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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 1. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 2. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 3. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 4. ] [ È¸°³Ç϶ó 5. ] ȸ°³Ç϶ó 6. ]


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¡°THE KINGDOM OF GOD 
IS WITHIN YOU.¡±

¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ  ³ª¶ó´Â  ³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´À´Ï¶ó.¡±


by Leo Tolstoy

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CHAPTER XII.  Á¦ 12 Àå 

CONCLUSION-REPENT YE, FOR THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN IS AT HAND.

°á·Ð-ȸ°³Ç϶ó, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ °¡±î¿ü´À´Ï¶ó.

5.

5. Can Man Make this Effort?-According to the Hypocritical Theory of the Day, Man is not Free to Transform his Life-Man is not Free in his Actions, but he is Free to Admit or to Deny the Truth he Knows-When Truth is Once Admitted, it Becomes the Basis of Action-Man's Threefold Relation to Truth-The Reason of the Ap¡©parent Insolubility of the Problem of Free Will-Man's Freedom Con¡©sists in the Recognition of the Truth Revealed to him. There is no Other Freedom-Recognition of Truth Gives Freedom, and Shows the Path Along which. Willingly or Unwillingly by Mankind, Man Must Advance-The Recognition of Truth and Real Freedom Enables Man to Share in the Work of God, not as the Slave, but as the Creator of Life-Men Need only Make the Effort to Renounce all Thought of Bettering the External Conditions of Life and Bend all their Efforts to Recognizing and Preaching the Truth they Know, to put an End to the Existing Miserable State of Things, and to Enter upon the Kingdom of God so far as it is yet Accessible to Man-All that is Needed is to Make an End of Lying and Hypocrisy-But then what Awaits us in the Future?-What will Happen to Humanity if Men Follow the Dic¡©tates of their Conscience, and how can Life go on with the Conditions of Civilized Life to which we are Accustomed?-All Uneasiness on these Points may be Removed by the Reflection that Nothing True and Good can be Destroyed by the Realization of Truth, but will only be Freed from the Alloy of Falsehood.

5. »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?-½Ã´ëÀÇ À§¼±ÀûÀÎ À̷п¡ µû¸£¸é, »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» º¯ÇüÇÒ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù-»ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çൿµé¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰ųª, °ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù-ÀÏ´Ü Áø¸®°¡ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© Áö¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡µÈ´Ù-ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁöÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÑ ¼ö¼ö²²³¢ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯-»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚÀ¯´Â ¾ø´Ù-Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνÄÀº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÁØ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ÀÇÁöµç ºñÀÇÁöµç Àηù¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀüÁøÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ±æÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù-Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù, ³ë¿¹·Î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »îÀÇ Ã¢Á¶Àڷμ­- ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ºÒÇàÇÑ »ç¹°ÀÇ »óŸ¦ ³¡³»·Á¸é, ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁ÷ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °¡´ÉÇÒ ¶§¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡ µé¾î °¡·Á¸é, »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »îÀ» Çâ»ó½Ã۰íÀÚÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ý°¢À» ¹ö¸®°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇØ¾ßÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀ» ±×µéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇϰí ÀüÆÄÇϴµ¥ ±â¿ïÀÌ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù-ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº °ÅÁþ°ú À§¼±À» Áß´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù-±×·¯¸é ¹Ì·¡¿¡´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í Àִ°¡?-»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» µè´Â´Ù¸é Àηù¿¡°Ô ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀϾ °ÍÀΰ¡, ±×¸®°í »îÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀûÀÀÇØ¿Â ¹®¸íÈ­µÈ »îÀÇ »óȲµé¿¡ Áö¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?-ÀÌ·± Á¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ºÒÆíÇÔÀº Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνĿ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Áø½ÇÇÑ °Í°ú ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÆÄ±«µÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ °ÅÁþ°úÀÇ °áÇÕ¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿Í Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À¸·Î¼­ Á¦°ÅµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

There was recently held at Petersburg an international exhibition of instruments of torture, handcuffs, models of solitary cells, that is to say instruments of torture worse than knouts or rods, and sensitive ladies and gentlemen went and amused themselves by looking at them.

ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ÆäÅ×½ººÎ¸£Å©¿¡¼­´Â °í¹®, ¼ö°©µé, µ¶¹æµéÀÇ ¸ðÇü, Áï, äÂïÀ̳ª ¸ùµÕÀÌµé º¸´Ù ´õ ÀÜȤÇÑ °í¹® ±â±¸µéÀÇ ±¹Á¦ Àü½Ãȸ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ¹Î°¨ÇÑ ºÎÀεé°ú ½Å»çµéÀÌ ¿Í¼­´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹Ù¶óº½À¸·Î½á Áñ°Å¿ö Çß´Ù.

No one is surprised that together with its recognition of liberty, equality, and fraternity, liberal science should prove the necessity of war, punishment, customs, the censure, the regulation of prostitution, the exclusion of cheap foreign laborers, the hindrance of emigration, the justifiableness of colonization, based on poisoning and destroying whole races of men called savages, and so on.

ÀÚÀ¯, Æòµî, ±×¸®°í Àηù¾Ö¿Í µ¿½Ã¿¡, ÀÚÀ¯ °úÇÐÀÌ ¾ß¸¸ÀεéÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â Àüü ÀηùµéÀ» Áßµ¶ ½ÃŰ°í ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â µîÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ¿©, ÀüÀï, ó¹ú, °ü¼¼, °Ë¿­, ¸ÅÃáÀÇ ÅëÁ¦, °ª½Ñ ¿Ü±¹ ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ Ãß¹æ, À̹ÎÀÇ ±ÝÁö, ½Ä¹ÎÁöÈ­ÀÇ Á¤´çÈ­ÀÇ Çʿ伺À» Áõ¸íÇÔ¿¡ ³î¶ó´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø´Ù.

People talk of the time when all men shall profess what is called Christianity (that is, various professions of faith hostile to one another), when all shall be well-fed and clothed, when all shall be united from one end of the world to the other by telegraphs and telephones, and be able to communicate by balloons, when all the working classes are permeated by socialistic doctrines, when the Trades Unions possess so many millions of members and so many millions of rubles, when everyone is educated and all can read newspapers and learn all the sciences.

»ç¶÷µéÀº ±âµ¶±³¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °í¹é (Áï, ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô Àû´ëÀûÀÎ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ °í¹éµé)ÇÏ´Â ¶§, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Ç³Á·ÇÏ°Ô ¸Ô°í ÀÔ´Â ¶§, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼¼»ó ³¡¿¡¼­ ³¡°¡Áö Àü½ÅÀ̳ª ÀüÈ­·Î ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ°í ±â±¸·Î¼­ Åë½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶§, ¸ðµç ³ëµ¿ °è±ÞµéÀÌ »çȸÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ ±³¸®µé·Î Ãæ¸¸ÇÑ ¶§, ³ëÁ¶µéÀÌ ¹«¼öÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ È¸¿øµé°ú ¹«¼öÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ·çºÒÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ¶§, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±³À° ¹Þ°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½Å¹®À» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸ðµç °úÇеéÀ» ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶§¸¦ À̾߱âÇÑ´Ù.

But what good or useful thing can come of all these im¡©provements, if men do not speak and act in accordance with what they believe to be the truth?

±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ Áø¸®¶ó°í ¹Ï´Â °Í¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ¸»Çϰí ÇൿÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °³¼±µé·Î½á ¹«½¼ ÈǸ¢Çϰųª À¯ÀÍÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾î Áú ¼ö Àִ°¡?

The condition of men is the result of their disunion. Their disunion results from their not following the truth which is one, but falsehoods which are many. The sole means of uniting men is their union in the truth. And therefore the more sincerely men strive toward the truth, the nearer they get to unity.

»ç¶÷µéÀÇ Ã³Áö´Â ±×µéÀÇ ºÐ¿­ÀÇ °á°úÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ºÐ¿­Àº Çϳª»ÓÀÎ Áø¸®¸¦ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê°í ¸¹Àº °ÅÁþµéÀ» µû¸§À¸·Î½á ÃÊ·¡µÈ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ±×µéÀÇ Áø¸® ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áø½ÇÇÏ°Ô Áø¸®¸¦ ÇâÇØ ³ë·ÂÇϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ±×µéÀº ¿¬ÇÕÀ¸·Î ´õ¿í °¡±î¿ö Áø´Ù.

But how can men be united in the truth or even approx¡©imate to it, if they do not even express the truth they know, but hold that there is no need to do so, and pretend to regard as truth what they believe to be false?

±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½ÉÁö¾î ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÁ¶Â÷ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϸç, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ °ÅÁþÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀ» Áø¸®ÀÎ °Íó·³ ¿©±ä´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô Áø¸® ¾È¿¡¼­ ¿¬ÇÕÇϰųª ½ÉÁö¾î ±×°Í¿¡ ±ÙÁ¢ÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡?

And therefore no improvement is possible so long as men are hypocritical and hide the truth from themselves, so long as they do not recognize that their union and there¡©fore their welfare is only possible in the truth, and do not put the recognition and profession of the truth revealed to them higher than everything else.

±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À§¼±ÀûÀÌ¸ç ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô Áø¸®¸¦ ¼û±â´Â ÇÑ, ±×µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕ°ú ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀڽŵéÀÇ º¹Áö°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸® ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇϰí, ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú °í¹éÀ» ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ³ôÀÌ µÎÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ, ¾î¶°ÇÑ °³¼±µµ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

All the material improvements that religious and scien¡©tific men can dream of may be accomplished; all men may accept Christianity, and all the reforms desired by the Bellamys may be brought about with every possible addi¡©tion and improvement, but if the hypocrisy which rules nowadays still exists, if men do not profess the truth they know, but continue to feign belief in what they do not be¡©lieve and veneration for what they do not respect, their condition will remain the same, or even grow worse and worse. The more men are freed from privation; the more telegraphs, telephones, books, papers, and journals there are; the more means there will be of diffusing inconsistent lies and hypocrisies, and the more disunited and conse¡©quently miserable will men become, which indeed is what we see actually taking place.

Á¾±³ÀûÀÌ¸ç °úÇÐÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ²Þ²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ Áøº¸µéÀº ´Þ¼ºµÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù; ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÏÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù, ±×¸®°í º§¶ó¹Ì½º°¡ ¿øÇÏ´ø ¸ðµç °³ÇõµéÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç ÷°¡¿Í °³¼±À¸·Î¼­ ´Þ¼ºµÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ¿À´Ã³¯À» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â À§¼±ÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®¸¦ °í¹éÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í¼­, ±×µéÀÌ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À», ±×µéÀÌ Á¸ÁßÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¸°æÀ» °¡ÀåÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀÇ »óÅ´ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¶È°°ÀÌ À¯Áö µÉ °ÍÀ̰ųª, ½ÉÁö¾î Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¾ÇÈ­µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±ÃÇÌ¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿öÁö¸é Áú¼ö·Ï; Àü½Åµé, ÀüÈ­µé, Ã¥µé, ½Å¹®µé, ±×¸®°í ÀâÁöµéÀÌ ¸¹À¸¸é ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï; ¸ð¼øµÇ´Â ÆÛÁ®°¡´Â °ÅÁþ¸»µé°ú À§¼±µéÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ ¸¹À¸¸é ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï, »ç¶÷µéÀº ´õ¿í ´õ ºÐ¿­µÇ°í °á±¹Àº ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̸ç, À̰ÍÀº »ç½Ç ¿ì¸®°¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñ°ÝÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

All these material reforms may be realized, but the posi¡©tion of humanity will not be improved. But only let each man, according to his powers, at once realize in his life the truth he knows, or at least cease to support the falsehoods he is supporting in the place of the truth, and at once, in this year 1893, we should see such reforms as we do not dare to hope for within a century-the emancipation of men and the reign of truth upon earth.

ÀÌ ¸ðµç ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ °³ÇõµéÀº ½ÇÇöµÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ÀηùÀÇ Ã³Áö´Â °³¼±µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ´çÀå, 1893³â ¿ÃÇØ¿¡, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Èûµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ¿ÀÁ÷ °¢ÀÚÀÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´çÀå ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Áø½ÇÀ» ±ú´Ý´Â´Ù¸é, ¶Ç´Â Àû¾îµµ Áø¸®¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÁöÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÅÁþÀ» ÁöÁöÇÔÀ» ÁßÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ÇÑ ¼¼±â ¾È¿¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ °¨È÷ Èñ¸ÁÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±×·± °³Çõµé -»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇØ¹æ°ú Áö»ó À§¿¡ Áø¸®ÀÇ Áö¹è-À» ¸ñ°ÝÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Not without good reason was Christ's only harsh and threatening reproof directed against hypocrites and hypoc¡©risy. It is not theft nor robbery nor murder nor fornica¡©tion, but falsehood, the special falsehood of hypocrisy, which corrupts men, brutalizes them and makes them vin¡©dictive, destroys all distinction between right and wrong in their conscience, deprives them of what is the true meaning of all real human life, and debars them from all progress toward perfection.

À§¼±ÀÚµé°ú À§¼±À» ÇâÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô °ÅÄ¥°í À§ÇùÀûÀÎ ÁúÃ¥Àº Á¤´çÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº µµµÏÁúµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í, °­µµÁúµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í, »ìÀεµ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °ÅÁþ, À§¼±À̶ó´Â Ưº°ÇÑ °ÅÁþÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍµéÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÎÆÐ ½Ã۰í, ±×µéÀ» Áü½Âó·³ ¸¸µé¾î¼­, ±×µé¿¡°Ô º¹¼ö½ÉÀ» °®°Ô Çϸç, ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É ¾È¿¡¼­ ¼±°ú ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ±¸º°À» ÆÄ±«Çϸç, ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ¸ðµç ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀηùÀÇ »îÀÇ ÂüµÈ Àǹ̸¦ »©¾ÑÀ¸¸ç, ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ¿Ïº®À» ÇâÇÑ ¸ðµç Áøº¸¸¦ °¡·Î¸·´Â´Ù.

Those who do evil through ignorance of the truth pro¡©voke sympathy with their victims and repugnance for their actions, they do harm only to those they attack; but those who know the truth and do evil masked by hypocrisy, injure themselves and their victims, and thousands of other men as well who are led astray by the falsehood with which the wrongdoing is disguised.

Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«Áö·Î¼­ ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Èñ»ýÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ µ¿Á¤°ú, ±×µéÀÇ Çൿµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý°¨À» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Å°¸ç, ±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µéÀÌ °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇØ¸¦ ÁØ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª Áø¸®¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À§¼±ÀÇ °¡¸éÀ» ¾²°í ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº, Àڽŵé°ú ±×µéÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í ±× ¾ÇÇàÀÌ À§ÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÅÁþ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾î±ß³­ ¼öõÀÇ »ç¶÷µé ¸¶Àú »óÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

Thieves, robbers, murderers, and cheats, who commit crimes recognized by themselves and everyone else as evil, serve as an example of what ought not to be done, and deter others from similar crimes. But those who commit the same thefts, robberies, murders, and other crimes, dis¡©guising them under all kinds of religious or scientific or humanitarian justifications, as all landowners, merchants, manufacturers, and government officials do, provoke others to imitation, and so do harm not only to those who are directly the victims of their crimes, but to thousands and millions of men whom they corrupt by obliterating their sense of the distinction between right and wrong.

µµµÏµé, °­µµµé, »ìÀÎÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í »ç±â²Ûµé, À̵éÀº Àڽŵé°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¾ÇÀ̶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤µÈ ¹üÁ˵éÀ» ÀúÁö¸£¸ç, ÇàÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß µÉ °ÍÀÇ ¿¹°¡ µÈ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À¯»çÇÑ ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¶È °°Àº µµµÏÁú, °­µµÁú, »ìÀÎµé ¹× ±âŸ ¹üÁ˵éÀ» ÀúÁö¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¾±³Àû ¶Ç´Â °úÇÐÀû ¶Ç´Â Àηù¾ÖÀûÀÎ ±¸½Ç¾Æ·¡ À§ÀåÇϸ鼭, ¸¶Ä¡ ¸ðµç ÁöÁÖµé, »óÀεé, Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚµé, ¹× Á¤ºÎ °ü¸®µéÀÌ ±×·¯ÇϵíÀÌ, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¸ð¹æÇϵµ·Ï À¯µµÇϰí, ±×·¸°Ô ÇØ¼­ ±×µé ¹üÁËÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ Èñ»ýÀÚµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ¼± °ú ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸º° °¨°¢À» ¾ø¾Ö ¹ö¸²À¸·Î½á ±×µéÀÌ ºÎÆÐ ½ÃŰ´Â ¼öõ ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÇØ·Ó°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

A single fortune gained by trading in goods necessary to the people or in goods pernicious in their effects, or by financial speculations, or by acquiring land at a low price the value of which is increased by the needs of the popula¡©tion, or by an industry ruinous to the health and life of those employed in it, or by military or civil service of the state, or by any employment which trades on men's evil instincts-a single fortune acquired in any of these ways, not only with the sanction, but even with the approbation of the leading men in society, and masked with an ostenta¡©tion of philanthropy, corrupts men incomparably more than millions of thefts and robberies committed against the recognized forms of law and punishable as crimes.

»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇϰųª ±× È¿¿ë¿¡ À־ ÇØ·Î¿î »óǰÀÇ °Å·¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ¶Ç´Â ±ÝÀüÀÇ Åõ±â, ¶Ç´Â Àα¸ÀÇ ÇÊ¿äµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ó½ÂµÇ´Â °¡Ä¡º¸´Ù ³·Àº °ªÀ¸·Î ÅäÁö¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇϰųª, ¶Ç´Â °í¿ëµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °Ç°­°ú »ý¸í¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿î »ê¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ¶Ç´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ º´¿ªÀǹ«³ª °ø¹«¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ¶Ç´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ÇÇÑ º»´ÉµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ °í¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â ´Ü ÇѰ¡ÁöÀÇ Àç»êµµ-ÀÌµé ¹æ¹ýµé ÁßÀÇ ¾î´À °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­¶óµµ Çü¼ºµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àΰ¡ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â »çȸÀÇ À¯·Â ÀλçµéÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­, ±×¸®°í °ÑÄ¡·¹ÀÇ Àηù¾ÖÀÇ °¡¸éÀ» ¾´, ´Ü ÇÑ °¡ÁöÀÇ Àç»êÀ̶óµµ, ÀÎÁ¤µÈ ¹ýÀÇ Çüŵé°ú ¹üÁ˷μ­ ó¹úµÇ´Â ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ µµµÏÁú°ú °­µµÁú º¸´Ùµµ ´õ ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÎÆÐ ½ÃŲ´Ù.

A single execution carried out by prosperous educated men uninfluenced by passion, with the approbation and assistance of Christian ministers, and represented as some¡©thing necessary and even just, is infinitely more corrupting and brutalizing to men than thousands of murders com¡©mitted by uneducated working people under the influence of passion. An execution such as was proposed by Joukovsky, which would produce even a sentiment of religious emotion in the spectators, would be one of the most per¡©verting actions imaginable. (See vol. iv. of the works of Joukovsky.)

±âµ¶±³ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ ½ÂÀΰú ÇùÁ¶·Î¼­, °¨Á¤¿¡ Èçµé¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ±³À°À» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÁýÇàµÇ°í, ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸ç ½ÉÁö¾î Á¤´çÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Â ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ Ã³ÇüÀ̶óµµ, °¨Á¤¿¡ ¿µÇâ¿¡ Á¿ìµÇ´Â ±³À° ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀúÁö¸¥ ¼öõÀÇ »ìÀÎ º¸´Ùµµ ´õ¿í »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ºÎÆÐÀûÀÌ°í ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ÁêÄں꽺۰¡ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ Ã³ÇüÀº, ½ÉÁö¾î °üÁߵ鿡°Ô Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤ÀÇ Á¤¼­¸¦ ºÒ·¯¿À´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå Ÿ¶ôÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿´´Ù. (ÁêÄں꽺ŰÀÇ ÀÛǰ 4±ÇÀ» º¸¶ó.)

Every war, even the most humanely conducted, with all its ordinary consequences, the destruction of harvests, robberies, the license and debauchery, and the murder with the justifications of its necessity and justice, the exaltation and glorification of military exploits, the worship of the flag, the patriotic sentiments, the feigned solicitude for the wounded, and so on, does more in one year to pervert men's minds than thousands of robberies, murders, and arsons perpetrated during hundreds of years by individual men under the influence of passion.

¸ðµç ÀüÀïÀº, ¾Æ¹«¸® ÀÚºñ½º·´°Ô ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±× Æò¹üÇÑ °á°úµé·Î¼­, Áï, ³óÀÛ¹°ÀÇ ÆÄ±«, °­µµÁú, ¹æÅ½°ú ³­ºÀ, ±×¸®°í ÇÊ¿ä¿Í Á¤ÀǸ¦ ±¸½Ç·Î ÇÏ´Â »ìÀÎ, ±º´ëÀÇ ¾÷Àû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Äª¼Û°ú Âù¹Ì, ±¹±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼þ¹è, ¾Ö±¹ÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤µé, ºÎ»óÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ °ÑÄ¡·¹ÀÇ ¿°·Á µîÀ¸·Î¼­, »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½µéÀ» Ÿ¶ô½ÃÅ´ÀÌ Àϳ⿡ ÇàÇØÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¨Á¤¿¡ Á¿ìµÇ¾î¼­ ¼ö¹é ³â µ¿¾È ÀÚÇàµÇ´Â °­µµÁú, »ìÀÎ, ±×¸®°í ¹æÈ­µé º¸´Ù ´õ Å©´Ù.

The luxurious expenditure of a single respectable and so-called honorable family, even within the conventional limits, consuming as it does the produce of as many days of labor as would suffice to provide for thousands living in privation near, does more to pervert men's minds than thousands of the violent orgies of coarse tradespeople, officers, and workmen of drunken and debauched habits, who smash up glasses and crockery for amusement.

´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ Á¸°æ ¹Þ´Â ¼ÒÀ§ ±ÍÁ· °¡¹®ÀÇ »çÄ¡½º·¯¿î ÁöÃâÀ̶óµµ, ½ÉÁö¾î °ü½ÀÀûÀÎ ÇÑ°è ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÏÁö¶óµµ, ±Ùó¿¡¼­ ±¾ÁÖ¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ¼öõÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸ÔÀ̱⿡ ÃæºÐÇÑ Á¤µµÀÇ ³ëµ¿ ÀÏ ¼ö ¸¸Å­À» ¼Ò¸ðÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­, Àç¹Ì·Î¼­ À¯¸®¿Í ±×¸©µéÀ» ºÎ¼ö´Â ¼öõÀÇ °ÅÄ£ »óÀεé, ¼ú ÃëÇÏ°í ¹æÅÁÇÑ ½À°üÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ³­ÆøÇÑ Èïû°Å¸²º¸´Ù »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½µéÀ» ´õ¿í Ÿ¶ô½ÃŰ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù.

One solemn religious procession, one service, one sermon from the altar-steps or the pulpit, in which the preacher does not believe, produces incomparably more evil than thousands of swindling tricks, adulteration of food, and so on.

´Ü ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ¾ö¼÷ÇÑ Á¾±³Àû Çà·Ä, ´Ü ÇѹøÀÇ ¿¹¹è, ¼³±³ÀÚ°¡ À̰ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­, Á¦´ÜÀ̳ª ¼³±³´Ü¿¡¼­ ÇàÇÏ´Â ´Ü ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ¼³±³¶óµµ, ¼öõÀÇ »ç±âÀûÀÎ ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö, ºÒ·® À½½Ä, µîµî º¸´Ùµµ ´õ¿í ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸® ¸¸Ä¡ ¸¹Àº ¾ÇÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù.

We talk of the hypocrisy of the Pharisees. But the hypocrisy of our society far surpasses the comparatively innocent hypocrisy of the Pharisees. They had at least an external religious law, the fulfillment of which hindered them from seeing their obligations to their neighbors. Moreover, these obligations were not nearly so clearly defined in their day. Nowadays we have no such religious law to exonerate us from our duties to our neighbors (I am not speaking now of the coarse and ignorant persons who still fancy their sins can be absolved by confession to a priest or by the absolution of the Pope). On the contrary, the law of the Gospel which we all profess in one form or another directly defines these duties. Besides, the duties which had then been only vaguely and mystically expressed by a few prophets have now been so clearly formulated, have become such truisms, that they are repeated even by schoolboys and journalists. And so it would seem that men of today cannot pretend that they do not know these duties.

¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÇ À§¼±À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸® »çȸÀÇ À§¼±Àº ¹Ù¸®»õÀεéÀÇ ºñ±³Àû ¼ø¼öÇÑ À§¼±À» ÈξÀ ´É°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â Àû¾îµµ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ À²¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀÇ ¼ºÃë°¡ ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ½À» ¹æÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, À̵é Àǹ«µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ °ÅÀÇ ±×·¸°Ô Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô Á¤ÀǵÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àǹ«µéÀ» ¸éÁ¦ÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â ±×·± Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ À²¹ýÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Õ ¾ø´Ù (³ª´Â Áö±Ý ±×µéÀÇ Á˰¡ »çÁ¦µé¿¡°Ô °í¹éÇÔÀ̳ª ±³È²ÀÇ ¸éÁË¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ç¸éµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¾ÆÁ÷µµ »ó»óÇÏ´Â °ÅÄ¥°í ¹«ÁöÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù). ¹Ý´ë·Î, ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ÇüÅ·Π°í¹éÇÏ´Â º¹À½¼­ÀÇ À²¹ýÀº ÀÌ·± Àǹ«µéÀ» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, ¸î¸î ¼±ÁöÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°í ½Åºñ½º·´°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´ø Àǹ«µéÀÌ Áö±ÝÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³Ê¹«³ª ÁøºÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­, ±×°ÍµéÀº ½ÉÁö¾î ÇлýµéÀ̳ª ´ëÁß ÀÛ°¡µéµµ ÀοëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¸±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ Àǹ«µéÀ» ¸ð¸£°í Àִ ôÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾î º¸ÀδÙ.

A man of the modern world who profits by the order of things based on violence, and at the same time protests that he loves his neighbor and does not observe what he is doing in his daily life to his neighbor, is like a brigand who has spent his life in robbing men, and who, caught at last, knife in hand, in the very act of striking his shrieking victim, should declare that he had no idea that what he was doing was disagreeable to the man he had robbed and was prepared to murder. Just as this robber and murderer could not deny what was evident to everyone, so it would seem that a man living upon the privations of the oppressed classes cannot persuade himself and others that he desires the welfare of those he plunders, and that he does not know how the advantages he enjoys are obtained.

Æø·Â¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ¼¼»ó Áú¼­¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸¸é¼­, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϸç, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý¾Ö¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â Çö´ë ¼¼°èÀÇ »ç¶÷Àº, ¸¶Ä¡ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °­Å»ÇÔ¿¡ ±×ÀÇ Æò»ýÀ» º¸³»°í, ¼Õ¿¡ Ä®À» µé°í¼­, ºñ¸íÀ» Áö¸£´Â Èñ»ýÀÚ¿¡°Ô ³»¸®Ä¡·Á´Â ¼ø°£¿¡ ºÙÀâÇô¼­´Â, ±×°¡ Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ÇàÀ§°¡ ±×°¡ °­µµÁú ÇÏ°í »ìÇØÇÏ·Á´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÇØ·Î¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö ¸ô¶ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °­µµ¿Í °°´Ù. ÀÌ·± °­µµ¿Í »ìÀÎÀÚ°¡ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸í¹éÇÑ °ÍÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³, ¾ï¾Ð ¹Þ´Â °èÃþµéÀ» ¾àÅ»ÇÔÀ¸·Î »ì¾Æ°¡´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×°¡ ¾àÅ»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇູÀ» ¹Ù¶ó¸ç, ±×°¡ ´©¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀ͵éÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾ò¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í È®½Å½Ãų ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

It is impossible to convince ourselves that we do not know that there are a hundred thousand men in prison in Russia alone to guarantee the security of our property and tranquility, and that we do not know of the law tribunals in which we take part, and which, at our initiative, condemn those who have attacked our property or our security to prison, exile, or forced labor, whereby men no worse than those who condemn them are ruined and corrupted; or that we do not know that we only possess all that we do possess because it has been acquired and is defended for us by murder and violence.

¿ì¸®´Â ·¯½Ã¾Æ Çϳª ¸¸À¸·Îµµ, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»ê°ú Æò¾ÈÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ» º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¼ö¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¨¿Á¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ð¸£¸ç, ¿ì¸®°¡ Âü¼®ÇÏ´Â ¹ýÁ¤À» ¸ð¸£¸ç, ±×°÷¿¡¼­´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÁÖü°¡ µÇ¾î¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»êÀ̳ª ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ» À§ÇùÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °¨¿Á, Ãß¹æ, µµ´Â °­Á¦³ëµ¿¿¡ ¼±°íÇϸç, ±×·³À¸·Î½á, »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀ» Á¤ÁËÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ°í ºÎÆÐµÊÀ» ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í; ¶Ç´Â ¿ì¸®´Â »ìÀΰú Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î¼­ ȹµæµÇ¾îÁö°í ¼öÈ£ µÊÀ¸·Î½á, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÒ »ÓÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ¿ì¸® ½º½º·Î¸¦ È®½Å½ÃŲ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

We cannot pretend that we do not see the armed police¡©man who marches up and down beneath our windows to guarantee our security while we eat our luxurious dinner, or look at the new piece at the theater, or that we are unaware of the existence of the soldiers who will make their appearance with guns and cartridges directly our property is attacked.

¿ì¸®°¡ È­·ÁÇÑ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ¶Ç´Â ±ØÀå¿¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î ÀÛǰÀ» ±¸°æÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ¾ÈÀüÀ» º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§Çؼ­, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ ¿À¸£¶ô ³»¸®¶ô Ç౺ÇÏ´Â ¹«ÀåÇÑ °æÂû°üÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í Çϰųª, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»êÀÌ °ø°Ý ´çÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ÃѰú ź¾àµéÀ» ÈÞ´ëÇÏ°í ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â º´»çµéÀÇ Á¸À縦 ¸ð¸£´Â °Íó·³ ÇൿÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

We know very well that we are only allowed to go on eating our dinner, to finish seeing the new play, or to enjoy to the end the ball, the Christmas fete, the promenade, the races or the hunt, thanks to the policeman's revolver or the soldier's rifle, which will shoot down the famished out¡©cast who has been robbed of his share, and who looks round the corner with covetous eyes at our pleasures, ready to interrupt them instantly, were not the policeman and the soldier there prepared to run up at our first call for help.

¿ì¸®°¡ µµ¿ò ¿äûÀ» ºÎ¸£Â¢ÀÚ ¸¶ÀÚ ´Þ·Á ¿Ã °æÂû°ü°ú º´»çµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸òÀ» °­Å»´çÇϰí, ÁÖº¯À» ¹èȸÇÏ¸ç ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ Äè¶ôÀ» Ž¿å½º·¯¿î ´«À¸·Î ¹Ù¶óº¸¸é¼­, ±Ý¹æÀÌ¶óµµ ½Ãºñ¸¦ °É °Í °°Àº ±¾ÁÖ¸° ºÎ¶û¾Æ¸¦ ½î¾Æ¼­ ³Ñ¾î¶ß¸®´Â °æÂû°üÀÇ ±ÇÃÑÀ̳ª º´»çµéÀÇ ¼ÒÃÑÀÇ µµ¿ò ´öÅÃÀ¸·Î, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸¸Âù¿¡¼­ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±ØÀ» ¸¶Áö¸·±îÁö º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹«µµÈ¸¸¦ ³¡±îÁö Áñ±æ ¼ö µµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Å©¸®½º¸¶½º ÃàÁ¦, »êÃ¥, °æÁÖµéÀ̳ª »ç³ÉÀ» Áñ±æ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â ³Ê¹«µµ Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.

And therefore just as a brigand caught in broad daylight in the act cannot persuade us that he did not lift his knife in order to rob his victim of his purse, and had no thought of killing him, we too, it would seem, cannot persuade our¡©selves or others that the soldiers and policemen around us are not to guard us, but only for defense against foreign foes, and to regulate traffic and fetes and reviews; we cannot persuade ourselves and others that we do not know that men do not like dying of hunger, bereft of the right to gain their subsistence from the earth on which they live; that they do not like working underground, in the water, or in stifling heat, for ten to fourteen hours a day, at night in factories to manufacture objects for our pleasure. One would imagine it impossible to deny what is so obvious. Yet it is denied.

±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ȯÇÑ ´ë³·¿¡ ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ºÙÀâÈù °­µµ°¡ ±×ÀÇ Èñ»ýÀڷκÎÅÍ Áö°©À» »©¾Ñ±â À§Çؼ­ ±×ÀÇ Ä®À» µéÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í, ±×µé Á×ÀÏ »ý°¢ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¼³µæÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³, ¿ì¸® ¿ª½Ãµµ Àڽſ¡°Ô³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ º´»çµéÀ̳ª °æÂû°üµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ Áö۱â À§Çؼ­ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿Ü±¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ø¼öµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹æ¾îÇϱâ À§Çؼ­, ±×¸®°í ±³ÅëÀ̳ª ÃàÁ¦, ±×¸®°í º´»çµéÀÇ ¿­º´½ÄÀ» ÅëÁ¦Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù; »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ°¡´Â Áö»ó¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÇ »ý°è ¼ö´ÜÀ» ¾òÀ» ±Ç¸®¸¦ ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÏ°í¼­ ±¾¾î Á×´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»; ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Äè¶ôÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹°°Ç µéÀ» Á¦Á¶ÇÏ´Â °øÀåµé¿¡¼­ ¹ã Áß¿¡ ÇÏ·ç 10 ³»Áö 14 ½Ã°£À» ¶¥ ¼Ó¿¡¼­, ¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼­, ¶Ç´Â Áú½ÄÇÏ´Â ¿­±â ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í Àڽſ¡°Ô³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¸°Ô ¸í¹éÇÑ °ÍÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í »ó»óÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ºÎÀεǰí ÀÖ´Ù.

Still, there are, among the rich, especially among the young, and among women, persons whom I am glad to meet more and more frequently, who, when they are shown in what way and at what cost their pleasures are purchased, do not try to conceal the truth, but hiding their heads in their hands, cry: "Ah! Don't speak of that. If it is so, life is impossible." But though there are such sincere people who even though they cannot renounce their fault, at least see it, the vast majority of the men of the modern world have so entered into the parts they play in their hypocrisy that they boldly deny what is staring everyone in the face.

¾ÆÁ÷µµ, ºÎÀÚµé °¡¿îµ¥´Â, Ưº°È÷ ÀþÀºÀÌµé °¡¿îµ¥, ±×¸®°í ¿©¼ºµé °¡¿îµ¥, ³»°¡ Á¡Á¡ ÀÚÁÖ Áñ°ÅÀÌ ¸¸³ª´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù, ±×·±µ¥ ±×µéÀº, ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÇ Äè¶ôÀÌ »çµé¿©Áö´ÂÁö º¸°Ô µÇ¸é, Áø¸®¸¦ ¼û±â·Á ½ÃµµÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸®µéÀ» ¼Õ ¾È¿¡ ¼û±â¸é¼­, ¼Ò¸® Áö¸¥´Ù: ¡°¾Æ! ±×·¸°Ô ¸»¾¸ÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·¸´Ù¸é, »îÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡± ±×·¯³ª ºñ·Ï ±×µéÀÇ À߸øÀ» ´Ü³äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ Àû¾îµµ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ±×·¸°Ô Áø½ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, Çö´ë ¼¼°èÀÇ ¾öû³­ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ À§¼± ¾È¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ´ã´çÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¿ªÇҵ鿡 ³Ê¹«³ª ÆÄ°í µé¾î¼­ ±×µéÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ó±¼¿¡ ºþÈ÷ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» ´ë´ãÇÏ°Ô ºÎÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

"All that is unjust," they say; "no one forces the people to work for the landowners and manufacturers. That is an affair of free contract. Great properties and fortunes are necessary, because they provide and organize work for the working classes. And labor in the factories and workshops is not at all the terrible thing you make it out to be. Even if there are some abuses in factories, the government and the public are taking steps to obviate them and to make the labor of the factory workers much easier, and even agreeable. The working classes are accustomed to physical labor, and are, so far, fit for nothing else. The poverty of the people is not the result of private property in land, nor of capitalistic oppression, but of other causes: it is the result of the ignorance, brutality, and intemperance of the people. And we men in authority who are striving against this impoverishment of the people by wise legisla¡©tion, we capitalists who are combating it by the extension of useful inventions, we clergymen by religious instruc¡©tion, and we liberals by the formation of trades unions, and the diffusion of education, are in this way increasing the prosperity of the people without changing our own positions. We do not want all to be as poor as the poor; we want all to be as rich as the rich. As for the assertion that men are ill treated and murdered to force them to work for the profit of the rich, that is a sophism. The army is only called out against the mob, when the people, in ignorance of their own interests, make disturbances and destroy the tranquility necessary for the public welfare. In the same way, too, it is necessary to keep in restraint the malefactors for whom the prisons and gallows are established. We ourselves wish to suppress these forms of punishment and are working in that direction."

±×µéÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù, ¡°±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ºÎ´çÇÏ´Ù, ¾Æ¹«µµ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÁöÁÖµé°ú Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚµéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ³ëµ¿Ç϶ó°í °­¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀÚÀ¯ °è¾àÀÇ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. ¾öû³­ Àç»êµé°ú Å« µ·ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±ÞµéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀϰŸ®¸¦ ÁغñÇϰí Á¶Á÷ÇØ¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °øÀåµé°ú ÀÛ¾÷Àåµé¿¡¼­ÀÇ ³ëµ¿Àº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ÀüÇô ¹«¼­¿î °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï °øÀåµé¿¡¼­ ¾à°£ÀÇ È¤»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶ó°í, Á¤ºÎ¿Í ´ëÁßÀº ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÇÇÇØ°¥ ¹æµµµéÀ» ÃëÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í °øÀå ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ³ëµ¿À» ÈξÀ ½±µµ·Ï, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ÄèÀûÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±ÞµéÀº À°Ã¼ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ÀûÀÀµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿©Å±îÁö ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °Í¿¡µµ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °¡³­Àº ÅäÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çÀ¯ Àç»êÀ̳ª, ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ ¾ï¾ÐÀÇ °á°ú°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ ¿øÀε鿡 ÀÖ´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹«Áö, ÀÜÀÎÇÔ, ±×¸®°í ¹«ÀýÁ¦ÀÇ °á°úÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÁöÇý·Î¿î ÀÔ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °¡³­°ú ½Î¿ì´Â ±Ç·ÂÀ» Áã°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸® »çµéÀº, À¯ÀÍÇÑ ¹ß¸íµéÀÇ È®ÀåÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ±×°Í°ú ½Î¿ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸® ÀÚº»°¡µéÀº, Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °¡¸£Ä§À» °¡Áø ¿ì¸® ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀº, ±×¸®°í ³ëµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ Çü¼º°ú ±³À°ÀÇ È®»êÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸® ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀº, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇØ¼­ ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁöÀ§µéÀ» º¯È­½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê°í¼­µµ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹ø¿µÀ» Áõ´ë ½Ã۰í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé ¸¸Å­ °¡³­ÇØ Áö±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶óÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù; ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÎÀÚµé ¸¸Å­ ºÎÀ¯ÇØ Áö±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§ÇØ ³ëµ¿Çϵµ·Ï ÇÐ´ë ´çÇÏ°í »ìÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀå¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÑ, ±×°ÍÀº ±Ëº¯ÀÌ´Ù. ±º´ë´Â, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ü½Éµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«Áö·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­, ¼Ò¶õÀ» ÇÇ¿ì°í °ø°øÀÇ º¹Áö¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æò¾ÈÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ ¶§, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÆøµµµéÀ» Áø¾ÐÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¼ÒÁýµÈ´Ù. ¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î, ¾ÇÇàÀÚµéÀ» Á¦ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, ±×µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ °¨¿Áµé°ú ±³¼ö´ë°¡ ¼¼¿öÁø´Ù. ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀº ÀÌ·± ó¹ú ÇüŵéÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ¸ç ±× ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ³ë·ÂÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.¡±

Hypocrisy in our day is supported on two sides: by false religion and by false science. And it has reached such proportions that if we were not living in its midst, we could not believe that men could attain such a pitch of self-deception. Men of the present day have come into such an extraordinary condition, their hearts are so hardened, that seeing they see not, hearing they do not hear, and understand not.

¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ À§¼±Àº µÎ Áø¿µ¿¡¼­ ÁöÁö µÈ´Ù: °ÅÁþµÈ Á¾±³¿Í °ÅÁþµÈ °úÇÐÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°Íµé ¾È¿¡¼­ »ì°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×Åä·Ï ½É°¢ÇÑ Àڱ⠱⸸¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó°í ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á¤µµ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù. Çö ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×Åä·Ï ÀÌ»óÇÑ »óÅ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½Àº ³Ê¹«³ª ¿Ï¾ÇÇØÁ®¼­, ±×µéÀº º¸·Á ÇÏÁö¸¸ º¸Áö ¸øÇϰí, µéÀ¸·Á ÇÏÁö¸¸ µèÁö ¸øÇϸç, ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.

Men have long been living in antagonism to their con¡©science. If it were not for hypocrisy they could not go on living such a life. This social organization in opposition to their conscience only continues to exist because it is dis¡©guised by hypocrisy.

»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É°ú ¹Ý¸ñÇÏ¸ç »ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ À§¼±ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ »îÀ» »ì¾Æ °¥ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â ÀÌ·± »çȸÀû Á¶Á÷Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ À§¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ À§ÀåµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.

And the greater the divergence between actual life and men's conscience, the greater the extension of hypocrisy. But even hypocrisy has its limits. And it seems to me that we have reached those limits in the present day.

±×¸®°í ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ »î°ú »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ °¥¶óÁüÀÌ Å©¸é Ŭ¼ö·Ï, À§¼±ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªµµ Ä¿Áø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÉÁö¾î À§¼±µµ ±× ÇѰ谡 ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â Çö ½Ã´ë¿¡ ±× ÇѰ迡 µµÂøÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ³»°Ô ´À²¸Áø´Ù.

Every man of the present day with the Christian princi¡©ples assimilated involuntarily in his conscience, finds him¡©self in precisely the position of a man asleep who dreams that he is obliged to do something which even in his dream he knows he ought not to do. He knows this in the depths of his conscience, and all the same he seems unable to change his position; he cannot stop and cease doing what he ought not to do. And just as in a dream, his position becoming more and more painful, at last reaches such a pitch of intensity that he begins sometimes to doubt the reality of what is passing and makes a moral effort to shake off the nightmare which is oppressing him.

Àڱ⵵ ¸ð¸£°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®µéÀ» Èí¼öÇÑ Çö ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷Àº, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ²Þ ¼Ó¿¡¼­µµ ±×°¡ ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÇàÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ²Þ²Ù¸ç Àáµé¾î ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ »óÅÂ¿Í ¶È°°À½À» ¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾ç½É ±íÀº °÷¿¡¼­ À̰ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »óŸ¦ º¯È­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾î º¸ÀδÙ; ±×´Â ±×°¡ ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇÔÀ» ¸ØÃß°í ÁßÁöÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ²Þ¿¡¼­¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±×ÀÇ À§Ä¡´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ °íÅ뽺·¯¿öÁö¸ç, ¸¶Ä§³» ³Ê¹«³ª ½ÉÇÑ Áö°æ¿¡ À̸£·¯¼­ ±×´Â ¶§¶§·Î ÀÏ¾î ³ª°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÇ Çö½ÇÀ» ÀǽÉÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¸ç ±×¸¦ ¾ï´©¸£°í ÀÖ´Â ¾Ç¸ùÀ» ¶³ÃĹö¸®·Á°í µµ´öÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.

This is just the condition of the average man of our Christian society. He feels that all that he does himself and that is done around him is something absurd, hideous, impossible, and opposed to his conscience; he feels that his position is becoming more and more unendurable and reaching a crisis of intensity.

À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸® ±âµ¶±³ »çȸÀÇ º¸Åë»ç¶÷ÀÇ »óȲÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇàÇÏ¸ç ±×ÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­ ÇàÇØÁö´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ºÒÇÕ¸®Çϸç, ¹«¼·°í, ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç, ±×ÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À³¤´Ù; ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã³Áö°¡ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÂüÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç ±ØµµÀÇ À§±â¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÔÀ» ´À³¤´Ù.

It is not possible that we modern men, with the Christian sense of human dignity and equality permeating us soul and body, with our need for peaceful association and unity between nations, should really go on living in such a way that every joy, every gratification we have is bought by the sufferings, by the lives of our brother men, and more¡©over, that we should be every instant within a hair's-breadth of falling on one another, nation against nation, like wild beasts, mercilessly destroying men's lives and labor, only because some benighted diplomatist or ruler says or writes some stupidity to another equally benighted diplomatist or ruler.

¿ì¸® Çö´ëÀεéÀÌ, Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¸¾ö¼º°ú ÆòµîÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̰¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿µÈ¥°ú ¸ö¿¡ ½º¸çµé¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±¹°¡ °£ÀÇ ÆòÈ­·Î¿î ±³·ù¿Í ¿¬ÇÕÀÇ Çʿ並 ´À³¢¸é¼­µµ, Á¤¸» ±×·± ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î »îÀ» »ì¾Æ°¨À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­, ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Áö´Â ¸ðµç Áñ°Å¿ò, ¸ðµç ¸¸Á·µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¿Æ÷µéÀÇ °íÅë°ú ¸ñ¼ûÀ¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í À̻Ӹ¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸Å ¼ø°£ ¸¶´Ù ¼­·Î¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÒ ÁöôÀÇ °Å¸® ¾È¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±¹°¡°¡ ±¹°¡¸¦ ´ëÀûÇϸç, ¸¶Ä¡ µéÁü½Âµéó·³, »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûµé°ú ³ëµ¿À» ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô ÆÄ±«Çϰí, À̰ÍÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹«ÁöÇÑ ¾î¶² ¿Ü±³°üÀ̳ª ÅëÁöÀÚ°¡ ¶È°°ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹«ÁöÇÑ ¿Ü±³°üÀ̳ª ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ¾î¸®¼®Àº °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϰųª ±â·ÏÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.

It is impossible. Yet every man of our day sees that this is so and awaits the calamity. And the situation becomes more and more insupportable.

±×°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº À̰ÍÀº ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸ç Àç¾ÓÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× »óȲÀº Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÁöÅÊÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù.

And as the man who is dreaming does not believe that what appears to him can be truly the reality and tries to wake up to the actual real world again, so the average man of modern days cannot in the bottom of his heart believe that the awful position in which he is placed and which is growing worse and worse can be the reality, and tries to wake up to a true, real life, as it exists in his conscience.

±×¸®°í ²ÞÀ» ²Ù°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ Àڽſ¡°Ô º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î Çö½ÇÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù½Ã ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¼¼»óÀ¸·Î ±ú¾î ³ª·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾²´Â °Íó·³, Çö´ëÀÇ º¸Åë »ç¶÷Àº ±×ÀÇ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ú¿¡¼­ ±×°¡ Ã³ÇØ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¾ÇÈ­µÇ´Â ¹«¼­¿î À§Ä¡°¡ Çö½ÇÀÏ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ¹ÏÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °Í °°Àº, Áø½ÇÇϸç ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ »îÀ¸·Î ±ú¾î³ª·Á ¾Ö¸¦ ¾´´Ù.

And just as the dreamer need only make a moral effort and ask himself, "Isn't it a dream?" and the situation which seemed to him so hopeless will instantly disappear, and he will wake up to peaceful and happy reality, so the man of the modern world need only make a moral effort to doubt the reality presented to him by his own hypocrisy and the general hypocrisy around him, and to ask himself, "Isn't it all a delusion?" and he will at once, like the dreamer awakened, feel himself transported from an imag¡©inary and dreadful world to the true, calm, and happy reality.

±×¸®°í ²Þ²Ù´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ µµ´öÀûÀÌ ³ë·ÂÀ» Çϸç, Àڽſ¡°Ô, ¡°À̰ÍÀÌ ²ÞÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò±î? ÇÏ°í ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹°À¸¸é Çʿ䰡 ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯¸é, ±×¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª Èñ¸ÁÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í ´À²¸Áö´Â »óȲÀÌ Áï½Ã »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀ̰í, ±×´Â ÆòÈ­½º·´°í ÇູÇÑ Çö½Ç·Î ±ú¾î³ª´Â °Íó·³, ÇöÀç ¼¼»óÀÇ »ç¶÷Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À§¼±°ú ±× ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ À§¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ³ªÅ¸³­ Çö½ÇÀ» ÀǽÉÇÏ·Á´Â µµ´öÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀ» Çϰí, ¡°ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¸Á»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò±î?¡± ÇÏ°í ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹°À» Çʿ䰡 ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯¸é, ±×´Â ´çÀå, ¸¶Ä¡ ²Þ²Ù´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±ú¾î³­ °Íó·³, »ó»óÀÇ ¹«¼­¿î ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ Áø½ÇÇϸç, Æò¾ÈÇϸç, ÇູÇÑ Çö½Ç·Î ¿Å¾Æ°¨À» ´À³¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

And to do this a man need accomplish no great feats or exploits. He need only make a moral effort.

±×¸®°í ÀÌÀÏÀ» ÇàÇϱâ À§Çؼ­, »ç¶÷Àº °Å´ëÇÑ ¾÷ÀûµéÀ̳ª °øÀûµéÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ±×´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ µµ´öÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

But can a man make this effort?

±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?

According to the existing theory so essential to support hypocrisy, man is not free and cannot change his life.

±×·¯ÇÑ À§¼±À» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ À̷п¡ ÀÇÇϸé, »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

"Man cannot change his life, because he is not free. He is not free, because all his actions are conditioned by pre¡©viously existing causes. And whatever the man may do there are always some causes or other through which he does these or those acts, and therefore man cannot be free and change his life," say the champions of the metaphysics of hypocrisy. And they would be perfectly right if man were a creature without conscience and incapable of mov¡©ing toward the truth; that is to say, if after recognizing a new truth, man always remained at the same stage of moral development. But man is a creature with a con¡©science and capable of attaining a higher and higher degree of truth. And therefore even if man is not free as regards performing these or those acts because there exists a previous cause for every act, the very causes of his acts, consisting as they do for the man of conscience of the recognition of this or that truth, are within his own control.

¡°»ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×´Â ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§´Â ±âÁ¸¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¿øÀε鿡 À§Çؼ­ Á¿ìµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×°¡ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÌ·± Àú·± ¿øÀεéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ï ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù,¡±¶ó°í À§¼±¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀÇ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ç½ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÇÁ¶¹°À̸ç Áø¸®¸¦ ÇâÇØ¼­ ³ª¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é ±×µéÀº ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ¿ÇÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÑ ´ÙÀ½¿¡, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª µµ´öÀû ¹ßÀü¿¡¼­ ¶È °°Àº ´Ü°è¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸¥´Ù¸é ±×·¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷Àº ¾ç½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³ô°í ³ôÀº Áø¸®ÀÇ °æÁö¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ÇÇÁ¶¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ½ÉÁö¾î ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ðµç Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÔ¿¡ À־ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ·± ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ±× ¿øÀεéÀÌ, ¾ç½ÉÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·± Àú·± Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¹Ç·Î, ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÅëÁ¦ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

So that though man may not be free as regards the performance of his actions, he is free as regards the foun¡©dation on which they are performed. Just as the mechan¡©ician who is not free to modify the movement of his loco¡©motive when it is in motion, is free to regulate the machine beforehand so as to determine what the movement is to be.

±×·¡¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÔ¿¡ À־ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ Áö¶óµµ, ÇàÀ§µéÀÌ ¼öÇàµÇ´Â ±âÃÊ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡, ±â¼úÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±â°üÂ÷°¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¶§ ±×°ÍÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, »çÀü¿¡ ±â°è¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© ¾î¶»°Ô ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î °Í°ú °°´Ù.

Whatever the conscious man does, he acts just as he does, and not otherwise, only because he recognizes that to act as he is acting is in accord with the truth, or because he has recognized it at some previous time, and is now only through inertia, through habit, acting in accordance with his previous recognition of truth.

ÀǽÄÀ» Áö´Ñ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇàÇϵçÁö, ±×´Â ±×°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ÇàÇÒ »ÓÀ̸ç, ´Ù¸§Àº ¾ø´Ù, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â, ±×°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Áø¸®¿Í ÀÏÄ¡Çϰųª, ±×°¡ °ú°Å ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ÀÌÁ¦ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹«´ÉÇÔÀ¸·Î, ½À°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, °ú°Å¿¡ ÀνÄÇÑ Áø¸®¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡µÇ°Ô ÇàÇϰí ÀÖÀ½À» ÀνÄÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

In any case, the cause of his action is not to be found in any given previous fact, but in the consciousness of a given relation to truth, and the consequent recognition of this or that fact as a sufficient basis for action.

¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡µµ, ±×ÀÇ ÇൿÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÁÖ¾îÁø »ç½Ç¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸³ª, Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁÖ¾îÁø °ü°èÀÇ ÀνÄ, ±×¸®°í ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÃæºÐÇÑ ±Ù°Å·Î¼­ ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ ÀÌ·± Àú·± »ç½ÇÀÇ ÀνĿ¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Whether a man eats or does not eat, works or rests, runs risks or avoids them, if he has a conscience he acts thus only because he considers it right and rational, because he considers that to act thus is in harmony with truth, or else because he has made this reflection in the past.

»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸Ôµç ¾È ¸Ôµç, ÀÏÇϵç ÈÞ½ÄÇϵç, À§ÇèÀ» ¸ÂÀÌÇϰųª ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÇÇÇϰųª, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¾ç½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ÇÀ¸¸ç À̼ºÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇÔÀº Áø¸®¿Í ÀÏÄ¡Çϰųª, °ú°Å¿¡ ±×°¡ ÀÌ·± »ý°¢À» ÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

The recognition or non-recognition of a certain truth depends not on external causes, but on certain other causes within the man himself. So that at times under external conditions apparently very favorable for the recognition of truth, one man will not recognize it, and another, on the contrary, under the most unfavorable conditions will without apparent cause, recognize it. As it is said in the Gos¡©pel, "No man can come unto me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him." That is to say, the recognition of truth, which is the cause of all the manifestations of human life, does not depend on external phenomena, but on certain inner spiritual characteristics of the man which escape our observation.

ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ºñÀνÄÀº ¿ÜÀûÀÎ ¿øÀε鿡 ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç¶÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡ Àִ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¿øÀε鿡 ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¶§·Î´Â Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνĿ¡ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¸Å¿ì ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óȲµé ¾Æ·¡¼­µµ, ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¹Ý´ë·Î, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷Àº °¡Àå ¿­¾ÇÇÑ »óȲ ¾Æ·¡¼­µµ, ¸í¹éÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀÌ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº º¹À½¼­¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ ¹Ù, ¡°³» ¾Æ¹öÁö²²¼­ ¿À°Ô ÇÏ¿© ÁÖÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ½Ã¸é ´©±¸µçÁö ³»°Ô ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¡± ¿Í °°´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνÄÀº, À̰ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ðµç Ç¥»óµéÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­, ¿ÜÀûÀÎ Çö»ó¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °üÃøÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ³»ÀûÀÎ ¿µÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºµé¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù.

And therefore man, though not free in his acts, always feels himself free in what is the motive of his acts-the recognition or non-recognition of truth. And he feels him¡©self independent not only of facts external to his own per¡©sonality, but even of his own actions.

±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, »ç¶÷Àº, ºñ·Ï ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ, ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¿±â-Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀÎ½Ä ¶Ç´Â ºñÀνÄ-¿¡ À־ ½º½º·Î ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ´À³¤´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼º°Ý¿¡ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »ç½Çµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇàÀ§µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ µ¶¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» ´À³¤´Ù.

Thus a man who under the influence of passion has committed an act contrary to the truth he recognizes, remains none the less free to recognize it or not to recog¡©nize it; that is, he can by refusing to recognize the truth regard his action as necessary and justifiable, or he may recognize the truth and regard his act as wrong and censure himself for it.

±×¸®ÇÏ¿© °¨Á¤ÀÇ ¿µÇ⠾Ʒ¡¼­ ±×°¡ ÀνÄÇÏ´Â Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹üÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÔÀ̳ª ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù, Áï, ±×´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔÀ» °ÅºÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±æ ¼ö Àְųª, ¶Ç´Â ±×´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ°í ±×ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â°í ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Ã¥¸ÁÇÒ ¼ö µµ ÀÖ´Ù.

Thus a gambler or a drunkard who does not resist temp¡©tation and yields to his passion is still free to recognize gambling and drunkenness as wrong or to regard them as a harmless pastime. In the first case even if he does not at once get over his passion, he gets the more free from it the more sincerely he recognizes the truth about it; in the second case he will be strengthened in his vice and will deprive himself of every possibility of shaking it off.

±×¸®ÇÏ¿© À¯È¤À» ¹°¸®Ä¡Áö ¾Ê°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÏ´Â ³ë¸§²ÛÀ̳ª ÁÖÁ¤¹ðÀ̰¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³ë¸§À̳ª ¼ú ÃëÇÔÀ» ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù°í ÀνÄÇϰųª ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÇØ·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼ÒÀϰŸ®¶ó°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù. ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ±×°¡ ´çÀå ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ±Øº¹ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×´Â ±×°¡ ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Áö¸é Áú¼ö·Ï, ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áø¸®¸¦ ´õ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù; µÎ ¹øÂ°ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ÇÇÔÀ» ´õ¿í »Ñ¸®±í°Ô ÇÏ¿©¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» Åоî¹ö¸± ¸ðµç °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÀÒ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

In the same way a man who has made his escape alone from a house on fire, not having had the courage to save his friend, remains free, recognizing the truth that a man ought to save the life of another even at the risk of his own, to regard his action as bad and to censure himself for it, or, not recognizing this truth, to regard his action as natural and necessary and to justify it to himself. In the first case, if he recognizes the truth in spite of his departure from it, he prepares for himself in the future a whole series of acts of self-sacrifice necessarily flowing from this recog¡©nition of the truth; in the second case, a whole series of egoistic acts.

¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ºÒÀÌ ³­ Áý¿¡¼­ È¥ÀÚ¸¸ Å»ÃâÀ» °¨ÇàÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ, ±×ÀÇ Ä£±¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ ¿ë±â°¡ ¾ø¾îµµ, ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Å³ª, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ¹ö·Á¼­¶óµµ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» »ì·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ±ú´Ý°í¼­, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ³ª»Ú´Ù°í ¿©±â¸ç ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÁúÃ¥Çϰųª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é, ÀÌ·± Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í¼­, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿ì¸ç ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â¸é¼­ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù. ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®µÊ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î Èê·¯³ª¿À´Â ÀÚ±â Èñ»ý ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ Àüü °úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç; µÎ ¹øÂ°ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, À̱âÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ ÃÑüÀû Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Not that a man is always free to recognize or to refuse to recognize every truth. There are truths which he has recognized long before or which have been handed down to him by education and tradition and accepted by him on faith, and to follow these truths has become a habit, a second nature with him; and there are truths, only vaguely, as it were distantly, apprehended by him. The man is not free to refuse to recognize the first, nor to recognize the second class of truths. But there are truths of a third kind, which have not yet become an unconscious motive of action, but yet have been revealed so clearly to him that he cannot pass them by, and is inevitably obliged to do one thing or the other, to recognize or not to recognize them. And it is in regard to these truths that the man's freedom mani¡©fests itself.

»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¸ðµç Áø¸®µéÀ» ÀνÄÇϰųª ÀνÄÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÔ¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Áø¸®µé Áß¿¡´Â ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ÀνĵǾú°Å³ª, ±³À°À̳ª ÀüÅëÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ±×¿¡°Ô Àü¼öµÇ¾î ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© Áö°í, ÀÌ·± Áø¸®µéÀ» µû¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ½À°ü, Áï ±×¿¡°Ô À־ Á¦ 2ÀÇ Ãµ¼ºÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö¸° °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù; ±×¸®°í, ¸¶Ä¡ ¸Ö¸® ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³, ±×¿¡°Ô ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ÀνĵǴ Áø¸®µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ù¹øÂ°ÀÇ °ÍÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀνÄÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¶ÇÇÑ µÎ ¹øÂ° ¹üÁÖÀÇ Áø¸®µéµµ ÀνÄÇÔµµ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼¼ ¹øÂ° Á¾·ùÀÇ Áø¸®µéÀÌ Àִµ¥, ±×°ÍµéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ µ¿±â°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ±×¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¹àÇôÁ®¼­ ±×´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» Áö³ªÄ¥ ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î À̰ÍÀ̵ç Àú°ÍÀ̵ç ÇàÇϰųª, ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀνÄÇϰųª ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß µÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± Áø¸®µé¿¡ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

Every man during his life finds himself in regard to truth in the position of a man walking in the darkness with light thrown before him by the lantern he carries. He does not see what is not yet lighted up by the lantern; he does not see what he has passed which is hidden in the darkness; but at every stage of his journey he sees what is lighted up by the lantern, and he can always choose one side or the other of the road.

Á¦°¢±â »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àλý¿¡¼­ Áø¸®¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â µîÀ¸·Î Àڱ⠾ÕÀ» ºñÃß¸ç ¾îµÒ ¼ÓÀ» °É¾î°¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ã³Áö¿Í °°´Ù. ±×´Â µîÀ¸·Î¼­ ¾ÆÁ÷ ºñÃßÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù; ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Áö³ªÃļ­ ¾îµÒ ¼Ó¿¡ ¼û°ÜÁø °ÍÀ» º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ ¿©ÇàÀÇ Á¦°¢±â ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ µîÀ¸·Î ºñÃß¾î Áö´Â °ÍÀ» º»´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÌÂÊ ±æÀ̳ª ÀúÂÊ ±æÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

There are always unseen truths not yet revealed to the man's intellectual vision, and there are other truths out¡©lived, forgotten, and assimilated by him, and there are also certain truths that rise up before the light of his reason and require his recognition. And it is in the recognition or non-recognition of these truths that what we call his freedom is manifested.

»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÁöÀûÀÎ ½Ã¾ß¿¡ ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº Áø¸®µéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³°¾Æ ºüÁö°í, ÀØÇôÁö°í ±×¿¡°Ô Èí¼öµÈ ´Ù¸¥ Áø¸®µéµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ±×ÀÇ À̼ºÀÇ ºû ¾Õ¿¡ ¼Ú¾Æ³ª¼­ ±×ÀÇ ÀνÄÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϴ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Áø¸®µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼ÒÀ§ ±×ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± Áø¸®µéÀÇ ÀÎ½Ä ¶Ç´Â ºñÀνĿ¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

All the difficulty and seeming insolubility of the question of the freedom of man results from those who tried to solve the question imagining man as stationary in his re¡©lation to the truth.

»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾î·Á¿ò°ú ¿Ü°ß»ó ºÒ°¡ÇØÇÔÀº »ç¶÷Àº Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ À־ Á¤Ã¼µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í »ó»óÇϸ鼭 ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ç®·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊ·¡µÈ´Ù.

Man is certainly not free if we imagine him stationary, and if we forget that the life of a man and of humanity is nothing but a continual movement from darkness into light, from a lower stage of truth to a higher, from a truth more alloyed with errors to a truth more purified from them.

¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á¤Ã¼µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í »ó»óÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷°ú ÀηùÀÇ »îÀÌ ´ÜÁö ¾îµÒ¿¡¼­ ºûÀ¸·Î, ³·Àº ´Ü°èÀÇ Áø¸®¿¡¼­ ³ôÀº ´Ü°è·Î, ´õ ¸¹Àº ¿À·ù·Î Á¡Ã¶µÈ Áø¸®¿¡¼­ ´õ¿í´õ Á¤È­µÈ Áø¸®·Î Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÔÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀØ¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù¸é, »ç¶÷Àº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

Man would not be free if he knew no truth at all, and in the same way he would not be free and would not even have any idea of freedom if the whole truth which was to guide him in life had been revealed once for all to him in all its purity without any admixture of error.

¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«·± Áø¸®µµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í ¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Àλý¿¡¼­ ±×µé ÀεµÇÒ Àüü Áø¸®°¡, ¾î¶°ÇÑ °áÁ¡µµ È¥ÇÕµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ¼ø¼öÇÔ ±× ÀÚü·Î¼­, ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

But man is not stationary in regard to truth, but every individual man as he passes through life, and humanity as a whole in the same way, is continually learning to know a greater and greater degree of truth, and growing more and more free from error.

±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷Àº Áø¸®¿¡ °üÇÑÇÑ Á¤Ã¼µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù, ±×·¯³ª Á¦°¢±â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×¸®°í ¶È °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Àüü Àηù°¡, »îÀ» ÅëÇØ Áö³ª°¡¸é¼­, Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¡Á¡ Å« Á¤µµÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾î °¡°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¿À·ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿öÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

And therefore men are in a threefold relation to truth. Some truths have been so assimilated by them that they have become the unconscious basis of action, others are only just on the point of being revealed to him, and a third class, though not yet assimilated by him, have been revealed to him with sufficient clearness to force him to decide either to recognize them or to refuse to recognize them.

±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¶÷µéÀº Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¼¼°¡Áö·Î °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² Áø¸®µéÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¼Ó¼ÓµéÀÌ Èí¼öµÇ¾î¼­ ÇൿÀÇ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ±âÃʰ¡ µÇ¾ú°í, ´Ù¸¥ °ÍµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸· ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁö´Â ´Ü°è¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¼¼ ¹øÂ° Á¾·ù´Â, ¾ÆÁ÷ ±×¿¡°Ô Èí¼öµÇÁø ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ÃæºÐÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÔÀ¸·Î ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁ®¼­ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀνÄÇϰųª ÀνÄÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÒ °ÍÀ» °­¿äÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

These, then, are the truths which man is free to recog¡©nize or to refuse to recognize.

±×·¸´Ù¸é, À̰͵éÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ ÀνÄÇϰųª ÀνÄÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â Áø¸®µéÀÌ´Ù.

The liberty of man does not consist in the power of act¡©ing independently of the progress of life and the influences arising from it, but in the capacity for recognizing and acknowledging the truth revealed to him, and becoming the free and joyful participator in the eternal and infinite work of God, the life of the world; or on the other hand for refusing to recognize the truth, and so being a miser¡©able and reluctant slave dragged whither he has no desire to go.

»ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â »îÀÇ Áøº¸³ª ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯¹ßµÇ´Â ¿µÇâµé·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¶¸³µÇ¾î ÇൿÇÏ´Â Èû¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇô Áö´Â Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇϰí ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí, ¼¼»óÀÇ »ý¸íÀÎ, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÌ¸ç ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ÇàÀ§¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í Áñ°Å¿î Âü¿©ÀÚ°¡ µÇ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù; ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ ÆíÀ¸·Î, Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÔÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ°í ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °÷À¸·Î ²ø·Á°¡´Â ºÒ½ÖÇÏ°í ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇØ ÇÏ´Â ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Truth not only points out the way along which human life ought to move, but reveals also the only way along which it can move. And therefore all men must willingly or unwillingly move along the way of truth, some spon¡©taneously accomplishing the task set them in life, others submitting involuntarily to the law of life. Man's freedom lies in the power of this choice.

Áø¸®´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÌ µû¶ó°¡¸ç ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â ±æÀ» °¡¸®Å³ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×°ÍÀÌ ÁøÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±æÀ» ¹àÇôÁØ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚÀǵç ŸÀǵç Áø¸®ÀÇ ±æÀ» µû¶ó °¡¾ßÇϸç, ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº »î¿¡ Á¤ÇØÁø ÀÓ¹«µéÀ» ÀÚ¿¬½º·¹ ¿Ï¼öÇϸç, ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº »îÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ ¾ïÁö·Î ±¼º¹Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â ÀÌ·± ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â Èû¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù.

This freedom within these narrow limits seems so insignificant to men that they do not notice it. Some-¡©the determinists-consider this amount of freedom so trifling that they do not recognize it at all. Others-the champions of complete free will-keep their eyes fixed on their hypothetical free will and neglect this which seemed to them such a trivial degree of freedom.

ÀÌ·± Çù¼ÒÇÑ ÇѰèµé ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª »ç¼ÒÇÏ°Ô º¸¿©¼­ ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®Áö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µé-°áÁ¤·ÐÀÚµé-Àº ÀÌÁ¤µµÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾ÆÁÖ ´ë¼ö·ÓÁö ¾Ê°Ô ¿©°Ü¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÁ¶Â÷ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé-¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁöÀÇ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµé-Àº ±×µéÀÇ °¡¼³ÀûÀÎ ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ´«µéÀ» °íÁ¤½Ã۰í ÀÌ·± »ç¼ÒÇÑ Á¤µµÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯·Î ´À²¸Áö´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù.

This freedom, confined between the limits of complete ignorance of the truth and a recognition of a part of the truth, seems hardly freedom at all, especially since, whether a man is willing or unwilling to recognize the truth revealed to him, he will be inevitably forced to carry it out in life.

ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯´Â, Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹«Áö¿Í Áø¸®ÀÇ ºÎºÐÀûÀÎ ÀνÄÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡ °¤Çô¼­, ÀüÇô ÀÚÀ¯ °°Áö ¾Ê¾Æ º¸ÀδÙ, ƯÈ÷, ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏµç ¾Æ´ÏÇϵç, »î¿¡¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

A horse harnessed with others to a cart is not free to refrain from moving the cart. If he does not move for¡©ward the cart will knock him down and go on dragging him with it, whether he will or not. But the horse is free to drag the cart himself or to be dragged with it. And so it is with man.

´Ù¸¥ ¸»µé°ú ÇÔ²² ¸¶Â÷¿¡ ¸Å¿©Áø ¸»Àº ¸¶Â÷¸¦ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏµç ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Êµç ¸¶Â÷´Â ±×¸¦ Ãļ­ ³Ñ±â°í ²ø°í °¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸»ÀÌ ¸¶Â÷¸¦ ²ø°í °¡°Å³ª ±×°Í¿¡ ²ø·Á°¡´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ °æ¿ìµµ ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù.

Whether this is a great or small degree of freedom in com¡©parison with the fantastic liberty we should like to have, it is the only freedom that really exists, and in it consists the only happiness attainable by man.

¿ì¸®°¡ ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î °¡Áö°í ½Í¾îÇϴ ȯ»óÀûÀÎ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© À̰ÍÀÌ Å« Á¤µµÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯À̵ç ÀûÀº ÀÚÀ¯À̵ç, ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°Í ¾È¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÇູÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

And more than that, this freedom is the sole means of accomplishing the divine work of the life of the world.

±×¸®°í °Å±â¿¡ ´õÇØ¼­, ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ »îÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ¿Ï¼öÇÒ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀÌ´Ù.

According to Christ's doctrine, the man who sees the significance of life in the domain in which it is not free, in the domain of effects, that is, of acts, has not the true life. According to the Christian doctrine, that man is living in the truth who has transported his life to the domain in which it is free-the domain of causes, that is, the knowl¡©edge and recognition, the profession and realization in life of revealed truth.

±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ »îÀÇ Á߿伺À» ±ú´Ý´Â »ç¶÷Àº, °á°úµé, Áï, ÇàÀ§µéÀÇ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ Áø½ÇÇÑ »îÀ» °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ¿µ¿ª-¿øÀεéÀÇ ¿µ¿ª, Áï, Áö½Ä°ú ÀνÄ, ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®ÀÇ °í¹é°ú »î¿¡ ½ÇÇö-À¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¿Å°Ü°£ ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ Áø¸® ¾È¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Devoting his life to works of the flesh, a man busies him¡©self with actions depending on temporary causes outside himself. He himself does nothing really, he merely seems to be doing something. In reality all the acts which seem to be his are the work of a higher power, and he is not the creator of his own life, but the slave of it. Devoting his life to the recognition and fulfillment of the truth revealed to him, he identifies himself with the source of universal life and accomplishes acts not personal, and dependent on con¡©ditions of space and time, but acts unconditioned by pre¡©vious causes, acts which constitute the causes of everything else, and have an infinite, unlimited significance.

À°½ÅÀÇ ¾÷Àûµé¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» Çå½ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿ÜºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼¼¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿øÀε鿡 ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§µé·Î ºÐÁÖÇÏ´Ù. ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ±×ÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§µéÀº ´õ¿í ³ôÀº ±Ç´ÉÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷À̸ç, ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×°ÍÀÇ ³ë¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. Àڽſ¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ¼ºÃë¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» Çå½ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ±×´Â º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ±Ù¿ø°ú ÀÚ½ÅÀ» µ¿ÀϽÃÇÏ¸ç °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °ø°£°ú ½Ã°£ÀÇ Á¶°Çµé¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¿øÀε鿡 Á¦¾à ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇàÀ§µé, ¸ðµç »ç¹°ÀÇ ¿øÀεéÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ¸ç ¹«ÇÑÇÏ¸ç ¹«Á¦ÇÑÀÇ Á߿伺À» °¡Áö´Â ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇÑ´Ù.

"The kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the vio¡©lent take it by force." (Matt. xi. 12.)

¡°Ãµ±¹Àº ħ³ë¸¦ ´çÇϳª´Ï ħ³ëÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â »©¾Ñ´À´Ï¶ó.¡± (¸¶Åº¹À½ 11Àå 12Àý)

It is this violent effort to rise above external conditions to the recognition and realization of truth by which the kingdom of heaven is taken, and it is this effort of violence which must and can be made in our times.

¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óŵéÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ¿© õ±¹ÀÌ ±¸ÇØÁö´Â Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ½ÇÇöÀ¸·Î ¿À¸£·Á´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ·± °Ý·ÄÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×¸®°í °¡´ÉÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ·± °Ý·ÄÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀÌ´Ù.

Men need only understand this, they need only cease to trouble themselves about the general external conditions in which they are not free, and devote one-hundredth part of the energy they waste on those material things to that in which they are free, to the recognition and realization of the truth which is before them, and to the liberation of them¡©selves and others from deception and hypocrisy, and, with¡©out effort or conflict, there would be an end at once of the false organization of life which makes men miserable, and threatens them with worse calamities in the future. And then the kingdom of God would be realized, or at least that first stage of it for which men are ready now by the degree of development of their conscience.

»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ À̰ÍÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ¸¸é µÉ »ÓÀÌ´Ù, ±×µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀϹÝÀû ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »óŵ鿡 ´ëÇØ ¿°·ÁÇÔÀ» ÁßÁöÇÏ¸é µÉ »ÓÀ̰í, ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¿©±â´Â ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ °Íµé¿¡ ÇãºñÇÏ´Â ÈûÀÇ ¹éºÐÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ¶óµµ ±×µé ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áø¸®ÀÇ Àνİú ½ÇÇö¿¡, ±×¸®°í Àڽŵé°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±â¸¸°ú À§¼±À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇØ¹æÇÔ¿¡ ½ñÀ¸¸é µÉ »ÓÀ̸ç, ³ë·ÂÀ̳ª °¥µîÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ´çÀå¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í, ±×µéÀ» ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´õ¿í ¾ÇÇÑ Àç¾Óµé·Î À§ÇùÇÏ´Â °ÅÁþµÈ »îÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿¡ Á¾ÁöºÎ¸¦ ÂïÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¸®Çϸé Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿Õ±¹Àº ½ÇÇöµÉ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¾Æ´Ï Àû¾îµµ ±×µéÀÇ ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¹ßÀü Á¤µµ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Áö±Ý ÁغñµÈ ±× ù ´Ü°è¶óµµ ½ÇÇöµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Just as a single shock may be sufficient, when a liquid is saturated with some salt, to precipitate it at once in crystals, a slight effort may be perhaps all that is needed now that the truth already revealed to men may gain a mastery over hundreds, thousands, millions of men, that a public opinion consistent with conscience may be established, and through this change of public opinion the whole order of life may be transformed. And it depends upon us to make this effort.

¾×ü°¡ ¾à°£ÀÇ ¼Ò±ÝÀ¸·Î Æ÷È­ µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ Ãæ°ÝÀÌ ´çÀå¿¡ °áÁ¤µé·Î ¸¸µé¾î ¹ö¸®µíÀÌ, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¾à°£ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ¹Ì »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø Áø¸®°¡ ¼ö¹é, ¼öõ, ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÚ¸® Àâ°í, ¾ç½É°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ¿©·ÐÀÌ È®¸³µÇ°í, ÀÌ·± ¿©·ÐÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼­ »îÀÇ Àüü Áú¼­°¡ º¯ÇüµÉ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù.

Let each of us only try to understand and accept the Christian truth which in the most varied forms surrounds us on all sides and forces itself upon us; let us only cease from lying and pretending that we do not see this truth or wish to realize it, at least in what it demands from us above all else; only let us accept and boldly profess the truth to which we are called, and we should find at once that hun¡©dreds, thousands, millions of men are in the same position as we, that they see the truth as we do, and dread as we do to stand alone in recognizing it, and like us are only wait¡©ing for others to recognize it also.

¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸® °¢ÀÚ°¡ °¡Àå ´Ù¾çÇÑ Çüŵé·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ç¹æÀ» µÑ·¯ ½Î°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °­¿äÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ±ú´Ý°í ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ½Ãµµ¸¦ ÇØº¸ÀÚ; ¿ì¸° ¿ÀÁ÷ °ÅÁþÀ» Áß´ÜÇÏ°í ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ·± Áø¸®¸¦ º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ôÇÏÁö ¸»µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ, Àû¾îµµ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Áø¸®°¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡¼­ ¸¸À̶óµµ; ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ ºÎ¸§¹ÞÀº Áø¸®¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÌ°í ´ë´ãÇÏ°Ô °í¹éÀÌ¶óµµ ÇÏÀÚ, ±×·¯¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ´çÀå¿¡ ¼ö¹é, ¼öõ, ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿Í ¶È °°Àº ÀÔÀå¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®Ã³·³ Áø¸®¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϸç, ±×°ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ À־ È¥ÀÚ ¼­¼­ ¿ì¸®Ã³·³ µÎ·Á¿ö Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í, ¿ì¸®µéó·³ ¿ÀÁ÷ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¶ÇÇÑ ÀνÄÇϱ⸦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Only let men cease to be hypocrites, and they would at once see that this cruel social organization, which holds them in bondage, and is represented to them as something stable, necessary, and ordained of God, is already tottering and is only propped up by the falsehood of hypocrisy, with which we, and others like us, support it.

¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À§¼±ÀÚµéÀ̱⸦ ÁßÁöÇØ º¸ÀÚ, ±×·¯¸é ±×µéÀº ´çÀå ÀÌ·± ÀÜÀÎÇÑ »çȸ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ, ±×µéÀ» ±¼·¹¿¡ ¹­¾îµÎ¸ç, ¾î¶² ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ̸ç, ÇÊ¿äÇϰí Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¸í·ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô Á¦½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ¹Ì Âõ¾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿ÀÁ÷ À§¼±À̶ó´Â °ÅÁþ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÁöÅʵǰí ÀÖÀ½À» ±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̰í, ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ ¿ì¸®¿Í, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ±×°ÍÀ» ÁöÁöÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

But if this is so, if it is true that it depends on us to break down the existing organization of life, have we the right to destroy it, without knowing clearly what we shall set up in its place? What will become of human society when the existing order of things is at an end?

±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ À̰ÍÀÌ ±×·¸´Ù¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ »îÀÇ ±âÁ¸ Á¶Á÷À» ¹«³Ê¶ß¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Áø½ÇÀ̶ó¸é, ±×°Í ´ë½Å¿¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¼¼¿ï °ÍÀÎÁö ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¸ð¸£¸é¼­, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡ Àִ°¡? ±âÁ¸ ¼¼»ó Áú¼­°¡ Á¾¸»À» °íÇÑ´Ù¸é Àηù »çȸ´Â ¾î¶»°Ô µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡?

"What shall we find the other side of the walls of the world we are abandoning?

¡°¿ì¸®°¡ Æ÷±âÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ Àú ÂÊ ´ã ³Ê¸Ó¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?¡±

"Fear will come upon us-a void, a vast emptiness, free¡©dom-how are we to go forward not knowing whither, how face loss, not seeing hope of gain? ... If Columbus had reasoned thus he would never have weighed anchor. It was madness to set off upon the ocean, not knowing the route, on the ocean on which no one had sailed, to sail toward a land whose existence was doubtful. By this madness he discovered a new world. Doubtless if the peoples of the world could simply transfer themselves from one furnished mansion to another and better one-it would make it much easier; but unluckily there is no one to get humanity's new dwelling ready for it. The future is even worse than the ocean-there is nothing there-it will be what men and cir¡©cumstances make it.

¡°µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¾ö½ÀÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù-°øÇãÇÔ, ÅÖ ºñ¾î ÀÖÀ½, ÀÚÀ¯-¾îµð·Î °¡´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£°í¼­ ¿ì¸° ¾î¶»°Ô ÀüÁøÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, »ó±Þ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Èñ¸ÁÀ» º¸Áö ¸øÇϸ鼭 ¾î¶»°Ô »ó½ÇÀ» ¸ÂÀÌÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?¡¦ ¸¸ÀÏ ÄÝ·³¹ö½º°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Ãß·ÐÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é ±×´Â °áÄÚ ÃâÇ×ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ç׷θ¦ ¸ð¸¥ ä ´ë¾çÀ¸·Î, ¾Æ¹«µµ Ç×ÇØÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °÷À¸·Î, Ãâ¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº, ±× Á¸Àç°¡ Àǽɽº·¯¿î ¼¼°è¸¦ ÇâÇØ¼­ Ç×ÇØÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹ÌÄ£ ÁþÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·± ±¤±â·Î¼­ ±×´Â »õ·Î¿î ¼¼»óÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ ¸¸ÀÏ ¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ °¡±¸°¡ °®Ãß¾îÁø ÇÑ ÀúÅÿ¡¼­ ´õ ³ªÀº ´Ù¸¥ °÷À¸·Î ¿Å±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é-±×°ÍÀº ÈξÀ ½¬¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ºÒÇàÇϰԵµ Àηù¸¦ À§Çؼ­ »õ·Î¿î ÁְŸ¦ ¿¹ºñÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø´Ù. ¹Ì·¡´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ´ë¾çº¸´Ù ´õ ¿­¾ÇÇÏ´Ù-±×°÷¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Ù-±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µé°ú »óȲÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ̸®¶ó.

"If you are content with the old world, try to preserve it, it is very sick and cannot hold out much longer. But if you cannot bear to live in everlasting dissonance between your beliefs and your life, thinking one thing and doing another, get out of the mediaeval whited sepulchers, and face your fears. I know very well it is not easy.

¡°¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±¸ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çϰí, ±×°ÍÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª º´µé¾î¼­ ´õ ÀÌ»ó Áö¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ, À̰ÍÀ» »ý°¢Çϰí´Â Àú°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏ´Â, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½°ú »î »çÀÌÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ºÒÀÏÄ¡ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ °¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, Áß¼¼ ½Ã´ëÀÇ È¸ Ä¥ÇÑ ¹«´ý¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À¶ó, ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ µÎ·Á¿òµéÀ» Á÷¸éÇ϶ó. ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ½±Áö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³Ê¹« Àß ¾È´Ù.

"It is not a little thing to cut one's self off from all to which a man has been accustomed from his birth, with which he has grown up to maturity. Men are ready for tremendous sacrifices but not for those which life demands of them. Are they ready to sacrifice modern civilization, their manner of life, their religion, the received conventional morality?

¡°»ç¶÷ÀÌ ÅÂ¾î ³ª¼­ºÎÅÍ ÀûÀÀÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×·¸°Ô Àڶ󳪼­ ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÈ ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Â÷´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °áÄÚ ÀÛÀº ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾öû³­ Èñ»ýµé¿¡ ÁغñµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸, »îÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °Íµé¿¡´Â ÁغñµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÇöÀç ¹®¸í, ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ¾ç½Ä, ±×µéÀÇ Á¾±³, ÀϹÝÈ­µÈ °ü½ÀÀûÀÎ µµ´öÀ» Èñ»ýÇÒ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î Àִ°¡?

"Are we ready to give up all the results we have attained with such effort, results of which we have been boasting for three centuries; to give up every convenience and charm of our existence, to prefer savage youth to the senile decay of civilization, to pull down the palace raised for us by our ancestors only for the pleasure of having a hand in the founding of a new house, which will doubtless be built long after we are gone?" (Herzen, vol. v. p. 55.)

¡°¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î ¾òÀº ¸ðµç °á°úµéÀ», ¿ì¸®°¡ »ï ¼¼±â µ¿¾È ÀÚ¶ûÇØ ¿Ô´ø °á°úµéÀ» Æ÷±âÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡; ¿ì¸® Á¸ÀçÀÇ ¸ðµç Æí¸®ÇÔ°ú ¸Å·ÂÀ» Æ÷±âÇϰí, ³ë¼èÇÑ ¹®¸íÀÇ ¼èÅ𺸴٠¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ ÀþÀ½À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇϸç, ¿ÀÁ÷ »õ ÁýÀ» Áþ´Âµ¥ µ¿ÂüÇÏ´Â Áñ°Å¿òÀ» À§ÇØ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼±Á¶µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¼¼¿öÁø ±ÃÀüµéÀ» ¹«³Ê¶ß¸®°í, À̰ÍÀº Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡°í ³ª¼­ ¿À·¡µÇ¾î¼­¾ß °Ç¼³µÉ °ÍÀÓ¿¡µµ Æ÷±âÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? (Herzen, ¿À±Ç 55ÆäÀÌÁö)

Thus wrote almost half a century ago the Russian writer, who with prophetic insight saw clearly then, what even the most unreflecting man sees today, the impossibility, that is, of life continuing on its old basis, and the necessity of establishing new forms of life.

ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¹Ý¼¼±â Àü¿¡ ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ÀÛ°¡°¡, ±× ´ç½Ã ¿¹¾ðÀûÀÎ ÅëÂû·Î¼­, ¿À´Ã³¯ ½ÉÁö¾î °¡Àå Áö°¢ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µµ ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ», Áï, °ú°ÅÀÇ ±â¹Ý À§¿¡¼­ »îÀ» °è¼ÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ ºÒ°¡´É¼º, ±×¸®°í »îÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÇüŵéÀ» È®¸³ÇÒ Çʿ伺À» ±â·ÏÇß´Ù.

It is clear now from the very simplest, most commonplace point of view, that it is madness to remain under the roof of a building which cannot support its weight, and that we must leave it. And indeed it is difficult to imagine a posi¡©tion more wretched than that of the Christian world to-day, with its nations armed against one another, with its con¡©stantly increasing taxation to maintain its armies, with the hatred of the working class for the rich ever growing more intense, with the Damocles sword of war forever hanging over the heads of all, ready every instant to fall, certain to fall sooner or later.

¹«°Ô¸¦ ÁöÅÊÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Ç¹°ÀÇ ÁöºØ ¾Æ·¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¹ÌÄ£ ÁþÀ̸ç, ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶°³ª¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌÁ¦ °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ, °¡Àå Æò¹üÇÑ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ ¼¼°èÀÇ Ã³Áöº¸´Ù ´õ¿í ºñÂüÇÑ °ÍÀ» »ó»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Á¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù, Áï, ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ¼­·Î¸¦ ´ëÀûÇϸç, ±×µéÀÇ ±º´ë¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼¼±Ý ºÎ´ãÀÌ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Áõ°¡Çϰí, ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±ÞÀÌ ´õ¾øÀÌ °Ý·ÄÇÏ°Ô ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Áõ¿ÀÇϸç, ´Ù¸ðŬ·¹½ºÀÇ Ä®ÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸® À§¿¡ Ç×»ó ¸Å´Þ·Á À־, ¸Å ¼ø°£¸¶´Ù ¶³¾îÁú °Í °°¾Æ¼­, Á¶¸¸°£ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö·Á´Â »óȲÀÌ´Ù.

Hardly could any revolution be more disastrous for the great mass of the population than the present order or rather disorder of our life, with its daily sacrifices to exhausting and unnatural toil, to poverty, drunkenness, and profligacy, with all the horrors of the war that is at hand, which will swallow up in one year more victims than all the revolutions of the century.

¾öû³­ ¼öÀÇ ¹ÎÁߵ鿡°Ô °ÅÀÇ ¾î¶² Çõ¸íµµ »îÀÇ ÇöÀç Áú¼­ ¶Ç´Â È¥¶õ º¸´Ùµµ ´õÇÑ Àç¾ÓÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »îÀº ±Øµµ·Î ÇǰïÇϰí ÀÜȤÇÑ ³ëµ¿, ºó°ï, ¼ú ÃëÇÔ, ±×¸®°í, ¹æÁ¾ÇÔ¿¡ Èñ»ýµÇ¸ç, ¸ñÀü¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸¥ ÀüÀïÀÇ ¸ðµç °øÆ÷µéÀÌ ¹é ³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¸ðµç Çõ¸íµéº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº Èñ»ýÀÚµéÀ» ÇÑ ÇØ ¾È¿¡ »ïÄѹö¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

What will become of humanity if each of us performs the duty God demands of us through the conscience implanted within us? Will not harm come if, being wholly in the power of a master, I carry out, in the workshop erected and directed by him, the orders he gives me, strange though they may seem to me who do not know the Master's final aims?

¿ì¸® °¢ÀÚ°¡ ¿ì¸® ¾È¿¡ ½É¾îÁø ¾ç½ÉÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â Àǹ«¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é Àηù´Â ¾î¶»°Ô µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡? ¸¸ÀÏ, ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ±Ç´É ¾È¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­, ³»°¡, ±×ºÐÀÌ ¼¼¿ì°í ÁöÈÖÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷Àå¿¡¼­, ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûµéÀ» ¸ð¸£´Â ³ª¿¡°Ô ºñ·Ï ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÏÁö¶óµµ, ±×°¡ ³»°Ô ÁÖ´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÇØ·Î¿òÀÌ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î?

But it is not even this question "What will happen?" that agitates men when they hesitate to fulfill the Master's will. They are troubled by the question how to live with¡©out those habitual conditions of life which we call civiliza¡©tion, culture, art, and science. We feel ourselves all the burdensomeness of life as it is; we see also that this organi¡©zation of life must inevitably be our ruin, if it continues. At the same time we want the conditions of our life which arise out of this organization-our civilization, culture, art, and science-to remain intact. It is as though a man, liv¡©ing in an old house and suffering from cold and all sorts of inconvenience in it, knowing, too, that it is on the point of falling to pieces, should consent to its being rebuilt, but only on the condition that he should not be required to leave it: a condition which is equivalent to refusing to have it rebuilt at all.

»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÁÖ´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇϱ⸦ ÁÖÀúÇÒ ¶§ »ç¶÷µéÀ» µ¿¿äÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¡°¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀϾ±î?¡± ÇÏ´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌ·± Áú¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹®¸í, ¹®È­, ¿¹¼ú, ±×¸®°í °úÇÐÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ±×·± »îÀÇ ½À°üÀûÀÎ Á¶°ÇµéÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ì °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ®À¸·Î ¿°·ÁÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â »îÀÇ ¸ðµç ÁüµéÀ» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î ´À³¤´Ù; ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·± »îÀÇ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ °è¼Ó µÈ´Ù¸é Çʽà ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ê¸ÁÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ·± Á¶Á÷-¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®¸í, ¹®È­, ¿¹¼ú, ±×¸®°í °úÇÐ-À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ »óŵéÀÌ ¼Õ´ëÁö ¾ÊÀº Áö¼ÓµÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ, ³°Àº Áý¿¡ »ì¸é¼­, ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¨±â¿Í ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ºÒÆíÇÔÀ» °ÞÀ¸¸é¼­µµ, ¶ÇÇÑ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«³ÊÁ®¼­ ¹Ú»ì ³¯ Áö°æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸é¼­, ±×°ÍÀÌ Àç°ÇÃàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö¸¸, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°÷À» ¶°³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â Á¶°ÇÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº ±× ÁýÀ» Àç°ÇÃàÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ÇÊÀûÇÏ´Â Á¶°Ç°ú °°´Ù.

"But what if I leave the house and give up every con¡©venience for a time, and the new house is not built, or is built on a different plan so that I do not find in it the com¡©forts to which I am accustomed?" But seeing that the materials and the builders are here, there is every likelihood that the new house will on the contrary be better built than the old one. And at the same time, there is not only the likelihood but the certainty that the old house will fall down and crush those who remain within it. Whether the old habitual conditions of life are supported, or whether they are abolished and altogether new and better conditions arise; in any case, there is no doubt we shall be forced to leave the old forms of life which have become impossible and fatal, and must go forward to meet the future. "Civilization, art, science, culture, will disappear!" Yes, but all these we know are only various manifesta¡©tions of truth, and the change that is before us is only to be made for the sake of a closer attainment and realization of truth. How then can the manifestations of truth disap¡©pear through our realizing it? These manifestations will be different, higher, better, but they will not cease to be. Only what is false in them will be destroyed; all the truth there was in them will only be stronger and more flour¡©ishing.

¡°±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ ´çºÐ°£ ÁýÀ» ¶°³ª°í ¸ðµç Æí¸®µé Æ÷±âÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, »õ·Î¿î ÁýÀÌ Áö¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª, ³»°¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏ´ø ¾È¶ôÇÔÀ» ãÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »óÀÌÇÑ °èȹ À§¿¡ Áö¾î Áø´Ù¸é ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?¡± ±×·¯³ª Àç·á¿Í °ÇÃà°¡°¡ ¿©±â ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º»´Ù¸é, »õ·Î¿î ÁýÀº ±×¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î ³°Àº Áýº¸´Ù ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô Áö¾î Áú °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¸ðµç °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í µ¿½Ã¿¡, °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³°Àº ÁýÀÌ ¹«³ÊÁú °ÍÀÌ°í ±× ¾È¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸£°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé À§¿¡ ÁÖÀú ¾ÉÀ» È®½Ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °ú°ÅÀÇ ½À°üÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ »óŵéÀÌ À¯ÁöµÇµç, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ÆóÁöµÇ°í ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î »õ·Ó°í ÈǸ¢ÇÑ »óŵéÀÌ ÀϾµç; ¾î¶² °æ¿ìµç, ¿ì¸®´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç Ä¡¸íÀûÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö¸° °ú°ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ ÇüŵéÀ» ¹ö·Á¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´ëóÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ °¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¡° ¹®¸í, ¿¹¼ú, °úÇÐ, ¹®È­´Â »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù!¡± ±×·¸´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Ç¥ÇöµéÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â º¯È­´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ Áø¸®¸¦ ´õ¿í °¡±îÀÌ ´Þ¼ºÇÏ°í ½ÇÇöÇϰíÀÚ ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¾î¶»°Ô Áø¸®ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ±ú´ÞÀ½À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ »ç¶óÁú ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ÀÌ·± Ç¥ÇöµéÀº ´Þ¶óÁú °ÍÀ̸ç, ´õ ³ôÀÌ, ´õ ÈǸ¢ÇÒ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ÁßÁöµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°Íµé ¾È¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÅÁþ¸¸ÀÌ ÆÄ±«µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×°Íµé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç Áø¸®µéÀº ´õ¿í °­ÇØÁö°í ¹ø¼ºÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Take thought, oh, men, and have faith in the Gospel, in whose teaching is your happiness. If you do not take thought, you will perish just as the men perished, slain by Pilate, or crushed by the tower of Siloam; as millions of men have perished, slayers and slain, executing and exe¡©cuted, torturers and tortured alike, and as the man foolishly perished, who filled his granaries full and made ready for a long life and died the very night that he planned to begin his life. Take thought and have faith in the Gospel, Christ said eighteen hundred years ago, and he says it with even greater force now that the calamities foretold by him have come to pass, and the senselessness of our life has reached the furthest point of suffering and madness.

¿À »ç¶÷µéÀÌ¿©, »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó, ±×¸®°í º¹À½¿¡ ¹ÏÀ½À» °¡Áö¶ó, ±× °¡¸£Ä§ ¾È¿¡ ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ÇູÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ºô¶óµµ¿¡°Ô »ìÇØ ´çÇϰí, ½Ç·Î¾ÏÀÇ Å¾¿¡ ±ò¸° °Íó·³ ¼Ò¸êµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼Ò¸êµÇ¾úµíÀÌ, »ìÀÎÀÚµé°ú »ìÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÀÚµé, óÇüÇÏ´Â ÀÚµé°ú óÇü´çÇÏ´Â ÀÚµé, °í¹®ÇÏ´Â ÀÚµé°ú °í¹®ÀÚµé ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¼Ò¸êµÇ¾úµíÀÌ, ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾î¸®¼®°Ô »ç¶óÁ³µíÀÌ, ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °î½Äâ°í¸¦ °¡µæ ä¿ì°í Àå¼öÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù°¡ ±×ÀÇ »îÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ·Á °èȹÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ±×³¯ ¹ã¿¡ Á×Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø°¡. »ý°¢À» Ç϶ó ±×¸®°í º¹À½¿¡ ¹ÏÀ½À» °¡Áö¶ó, ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â 1800 ³â Àü¿¡ ¸»ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ½ÉÁö¾î ´õ Å« ÈûÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×°¡ ¿¹¾ðÇÏ¿´´ø Àç¾ÓµéÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ°í, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀÌ °íÅë°ú ±¤±âÀÇ ±ØÇÑ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

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