±×´Â
ÆòȽº·´°í ÇູÇÑ Çö½Ç·Î ±ú¾î³ª´Â °Íó·³,
ÇöÀç
¼¼»óÀÇ »ç¶÷Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À§¼±°ú ±× ÁÖº¯ÀÇ
ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ À§¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ³ªÅ¸³ Çö½ÇÀ» ÀǽÉÇÏ·Á´Â
µµ´öÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀ» Çϰí, ¡°ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¸Á»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò±î?¡±
ÇÏ°í ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹°À» Çʿ䰡 ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×·¯¸é,
±×´Â
´çÀå,
¸¶Ä¡ ²Þ²Ù´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±ú¾î³ °Íó·³,
»ó»óÀÇ
¹«¼¿î ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ Áø½ÇÇϸç,
Æò¾ÈÇϸç,
ÇູÇÑ Çö½Ç·Î
¿Å¾Æ°¨À» ´À³¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
And to do this a man need accomplish no great feats or exploits. He
need only make a moral effort. |
±×¸®°í ÀÌÀÏÀ» ÇàÇϱâ À§Çؼ,
»ç¶÷Àº °Å´ëÇÑ
¾÷ÀûµéÀ̳ª °øÀûµéÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù.
±×´Â ¿ÀÁ÷
µµ´öÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. |
|
But can a man make this effort? |
±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? |
|
According to the existing theory so essential to support hypocrisy, man
is not free and cannot change his life. |
±×·¯ÇÑ À§¼±À» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ À̷п¡ ÀÇÇϸé,
»ç¶÷Àº ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í
ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"Man cannot change his life, because he is not free. He is not free,
because all his actions are conditioned by pre¡©viously existing causes.
And whatever the man may do there are always some causes or other through
which he does these or those acts, and therefore man cannot be free and
change his life," say the champions of the metaphysics of hypocrisy. And
they would be perfectly right if man were a creature without conscience
and incapable of mov¡©ing toward the truth; that is to say, if after
recognizing a new truth, man always remained at the same stage of moral
development. But man is a creature with a con¡©science and capable of
attaining a higher and higher degree of truth. And therefore even if man
is not free as regards performing these or those acts because there exists
a previous cause for every act, the very causes of his acts, consisting as
they do for the man of conscience of the recognition of this or that
truth, are within his own control. |
¡°»ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×´Â
ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×´Â ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§´Â ±âÁ¸¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¿øÀε鿡
À§Çؼ Á¿ìµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇàÇÏ´Â
¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×°¡ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â
ÀÌ·± Àú·± ¿øÀεéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ï
¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù,¡±¶ó°í À§¼±¿¡
°üÇÑ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀÇ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÌ
¾ç½ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÇÁ¶¹°À̸ç Áø¸®¸¦ ÇâÇØ¼ ³ª¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é ±×µéÀº ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ¿ÇÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù;
´Ù½Ã
¸»Çϸé,
Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÑ ´ÙÀ½¿¡,
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª µµ´öÀû
¹ßÀü¿¡¼ ¶È °°Àº ´Ü°è¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸¥´Ù¸é ±×·¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷Àº ¾ç½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³ô°í ³ôÀº Áø¸®ÀÇ
°æÁö¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ÇÇÁ¶¹°ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ½ÉÁö¾î ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ðµç Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ÇàÀ§µéÀ»
¼öÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù¸é,
ÀÌ·± ÇàÀ§µé¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ±× ¿øÀεéÀÌ,
¾ç½ÉÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·± Àú·±
Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¹Ç·Î,
±×
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÅëÁ¦ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
So that though man may not be free as regards the performance of his
actions, he is free as regards the foun¡©dation on which they are
performed. Just as the mechan¡©ician who is not free to modify the
movement of his loco¡©motive when it is in motion, is free to regulate the
machine beforehand so as to determine what the movement is to be. |
±×·¡¼ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ Áö¶óµµ,
ÇàÀ§µéÀÌ ¼öÇàµÇ´Â
±âÃÊ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡,
±â¼úÀÚ°¡
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±â°üÂ÷°¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¶§ ±×°ÍÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Â
°Í¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ,
»çÀü¿¡ ±â°è¸¦
Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© ¾î¶»°Ô ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î °Í°ú °°´Ù. |
|
Whatever the conscious man does, he acts just as he does, and not
otherwise, only because he recognizes that to act as he is acting is in
accord with the truth, or because he has recognized it at some previous
time, and is now only through inertia, through habit, acting in accordance
with his previous recognition of truth. |
ÀǽÄÀ» Áö´Ñ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇàÇϵçÁö,
±×´Â ±×°¡
ÇàÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ÇàÇÒ »ÓÀ̸ç,
´Ù¸§Àº ¾ø´Ù,
¿ÀÁ÷ ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â,
±×°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Áø¸®¿Í ÀÏÄ¡Çϰųª,
±×°¡
°ú°Å ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ¿´À¸³ª,
ÀÌÁ¦ ¿ÀÁ÷
¹«´ÉÇÔÀ¸·Î,
½À°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼,
°ú°Å¿¡ ÀνÄÇÑ Áø¸®¿¡
ÀÏÄ¡µÇ°Ô ÇàÇϰí ÀÖÀ½À» ÀνÄÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
In any case, the cause of his action is not to be found in any given
previous fact, but in the consciousness of a given relation to truth, and
the consequent recognition of this or that fact as a sufficient basis for
action. |
¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡µµ,
±×ÀÇ ÇൿÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÁÖ¾îÁø
»ç½Ç¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸³ª,
Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁÖ¾îÁø °ü°èÀÇ
ÀνÄ,
±×¸®°í ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÃæºÐÇÑ ±Ù°Å·Î¼ ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ ÀÌ·±
Àú·± »ç½ÇÀÇ ÀνĿ¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Whether a man eats or does not eat, works or rests, runs risks or
avoids them, if he has a conscience he acts thus only because he considers
it right and rational, because he considers that to act thus is in harmony
with truth, or else because he has made this reflection in the past. |
»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸Ôµç ¾È ¸Ôµç,
ÀÏÇϵç ÈÞ½ÄÇϵç,
À§ÇèÀ»
¸ÂÀÌÇϰųª ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÇÇÇϰųª,
¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¾ç½ÉÀ»
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
±×´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ÇÀ¸¸ç À̼ºÀûÀ̶ó°í
¿©±â±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÑ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×·¸°Ô
ÇൿÇÔÀº Áø¸®¿Í ÀÏÄ¡Çϰųª,
°ú°Å¿¡ ±×°¡ ÀÌ·± »ý°¢À»
ÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The recognition or non-recognition of a certain truth depends not on
external causes, but on certain other causes within the man himself. So
that at times under external conditions apparently very favorable for the
recognition of truth, one man will not recognize it, and another, on the
contrary, under the most unfavorable conditions will without apparent
cause, recognize it. As it is said in the Gos¡©pel, "No man can come
unto me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him." That is to say,
the recognition of truth, which is the cause of all the manifestations of
human life, does not depend on external phenomena, but on certain inner
spiritual characteristics of the man which escape our observation. |
ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ºñÀνÄÀº ¿ÜÀûÀÎ ¿øÀε鿡
ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç¶÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡ Àִ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ
´Ù¸¥ ¿øÀε鿡 ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¡¼ ¶§·Î´Â Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνĿ¡
¸í¹éÈ÷ ¸Å¿ì ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óȲµé ¾Æ·¡¼µµ,
¾î¶²
»ç¶÷Àº ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç,
¹Ý´ë·Î,
´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷Àº °¡Àå ¿¾ÇÇÑ »óȲ ¾Æ·¡¼µµ,
¸í¹éÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀÌ
¾ø´õ¶óµµ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº º¹À½¼¿¡
±â·ÏµÈ ¹Ù, ¡°³» ¾Æ¹öÁö²²¼ ¿À°Ô ÇÏ¿© ÁÖÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϽøé
´©±¸µçÁö ³»°Ô ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¡±
¿Í °°´Ù.
´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé,
Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνÄÀº,
À̰ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ðµç Ç¥»óµéÀÇ
¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î¼,
¿ÜÀûÀÎ Çö»ó¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ °üÃøÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ³»ÀûÀÎ ¿µÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ
Ư¼ºµé¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. |
|
And therefore man, though not free in his acts, always feels himself
free in what is the motive of his acts-the recognition or non-recognition
of truth. And he feels him¡©self independent not only of facts external to
his own per¡©sonality, but even of his own actions. |
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î,
»ç¶÷Àº,
ºñ·Ï ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡¼
ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ,
¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¿±â-Áø¸®ÀÇ
ÀÎ½Ä ¶Ç´Â ºñÀνÄ-¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ½º½º·Î ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ´À³¤´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼º°Ý¿¡ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »ç½Çµé¿¡
´ëÇØ¼ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
½ÉÁö¾î ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡
´ëÇØ¼µµ µ¶¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» ´À³¤´Ù. |
|
Thus a man who under the influence of passion has committed an act
contrary to the truth he recognizes, remains none the less free to
recognize it or not to recog¡©nize it; that is, he can by refusing to
recognize the truth regard his action as necessary and justifiable, or he
may recognize the truth and regard his act as wrong and censure himself
for it. |
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© °¨Á¤ÀÇ ¿µÇ⠾Ʒ¡¼ ±×°¡ ÀνÄÇÏ´Â Áø¸®¿¡
´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹üÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí
±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÔÀ̳ª ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù,
Áï,
±×´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔÀ» °ÅºÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦
ÇÊ¿äÇϸç Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±æ ¼ö Àְųª,
¶Ç´Â ±×´Â Áø¸®¸¦
ÀνÄÇÏ°í ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â°í ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼
ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Ã¥¸ÁÇÒ ¼ö µµ ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Thus a gambler or a drunkard who does not resist temp¡©tation and
yields to his passion is still free to recognize gambling and drunkenness
as wrong or to regard them as a harmless pastime. In the first case even
if he does not at once get over his passion, he gets the more free from it
the more sincerely he recognizes the truth about it; in the second case he
will be strengthened in his vice and will deprive himself of every
possibility of shaking it off. |
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© À¯È¤À» ¹°¸®Ä¡Áö ¾Ê°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤¿¡
±¼º¹ÇÏ´Â ³ë¸§²ÛÀ̳ª ÁÖÁ¤¹ðÀ̰¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³ë¸§À̳ª ¼ú
ÃëÇÔÀ» ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù°í ÀνÄÇϰųª ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÇØ·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀº
¼ÒÀϰŸ®¶ó°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù.
ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ °æ¿ì,
±×°¡ ´çÀå ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ±Øº¹ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ,
±×´Â ±×°¡ ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Áö¸é Áú¼ö·Ï,
±×°Í¿¡
´ëÇÑ Áø¸®¸¦ ´õ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù;
µÎ ¹øÂ°ÀÇ
°æ¿ì¿¡ ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ÇÇÔÀ» ´õ¿í »Ñ¸®±í°Ô ÇÏ¿©¼
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» Åоî¹ö¸± ¸ðµç °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÀÒ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
In the same way a man who has made his escape alone from a house on
fire, not having had the courage to save his friend, remains free,
recognizing the truth that a man ought to save the life of another even at
the risk of his own, to regard his action as bad and to censure himself
for it, or, not recognizing this truth, to regard his action as natural
and necessary and to justify it to himself. In the first case, if he
recognizes the truth in spite of his departure from it, he prepares for
himself in the future a whole series of acts of self-sacrifice necessarily
flowing from this recog¡©nition of the truth; in the second case, a whole
series of egoistic acts. |
¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ºÒÀÌ ³ Áý¿¡¼ È¥ÀÚ¸¸ Å»ÃâÀ»
°¨ÇàÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ,
±×ÀÇ Ä£±¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ ¿ë±â°¡ ¾ø¾îµµ,
ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Å³ª,
½ÉÁö¾î ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ¹ö·Á¼¶óµµ
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» »ì·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ±ú´Ý°í¼,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ³ª»Ú´Ù°í ¿©±â¸ç ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀ»
ÁúÃ¥Çϰųª,
¾Æ´Ï¸é,
ÀÌ·± Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇϰí¼,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿ì¸ç ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â¸é¼
±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á¤´çÈÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù.
ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ °æ¿ì,
¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®µÊ¿¡µµ
ºÒ±¸Çϰí Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×´Â ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î Èê·¯³ª¿À´Â ÀÚ±â Èñ»ý
ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ Àüü °úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç;
µÎ ¹øÂ°ÀÇ
°æ¿ì¿¡´Â,
À̱âÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ ÃÑüÀû Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Not that a man is always free to recognize or to refuse to recognize
every truth. There are truths which he has recognized long before or which
have been handed down to him by education and tradition and accepted by
him on faith, and to follow these truths has become a habit, a second
nature with him; and there are truths, only vaguely, as it were distantly,
apprehended by him. The man is not free to refuse to recognize the first,
nor to recognize the second class of truths. But there are truths of a
third kind, which have not yet become an unconscious motive of action, but
yet have been revealed so clearly to him that he cannot pass them by, and
is inevitably obliged to do one thing or the other, to recognize or not to
recognize them. And it is in regard to these truths that the man's
freedom mani¡©fests itself. |
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¸ðµç Áø¸®µéÀ» ÀνÄÇϰųª
ÀνÄÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÔ¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
Áø¸®µé
Áß¿¡´Â ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ÀνĵǾú°Å³ª,
±³À°À̳ª ÀüÅëÀ»
ÅëÇÏ¿© ±×¿¡°Ô Àü¼öµÇ¾î ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© Áö°í,
ÀÌ·±
Áø¸®µéÀ» µû¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ½À°ü,
Áï ±×¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ Á¦ 2ÀÇ
õ¼ºÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö¸° °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù;
±×¸®°í,
¸¶Ä¡ ¸Ö¸® ÀÖ´Â
°Íó·³,
±×¿¡°Ô ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ÀνĵǴ Áø¸®µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ °ÍÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀνÄÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¶ÇÇÑ
µÎ ¹øÂ° ¹üÁÖÀÇ Áø¸®µéµµ ÀνÄÇÔµµ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¼¼ ¹øÂ° Á¾·ùÀÇ Áø¸®µéÀÌ Àִµ¥,
±×°ÍµéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷
ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ µ¿±â°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸,
±×¿¡°Ô
³Ê¹«³ª ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¹àÇôÁ®¼ ±×´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» Áö³ªÄ¥ ¼ö°¡
¾øÀ¸¸ç,
ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î À̰ÍÀ̵ç Àú°ÍÀ̵ç ÇàÇϰųª,
±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀνÄÇϰųª ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß µÈ´Ù.
±×¸®°í
»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± Áø¸®µé¿¡
°ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Every man during his life finds himself in regard to truth in the
position of a man walking in the darkness with light thrown before him by
the lantern he carries. He does not see what is not yet lighted up by the
lantern; he does not see what he has passed which is hidden in the
darkness; but at every stage of his journey he sees what is lighted up by
the lantern, and he can always choose one side or the other of the road. |
Á¦°¢±â »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àλý¿¡¼ Áø¸®¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â µîÀ¸·Î Àڱ⠾ÕÀ» ºñÃß¸ç ¾îµÒ ¼ÓÀ»
°É¾î°¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ã³Áö¿Í °°´Ù.
±×´Â µîÀ¸·Î¼ ¾ÆÁ÷
ºñÃßÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù;
±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Áö³ªÃļ
¾îµÒ ¼Ó¿¡ ¼û°ÜÁø °ÍÀ» º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ
¿©ÇàÀÇ Á¦°¢±â ´Ü°è¿¡¼ µîÀ¸·Î ºñÃß¾î Áö´Â °ÍÀ» º»´Ù
±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÌÂÊ ±æÀ̳ª ÀúÂÊ ±æÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
There are always unseen truths not yet revealed to the man's
intellectual vision, and there are other truths out¡©lived, forgotten, and
assimilated by him, and there are also certain truths that rise up before
the light of his reason and require his recognition. And it is in the
recognition or non-recognition of these truths that what we call his
freedom is manifested. |
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÁöÀûÀÎ ½Ã¾ß¿¡ ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº Áø¸®µéÀº
¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÖ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ³°¾Æ ºüÁö°í,
ÀØÇôÁö°í ±×¿¡°Ô
Èí¼öµÈ ´Ù¸¥ Áø¸®µéµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×¸®°í,
¶ÇÇÑ ±×ÀÇ
À̼ºÀÇ ºû ¾Õ¿¡ ¼Ú¾Æ³ª¼ ±×ÀÇ ÀνÄÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϴ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ
Áø¸®µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¼ÒÀ§ ±×ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀº
¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± Áø¸®µéÀÇ ÀÎ½Ä ¶Ç´Â ºñÀνĿ¡ ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
All the difficulty and seeming insolubility of the question of the
freedom of man results from those who tried to solve the question
imagining man as stationary in his re¡©lation to the truth. |
»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾î·Á¿ò°ú ¿Ü°ß»ó
ºÒ°¡ÇØÇÔÀº »ç¶÷Àº Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼
Á¤Ã¼µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í »ó»óÇÏ¸é¼ ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ç®·Á°í
½ÃµµÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊ·¡µÈ´Ù. |
|
Man is certainly not free if we imagine him stationary, and if we
forget that the life of a man and of humanity is nothing but a continual
movement from darkness into light, from a lower stage of truth to a
higher, from a truth more alloyed with errors to a truth more purified
from them. |
¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á¤Ã¼µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í »ó»óÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×¸®°í »ç¶÷°ú ÀηùÀÇ »îÀÌ ´ÜÁö ¾îµÒ¿¡¼ ºûÀ¸·Î,
³·Àº
´Ü°èÀÇ Áø¸®¿¡¼ ³ôÀº ´Ü°è·Î,
´õ ¸¹Àº ¿À·ù·Î Á¡Ã¶µÈ
Áø¸®¿¡¼ ´õ¿í´õ Á¤ÈµÈ Áø¸®·Î Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î
À̵¿ÇÔÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀØ¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù¸é,
»ç¶÷Àº ºÐ¸íÈ÷
ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê´Ù. |
|
Man would not be free if he knew no truth at all, and in the same way
he would not be free and would not even have any idea of freedom if the
whole truth which was to guide him in life had been revealed once for all
to him in all its purity without any admixture of error. |
¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«·± Áø¸®µµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù¸é,
±×¸®°í ¶È °°Àº
¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Àλý¿¡¼ ±×µé ÀεµÇÒ Àüü Áø¸®°¡,
¾î¶°ÇÑ
°áÁ¡µµ È¥ÇÕµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ¼ø¼öÇÔ ±× ÀÚü·Î¼,
ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡
¸ðµÎ ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù¸é,
±×´Â ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
But man is not stationary in regard to truth, but every individual man
as he passes through life, and humanity as a whole in the same way, is
continually learning to know a greater and greater degree of truth, and
growing more and more free from error. |
±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷Àº Áø¸®¿¡ °üÇÑÇÑ Á¤Ã¼µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù,
±×·¯³ª Á¦°¢±â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×¸®°í ¶È °°Àº
¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Àüü Àηù°¡,
»îÀ» ÅëÇØ Áö³ª°¡¸é¼,
Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¡Á¡ Å« Á¤µµÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾î °¡°í
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¿À·ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿öÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
And therefore men are in a threefold relation to truth. Some truths
have been so assimilated by them that they have become the unconscious
basis of action, others are only just on the point of being revealed to
him, and a third class, though not yet assimilated by him, have been
revealed to him with sufficient clearness to force him to decide either to
recognize them or to refuse to recognize them. |
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷µéÀº Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¼¼°¡Áö·Î
°ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¾î¶² Áø¸®µéÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¼Ó¼ÓµéÀÌ
Èí¼öµÇ¾î¼ ÇൿÀÇ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ±âÃʰ¡ µÇ¾ú°í,
´Ù¸¥
°ÍµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸· ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁö´Â ´Ü°è¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
¼¼
¹øÂ° Á¾·ù´Â,
¾ÆÁ÷ ±×¿¡°Ô Èí¼öµÇÁø ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸,
ÃæºÐÇÑ
¸í¹éÇÔÀ¸·Î ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁ®¼ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀνÄÇϰųª
ÀνÄÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÒ °ÍÀ» °¿äÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
These, then, are the truths which man is free to recog¡©nize or to
refuse to recognize. |
±×·¸´Ù¸é,
À̰͵éÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ ÀνÄÇϰųª
ÀνÄÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â Áø¸®µéÀÌ´Ù. |
|
The liberty of man does not consist in the power of act¡©ing
independently of the progress of life and the influences arising from it,
but in the capacity for recognizing and acknowledging the truth revealed
to him, and becoming the free and joyful participator in the eternal and
infinite work of God, the life of the world; or on the other hand for
refusing to recognize the truth, and so being a miser¡©able and reluctant
slave dragged whither he has no desire to go. |
»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â »îÀÇ Áøº¸³ª ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯¹ßµÇ´Â
¿µÇâµé·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¶¸³µÇ¾î ÇൿÇÏ´Â Èû¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇô Áö´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇϰí ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí,
¼¼»óÀÇ »ý¸íÀÎ,
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÌ¸ç ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ÇàÀ§¿¡
ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í Áñ°Å¿î Âü¿©ÀÚ°¡ µÇ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù;
¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥
ÇÑ ÆíÀ¸·Î,
Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ°í ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×°¡
¿øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °÷À¸·Î ²ø·Á°¡´Â ºÒ½ÖÇÏ°í ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇØ ÇÏ´Â
³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Truth not only points out the way along which human life ought to move,
but reveals also the only way along which it can move. And therefore all
men must willingly or unwillingly move along the way of truth, some spon¡©taneously
accomplishing the task set them in life, others submitting involuntarily
to the law of life. Man's freedom lies in the power of this choice. |
Áø¸®´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÌ µû¶ó°¡¸ç ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â ±æÀ» °¡¸®Å³
»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
±×°ÍÀÌ ÁøÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±æÀ»
¹àÇôÁØ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚÀǵç
ŸÀǵç Áø¸®ÀÇ ±æÀ» µû¶ó °¡¾ßÇϸç,
¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº »î¿¡
Á¤ÇØÁø ÀÓ¹«µéÀ» ÀÚ¿¬½º·¹ ¿Ï¼öÇϸç,
¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº
»îÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ ¾ïÁö·Î ±¼º¹Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù,
»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â ÀÌ·±
¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â Èû¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
This freedom within these narrow limits seems so insignificant to men
that they do not notice it. Some-¡©the determinists-consider this amount
of freedom so trifling that they do not recognize it at all. Others-the
champions of complete free will-keep their eyes fixed on their
hypothetical free will and neglect this which seemed to them such a
trivial degree of freedom. |
ÀÌ·± Çù¼ÒÇÑ ÇѰèµé ¾È¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô
³Ê¹«³ª »ç¼ÒÇÏ°Ô º¸¿©¼ ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®Áö
¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
¾î¶² »ç¶÷µé-°áÁ¤·ÐÀÚµé-Àº ÀÌÁ¤µµÀÇ
ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾ÆÁÖ ´ë¼ö·ÓÁö ¾Ê°Ô ¿©°Ü¼ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÁ¶Â÷
ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé-¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁöÀÇ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµé-Àº
±×µéÀÇ °¡¼³ÀûÀÎ ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ´«µéÀ»
°íÁ¤½Ã۰í ÀÌ·± »ç¼ÒÇÑ Á¤µµÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯·Î ´À²¸Áö´Â
À̰ÍÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù. |
|
This freedom, confined between the limits of complete ignorance of the
truth and a recognition of a part of the truth, seems hardly freedom at
all, especially since, whether a man is willing or unwilling to recognize
the truth revealed to him, he will be inevitably forced to carry it out in
life. |
ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯´Â,
Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹«Áö¿Í Áø¸®ÀÇ ºÎºÐÀûÀÎ
ÀνÄÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡ °¤Çô¼,
ÀüÇô ÀÚÀ¯ °°Áö ¾Ê¾Æ º¸ÀδÙ,
ƯÈ÷,
±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇϰí
½Í¾îÇÏµç ¾Æ´ÏÇϵç,
»î¿¡¼ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î
¼öÇàÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
|
A horse harnessed with others to a cart is not free to refrain from
moving the cart. If he does not move for¡©ward the cart will knock him
down and go on dragging him with it, whether he will or not. But the horse
is free to drag the cart himself or to be dragged with it. And so it is
with man. |
´Ù¸¥ ¸»µé°ú ÇÔ²² ¸¶Â÷¿¡ ¸Å¿©Áø ¸»Àº ¸¶Â÷¸¦
¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î
¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é,
±×°¡ ¿øÇÏµç ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Êµç ¸¶Â÷´Â
±×¸¦ Ãļ ³Ñ±â°í ²ø°í °¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¸»ÀÌ ¸¶Â÷¸¦
²ø°í °¡°Å³ª ±×°Í¿¡ ²ø·Á°¡´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù.
±×¸®°í
»ç¶÷ÀÇ °æ¿ìµµ ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù. |
|
Whether this is a great or small degree of freedom in com¡©parison with
the fantastic liberty we should like to have, it is the only freedom that
really exists, and in it consists the only happiness attainable by man. |
¿ì¸®°¡ ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î °¡Áö°í ½Í¾îÇϴ ȯ»óÀûÀÎ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡
ºñÇÏ¿© À̰ÍÀÌ Å« Á¤µµÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯À̵ç ÀûÀº ÀÚÀ¯À̵ç,
½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×°Í ¾È¿¡¼
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÇູÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
And more than that, this freedom is the sole means of accomplishing the
divine work of the life of the world. |
±×¸®°í °Å±â¿¡ ´õÇØ¼,
ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ »îÀÇ
½Å¼ºÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ¿Ï¼öÇÒ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀÌ´Ù. |
|
According to Christ's doctrine, the man who sees the significance of
life in the domain in which it is not free, in the domain of effects, that
is, of acts, has not the true life. According to the Christian doctrine,
that man is living in the truth who has transported his life to the domain
in which it is free-the domain of causes, that is, the knowl¡©edge and
recognition, the profession and realization in life of revealed truth. |
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé,
ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼
»îÀÇ Á߿伺À» ±ú´Ý´Â »ç¶÷Àº,
°á°úµé,
Áï,
ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ
¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ Áø½ÇÇÑ »îÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
±âµ¶±³ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é,
ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ¿µ¿ª-¿øÀεéÀÇ ¿µ¿ª,
Áï,
Áö½Ä°ú ÀνÄ,
¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®ÀÇ °í¹é°ú »î¿¡ ½ÇÇö-À¸·Î
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¿Å°Ü°£ ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ Áø¸® ¾È¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Devoting his life to works of the flesh, a man busies him¡©self with
actions depending on temporary causes outside himself. He himself does
nothing really, he merely seems to be doing something. In reality all the
acts which seem to be his are the work of a higher power, and he is not
the creator of his own life, but the slave of it. Devoting his life to the
recognition and fulfillment of the truth revealed to him, he identifies
himself with the source of universal life and accomplishes acts not
personal, and dependent on con¡©ditions of space and time, but acts
unconditioned by pre¡©vious causes, acts which constitute the causes of
everything else, and have an infinite, unlimited significance. |
À°½ÅÀÇ ¾÷Àûµé¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» Çå½ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î½á,
»ç¶÷Àº
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿ÜºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿øÀε鿡 ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â
ÇàÀ§µé·Î ºÐÁÖÇÏ´Ù.
±× ÀÚ½ÅÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ¸¸ç,
±×´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³
º¸ÀδÙ.
Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ±×ÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§µéÀº
´õ¿í ³ôÀº ±Ç´ÉÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷À̸ç,
±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÀÚ°¡
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×°ÍÀÇ ³ë¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.
Àڽſ¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®ÀÇ
Àνİú ¼ºÃë¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» Çå½ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î½á,
±×´Â
º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ±Ù¿ø°ú ÀÚ½ÅÀ» µ¿ÀϽÃÇÏ¸ç °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ
°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
°ø°£°ú ½Ã°£ÀÇ Á¶°Çµé¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö¸¸,
±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¿øÀε鿡 Á¦¾à ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇàÀ§µé,
¸ðµç »ç¹°ÀÇ
¿øÀεéÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ¸ç ¹«ÇÑÇÏ¸ç ¹«Á¦ÇÑÀÇ Á߿伺À» °¡Áö´Â
ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇÑ´Ù. |
|
"The kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the vio¡©lent take it
by force." (Matt. xi. 12.) |
¡°Ãµ±¹Àº ħ³ë¸¦ ´çÇϳª´Ï ħ³ëÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â »©¾Ñ´À´Ï¶ó.¡±
(¸¶Åº¹À½ 11Àå 12Àý) |
|
It is this violent effort to rise above external conditions to the
recognition and realization of truth by which the kingdom of heaven is
taken, and it is this effort of violence which must and can be made in our
times. |
¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óŵéÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ¿© õ±¹ÀÌ ±¸ÇØÁö´Â Áø¸®ÀÇ
Àνİú ½ÇÇöÀ¸·Î ¿À¸£·Á´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ·± °Ý·ÄÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×¸®°í °¡´ÉÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
ÀÌ·± °Ý·ÄÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Men need only understand this, they need only cease to trouble
themselves about the general external conditions in which they are not
free, and devote one-hundredth part of the energy they waste on those
material things to that in which they are free, to the recognition and
realization of the truth which is before them, and to the liberation of
them¡©selves and others from deception and hypocrisy, and, with¡©out
effort or conflict, there would be an end at once of the false
organization of life which makes men miserable, and threatens them with
worse calamities in the future. And then the kingdom of God would be
realized, or at least that first stage of it for which men are ready now
by the degree of development of their conscience. |
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ À̰ÍÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ¸¸é µÉ »ÓÀÌ´Ù,
±×µéÀº
¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀϹÝÀû ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óŵ鿡
´ëÇØ ¿°·ÁÇÔÀ» ÁßÁöÇÏ¸é µÉ »ÓÀ̰í,
±×µéÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô
¿©±â´Â ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ °Íµé¿¡ ÇãºñÇÏ´Â ÈûÀÇ ¹éºÐÀÇ
ÀÏÀÌ¶óµµ ±×µé ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ½ÇÇö¿¡,
±×¸®°í
Àڽŵé°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±â¸¸°ú À§¼±À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇØ¹æÇÔ¿¡
½ñÀ¸¸é µÉ »ÓÀ̸ç,
³ë·ÂÀ̳ª °¥µîÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é,
´çÀå¿¡
»ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í,
±×µéÀ» ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´õ¿í ¾ÇÇÑ
Àç¾Óµé·Î À§ÇùÇÏ´Â °ÅÁþµÈ »îÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿¡ Á¾ÁöºÎ¸¦ ÂïÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×¸®Çϸé Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹Àº ½ÇÇöµÉ
°ÍÀ̸ç,
¾Æ´Ï Àû¾îµµ ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¹ßÀü Á¤µµ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
Áö±Ý ÁغñµÈ ±× ù ´Ü°è¶óµµ ½ÇÇöµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Just as a single shock may be sufficient, when a liquid is saturated
with some salt, to precipitate it at once in crystals, a slight effort may
be perhaps all that is needed now that the truth already revealed to men
may gain a mastery over hundreds, thousands, millions of men, that a
public opinion consistent with conscience may be established, and through
this change of public opinion the whole order of life may be transformed.
And it depends upon us to make this effort. |
¾×ü°¡ ¾à°£ÀÇ ¼Ò±ÝÀ¸·Î Æ÷È µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» ¶§,
´Ü
ÇϳªÀÇ Ãæ°ÝÀÌ ´çÀå¿¡ °áÁ¤µé·Î ¸¸µé¾î ¹ö¸®µíÀÌ,
¾Æ¸¶µµ ¾à°£ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ¹Ì »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®°¡ ¼ö¹é,
¼öõ,
¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÚ¸® Àâ°í,
¾ç½É°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â
¿©·ÐÀÌ È®¸³µÇ°í,
ÀÌ·± ¿©·ÐÀÇ º¯È¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼ »îÀÇ Àüü
Áú¼°¡ º¯ÇüµÉ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂÀ»
ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. |
|
Let each of us only try to understand and accept the Christian truth
which in the most varied forms surrounds us on all sides and forces itself
upon us; let us only cease from lying and pretending that we do not see
this truth or wish to realize it, at least in what it demands from us
above all else; only let us accept and boldly profess the truth to which
we are called, and we should find at once that hun¡©dreds, thousands,
millions of men are in the same position as we, that they see the truth as
we do, and dread as we do to stand alone in recognizing it, and like us
are only wait¡©ing for others to recognize it also. |
¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸® °¢ÀÚ°¡ °¡Àå ´Ù¾çÇÑ Çüŵé·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
»ç¹æÀ» µÑ·¯ ½Î°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °¿äÇϰí ÀÖ´Â
±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ±ú´Ý°í ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ½Ãµµ¸¦ ÇØº¸ÀÚ;
¿ì¸° ¿ÀÁ÷ °ÅÁþÀ» Áß´ÜÇÏ°í ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ·± Áø¸®¸¦ º¸Áö
¸øÇÏ¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ôÇÏÁö ¸»µµ·Ï
ÇÏÀÚ,
Àû¾îµµ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Áø¸®°¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â
°Í¿¡¼ ¸¸À̶óµµ;
¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ ºÎ¸§¹ÞÀº Áø¸®¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ
µéÀÌ°í ´ë´ãÇÏ°Ô °í¹éÀÌ¶óµµ ÇÏÀÚ,
±×·¯¸é,
¿ì¸®´Â
´çÀå¿¡ ¼ö¹é,
¼öõ,
¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿Í ¶È °°Àº
ÀÔÀå¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®Ã³·³ Áø¸®¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϸç,
±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ È¥ÀÚ ¼¼ ¿ì¸®Ã³·³ µÎ·Á¿ö
Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í,
¿ì¸®µéó·³ ¿ÀÁ÷ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ»
¶ÇÇÑ ÀνÄÇϱ⸦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Only let men cease to be hypocrites, and they would at once see that
this cruel social organization, which holds them in bondage, and is
represented to them as something stable, necessary, and ordained of God,
is already tottering and is only propped up by the falsehood of hypocrisy,
with which we, and others like us, support it. |
¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À§¼±ÀÚµéÀ̱⸦ ÁßÁöÇØ º¸ÀÚ,
±×·¯¸é
±×µéÀº ´çÀå ÀÌ·± ÀÜÀÎÇÑ »çȸ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ,
±×µéÀ» ±¼·¹¿¡
¹¾îµÎ¸ç,
¾î¶² ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ̸ç,
ÇÊ¿äÇϰí Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¸í·ÉÇÑ
°ÍÀ̶ó°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô Á¦½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸,
ÀÌ¹Ì Âõ¾îÁö°í
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿ÀÁ÷ À§¼±À̶ó´Â °ÅÁþ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÁöÅʵǰí
ÀÖÀ½À» ±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̰í,
±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ ¿ì¸®¿Í,
±×¸®°í
¿ì¸®¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ,
±×°ÍÀ» ÁöÁöÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ»
±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
But if this is so, if it is true that it depends on us to break down
the existing organization of life, have we the right to destroy it,
without knowing clearly what we shall set up in its place? What will
become of human society when the existing order of things is at an end? |
±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ À̰ÍÀÌ ±×·¸´Ù¸é,
¸¸ÀÏ »îÀÇ ±âÁ¸ Á¶Á÷À»
¹«³Ê¶ß¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ
Áø½ÇÀ̶ó¸é,
±×°Í ´ë½Å¿¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¼¼¿ï °ÍÀÎÁö
ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¸ð¸£¸é¼,
¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡ Àִ°¡?
±âÁ¸ ¼¼»ó Áú¼°¡ Á¾¸»À» °íÇÑ´Ù¸é Àηù »çȸ´Â ¾î¶»°Ô
µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡? |
|
"What shall we find the other side of the walls of the world we are
abandoning? |
¡°¿ì¸®°¡ Æ÷±âÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ Àú ÂÊ ´ã ³Ê¸Ó¿¡¼
¿ì¸®´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?¡± |
|
"Fear will come upon us-a void, a vast emptiness, free¡©dom-how are
we to go forward not knowing whither, how face loss, not seeing hope of
gain? ... If Columbus had reasoned thus he would never have weighed
anchor. It was madness to set off upon the ocean, not knowing the route,
on the ocean on which no one had sailed, to sail toward a land whose
existence was doubtful. By this madness he discovered a new world.
Doubtless if the peoples of the world could simply transfer themselves
from one furnished mansion to another and better one-it would make it much
easier; but unluckily there is no one to get humanity's new dwelling
ready for it. The future is even worse than the ocean-there is nothing
there-it will be what men and cir¡©cumstances make it. |
¡°µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¾ö½ÀÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù-°øÇãÇÔ,
ÅÖ ºñ¾î
ÀÖÀ½,
ÀÚÀ¯-¾îµð·Î °¡´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£°í¼ ¿ì¸° ¾î¶»°Ô ÀüÁøÇÒ
°ÍÀ̸ç,
»ó±Þ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Èñ¸ÁÀ» º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ¸é¼ ¾î¶»°Ô
»ó½ÇÀ» ¸ÂÀÌÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?¡¦
¸¸ÀÏ ÄÝ·³¹ö½º°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô
Ãß·ÐÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é ±×´Â °áÄÚ ÃâÇ×ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Ç׷θ¦ ¸ð¸¥ ä ´ë¾çÀ¸·Î,
¾Æ¹«µµ Ç×ÇØÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °÷À¸·Î,
Ãâ¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº,
±× Á¸Àç°¡ Àǽɽº·¯¿î ¼¼°è¸¦ ÇâÇØ¼
Ç×ÇØÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹ÌÄ£ ÁþÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ±¤±â·Î¼ ±×´Â
»õ·Î¿î ¼¼»óÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ ¸¸ÀÏ ¼¼»ó
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ °¡±¸°¡ °®Ãß¾îÁø ÇÑ ÀúÅÿ¡¼ ´õ ³ªÀº
´Ù¸¥ °÷À¸·Î ¿Å±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é-±×°ÍÀº ÈξÀ ½¬¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ºÒÇàÇϰԵµ Àηù¸¦ À§Çؼ »õ·Î¿î ÁְŸ¦
¿¹ºñÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø´Ù.
¹Ì·¡´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ´ë¾çº¸´Ù ´õ
¿¾ÇÇÏ´Ù-±×°÷¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Ù-±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µé°ú
»óȲÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ̸®¶ó. |
|
"If you are content with the old world, try to preserve it, it is
very sick and cannot hold out much longer. But if you cannot bear to live
in everlasting dissonance between your beliefs and your life, thinking one
thing and doing another, get out of the mediaeval whited sepulchers, and
face your fears. I know very well it is not easy. |
¡°¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±¸ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çϰí,
±×°ÍÀ»
À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª º´µé¾î¼ ´õ ÀÌ»ó
Áö¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ,
À̰ÍÀ»
»ý°¢Çϰí´Â Àú°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏ´Â,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½°ú »î
»çÀÌÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ºÒÀÏÄ¡ ¼Ó¿¡¼ »ì¾Æ °¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é,
Áß¼¼
½Ã´ëÀÇ È¸ Ä¥ÇÑ ¹«´ý¿¡¼ ³ª¿À¶ó,
±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ
µÎ·Á¿òµéÀ» Á÷¸éÇ϶ó.
³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ½±Áö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
³Ê¹« Àß ¾È´Ù. |
|
"It is not a little thing to cut one's self off from all to which a
man has been accustomed from his birth, with which he has grown up to
maturity. Men are ready for tremendous sacrifices but not for those which
life demands of them. Are they ready to sacrifice modern civilization,
their manner of life, their religion, the received conventional morality? |
¡°»ç¶÷ÀÌ ÅÂ¾î ³ª¼ºÎÅÍ ÀûÀÀÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
±×·¸°Ô
Àڶ󳪼 ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÈ ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀ»
Â÷´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °áÄÚ ÀÛÀº ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¾öû³
Èñ»ýµé¿¡ ÁغñµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸,
»îÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â
°Íµé¿¡´Â ÁغñµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
±×µéÀº ÇöÀç ¹®¸í,
±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ¾ç½Ä,
±×µéÀÇ Á¾±³,
ÀϹÝÈµÈ °ü½ÀÀûÀÎ
µµ´öÀ» Èñ»ýÇÒ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î Àִ°¡? |
|
"Are we ready to give up all the results we have attained with such
effort, results of which we have been boasting for three centuries; to
give up every convenience and charm of our existence, to prefer savage
youth to the senile decay of civilization, to pull down the palace raised
for us by our ancestors only for the pleasure of having a hand in the
founding of a new house, which will doubtless be built long after we are
gone?" (Herzen, vol. v. p. 55.) |
¡°¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î ¾òÀº ¸ðµç °á°úµéÀ»,
¿ì¸®°¡ »ï ¼¼±â µ¿¾È ÀÚ¶ûÇØ ¿Ô´ø °á°úµéÀ» Æ÷±âÇÒ ¼ö
Àִ°¡;
¿ì¸® Á¸ÀçÀÇ ¸ðµç Æí¸®ÇÔ°ú ¸Å·ÂÀ» Æ÷±âÇϰí,
³ë¼èÇÑ ¹®¸íÀÇ ¼èÅ𺸴٠¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ ÀþÀ½À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇϸç,
¿ÀÁ÷ »õ ÁýÀ» Áþ´Âµ¥ µ¿ÂüÇÏ´Â Áñ°Å¿òÀ» À§ÇØ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ
¼±Á¶µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼¼¿öÁø ±ÃÀüµéÀ» ¹«³Ê¶ß¸®°í,
À̰ÍÀº
Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡°í ³ª¼ ¿À·¡µÇ¾î¼¾ß °Ç¼³µÉ
°ÍÀÓ¿¡µµ Æ÷±âÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? (Herzen,
¿À±Ç 55ÆäÀÌÁö) |
|
Thus wrote almost half a century ago the Russian writer, who with
prophetic insight saw clearly then, what even the most unreflecting man
sees today, the impossibility, that is, of life continuing on its old
basis, and the necessity of establishing new forms of life. |
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¹Ý¼¼±â Àü¿¡ ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ÀÛ°¡°¡,
±× ´ç½Ã
¿¹¾ðÀûÀÎ ÅëÂû·Î¼,
¿À´Ã³¯ ½ÉÁö¾î °¡Àå Áö°¢ ¾ø´Â
»ç¶÷µµ ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»,
Áï,
°ú°ÅÀÇ ±â¹Ý À§¿¡¼ »îÀ»
°è¼ÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ ºÒ°¡´É¼º,
±×¸®°í »îÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÇüŵéÀ»
È®¸³ÇÒ Çʿ伺À» ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. |
|
It is clear now from the very simplest, most commonplace point of view,
that it is madness to remain under the roof of a building which cannot
support its weight, and that we must leave it. And indeed it is difficult
to imagine a posi¡©tion more wretched than that of the Christian world
to-day, with its nations armed against one another, with its con¡©stantly
increasing taxation to maintain its armies, with the hatred of the working
class for the rich ever growing more intense, with the Damocles sword of
war forever hanging over the heads of all, ready every instant to fall,
certain to fall sooner or later. |
¹«°Ô¸¦ ÁöÅÊÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Ç¹°ÀÇ ÁöºØ ¾Æ·¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´Â
°ÍÀº ¹ÌÄ£ ÁþÀ̸ç,
¹Ýµå½Ã ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶°³ª¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº
ÀÌÁ¦ °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ,
°¡Àå Æò¹üÇÑ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ ¼¼°èÀÇ Ã³Áöº¸´Ù ´õ¿í ºñÂüÇÑ
°ÍÀ» »ó»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Á¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù,
Áï,
±¹°¡µéÀÌ
¼·Î¸¦ ´ëÀûÇϸç,
±×µéÀÇ ±º´ë¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼¼±Ý
ºÎ´ãÀÌ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Áõ°¡Çϰí,
³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±ÞÀÌ ´õ¾øÀÌ
°Ý·ÄÇÏ°Ô ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Áõ¿ÀÇϸç,
´Ù¸ðŬ·¹½ºÀÇ
Ä®ÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸® À§¿¡ Ç×»ó ¸Å´Þ·Á ÀÖ¾î¼,
¸Å
¼ø°£¸¶´Ù ¶³¾îÁú °Í °°¾Æ¼,
Á¶¸¸°£ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ
¶³¾îÁö·Á´Â »óȲÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Hardly could any revolution be more disastrous for the great mass of
the population than the present order or rather disorder of our life, with
its daily sacrifices to exhausting and unnatural toil, to poverty,
drunkenness, and profligacy, with all the horrors of the war that is at
hand, which will swallow up in one year more victims than all the
revolutions of the century. |
¾öû³ ¼öÀÇ ¹ÎÁߵ鿡°Ô °ÅÀÇ ¾î¶² Çõ¸íµµ »îÀÇ ÇöÀç
Áú¼ ¶Ç´Â È¥¶õ º¸´Ùµµ ´õÇÑ Àç¾ÓÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
»îÀº ±Øµµ·Î ÇǰïÇϰí ÀÜȤÇÑ ³ëµ¿,
ºó°ï,
¼ú ÃëÇÔ,
±×¸®°í,
¹æÁ¾ÇÔ¿¡ Èñ»ýµÇ¸ç,
¸ñÀü¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸¥ ÀüÀïÀÇ ¸ðµç
°øÆ÷µéÀÌ ¹é ³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¸ðµç Çõ¸íµéº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº
Èñ»ýÀÚµéÀ» ÇÑ ÇØ ¾È¿¡ »ïÄѹö¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
What will become of humanity if each of us performs the duty God
demands of us through the conscience implanted within us? Will not harm
come if, being wholly in the power of a master, I carry out, in the
workshop erected and directed by him, the orders he gives me, strange
though they may seem to me who do not know the Master's final aims? |
¿ì¸® °¢ÀÚ°¡ ¿ì¸® ¾È¿¡ ½É¾îÁø ¾ç½ÉÀ» ÅëÇØ¼
Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â Àǹ«¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é Àηù´Â
¾î¶»°Ô µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡?
¸¸ÀÏ,
ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ±Ç´É ¾È¿¡
ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼,
³»°¡,
±×ºÐÀÌ ¼¼¿ì°í ÁöÈÖÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷Àå¿¡¼,
ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûµéÀ» ¸ð¸£´Â ³ª¿¡°Ô ºñ·Ï
ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÏÁö¶óµµ,
±×°¡ ³»°Ô ÁÖ´Â ¸í·ÉÀ»
¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é,
ÇØ·Î¿òÀÌ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î? |
|
But it is not even this question "What will happen?" that agitates
men when they hesitate to fulfill the Master's will. They are troubled
by the question how to live with¡©out those habitual conditions of life
which we call civiliza¡©tion, culture, art, and science. We feel ourselves
all the burdensomeness of life as it is; we see also that this organi¡©zation
of life must inevitably be our ruin, if it continues. At the same time we
want the conditions of our life which arise out of this organization-our
civilization, culture, art, and science-to remain intact. It is as though
a man, liv¡©ing in an old house and suffering from cold and all sorts of
inconvenience in it, knowing, too, that it is on the point of falling to
pieces, should consent to its being rebuilt, but only on the condition
that he should not be required to leave it: a condition which is
equivalent to refusing to have it rebuilt at all. |
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇϱ⸦ ÁÖÀúÇÒ ¶§
»ç¶÷µéÀ» µ¿¿äÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¡°¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀϾ±î?¡±
ÇÏ´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌ·± Áú¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹®¸í,
¹®È,
¿¹¼ú,
±×¸®°í °úÇÐÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ±×·± »îÀÇ
½À°üÀûÀÎ Á¶°ÇµéÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ì °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Àǹ®À¸·Î ¿°·ÁÇÑ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â »îÀÇ ¸ðµç ÁüµéÀ» ÀÖ´Â
±×´ë·Î ´À³¤´Ù;
¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·± »îÀÇ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ °è¼Ó
µÈ´Ù¸é Çʽà ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ê¸ÁÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù.
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ·±
Á¶Á÷-¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®¸í,
¹®È,
¿¹¼ú,
±×¸®°í °úÇÐ-À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ »óŵéÀÌ ¼Õ´ëÁö ¾ÊÀº
Áö¼ÓµÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ,
³°Àº
Áý¿¡ »ì¸é¼,
±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¨±â¿Í ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ
ºÒÆíÇÔÀ» °ÞÀ¸¸é¼µµ,
¶ÇÇÑ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«³ÊÁ®¼ ¹Ú»ì ³¯
Áö°æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸é¼,
±×°ÍÀÌ Àç°ÇÃàµÇ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö¸¸,
¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°÷À» ¶°³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â
Á¶°ÇÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù:
±×°ÍÀº ±× ÁýÀ» Àç°ÇÃàÇØ¾ß
ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ÇÊÀûÇÏ´Â Á¶°Ç°ú °°´Ù. |
|
"But what if I leave the house and give up every con¡©venience for a
time, and the new house is not built, or is built on a different plan so
that I do not find in it the com¡©forts to which I am accustomed?" But
seeing that the materials and the builders are here, there is every
likelihood that the new house will on the contrary be better built than
the old one. And at the same time, there is not only the likelihood but
the certainty that the old house will fall down and crush those who remain
within it. Whether the old habitual conditions of life are supported, or
whether they are abolished and altogether new and better conditions arise;
in any case, there is no doubt we shall be forced to leave the old forms
of life which have become impossible and fatal, and must go forward to
meet the future. "Civilization, art, science, culture, will
disappear!" Yes, but all these we know are only various manifesta¡©tions
of truth, and the change that is before us is only to be made for the sake
of a closer attainment and realization of truth. How then can the
manifestations of truth disap¡©pear through our realizing it? These
manifestations will be different, higher, better, but they will not cease
to be. Only what is false in them will be destroyed; all the truth there
was in them will only be stronger and more flour¡©ishing. |
¡°±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ ´çºÐ°£ ÁýÀ» ¶°³ª°í ¸ðµç Æí¸®µé
Æ÷±âÇÏ´õ¶óµµ,
»õ·Î¿î ÁýÀÌ Áö¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª,
³»°¡
ÀûÀÀÇÏ´ø ¾È¶ôÇÔÀ» ãÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »óÀÌÇÑ °èȹ À§¿¡ Áö¾î
Áø´Ù¸é ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?¡±
±×·¯³ª Àç·á¿Í °ÇÃà°¡°¡
¿©±â ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º»´Ù¸é,
»õ·Î¿î ÁýÀº ±×¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î
³°Àº Áýº¸´Ù ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô Áö¾î Áú °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¸ðµç °¡´É¼ºÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù.
±×¸®°í µ¿½Ã¿¡,
°¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
³°Àº
ÁýÀÌ ¹«³ÊÁú °ÍÀÌ°í ±× ¾È¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸£°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé À§¿¡
ÁÖÀú ¾ÉÀ» È®½Ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
°ú°ÅÀÇ ½À°üÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ
»óŵéÀÌ À¯ÁöµÇµç,
¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ÆóÁöµÇ°í
ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î »õ·Ó°í ÈǸ¢ÇÑ »óŵéÀÌ ÀϾµç;
¾î¶²
°æ¿ìµç,
¿ì¸®´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç Ä¡¸íÀûÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö¸° °ú°ÅÀÇ
»îÀÇ ÇüŵéÀ» ¹ö·Á¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç,
¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´ëóÇϱâ
À§Çؼ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ °¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¡°
¹®¸í,
¿¹¼ú,
°úÇÐ,
¹®È´Â »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù!¡±
±×·¸´Ù,
±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í
ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Ç¥ÇöµéÀÏ
»ÓÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â º¯È´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®¸¦
´õ¿í °¡±îÀÌ ´Þ¼ºÇÏ°í ½ÇÇöÇϰíÀÚ ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¸´Ù¸é ¾î¶»°Ô Áø¸®ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°ÍÀ»
±ú´ÞÀ½À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ »ç¶óÁú ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?
ÀÌ·± Ç¥ÇöµéÀº
´Þ¶óÁú °ÍÀ̸ç,
´õ ³ôÀÌ,
´õ ÈǸ¢ÇÒ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸,
ÁßÁöµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°Íµé ¾È¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â
°ÅÁþ¸¸ÀÌ ÆÄ±«µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù;
±×°Íµé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç
Áø¸®µéÀº ´õ¿í °ÇØÁö°í ¹ø¼ºÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
Take thought, oh, men, and have faith in the Gospel, in whose teaching
is your happiness. If you do not take thought, you will perish just as the
men perished, slain by Pilate, or crushed by the tower of Siloam; as
millions of men have perished, slayers and slain, executing and exe¡©cuted,
torturers and tortured alike, and as the man foolishly perished, who
filled his granaries full and made ready for a long life and died the very
night that he planned to begin his life. Take thought and have faith in
the Gospel, Christ said eighteen hundred years ago, and he says it with
even greater force now that the calamities foretold by him have come to
pass, and the senselessness of our life has reached the furthest point of
suffering and madness. |
¿À »ç¶÷µéÀÌ¿©,
»ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó,
±×¸®°í º¹À½¿¡ ¹ÏÀ½À»
°¡Áö¶ó,
±× °¡¸£Ä§ ¾È¿¡ ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ÇູÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
´ç½ÅµéÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é,
ºô¶óµµ¿¡°Ô »ìÇØ ´çÇϰí,
½Ç·Î¾ÏÀÇ Å¾¿¡ ±ò¸° °Íó·³ ¼Ò¸êµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù;
¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼Ò¸êµÇ¾úµíÀÌ,
»ìÀÎÀÚµé°ú »ìÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÀÚµé,
óÇüÇÏ´Â ÀÚµé°ú óÇü´çÇÏ´Â ÀÚµé,
°í¹®ÇÏ´Â ÀÚµé°ú
°í¹®ÀÚµé ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¼Ò¸êµÇ¾úµíÀÌ,
±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÌ
¾î¸®¼®°Ô »ç¶óÁ³µíÀÌ,
±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °î½Äâ°í¸¦ °¡µæ
ä¿ì°í Àå¼öÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù°¡ ±×ÀÇ »îÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ·Á
°èȹÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ±×³¯ ¹ã¿¡ Á×Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø°¡.
»ý°¢À» Ç϶ó
±×¸®°í º¹À½¿¡ ¹ÏÀ½À» °¡Áö¶ó,
±×¸®½ºµµ´Â 1800
³â Àü¿¡
¸»ÇßÀ¸¸ç,
±×´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ½ÉÁö¾î ´õ Å« ÈûÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ»
¸»Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
±×°¡ ¿¹¾ðÇÏ¿´´ø Àç¾ÓµéÀÌ ÀϾ°í
ÀÖ°í,
¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀÌ °íÅë°ú ±¤±âÀÇ ±ØÇÑ¿¡
µµ´ÞÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
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