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Gospel In Brief


by Leo Tolstoy

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A SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTERS

°¢ ÀåµéÀÇ ¿ä¾à

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II
Which Art In Heaven

II
Çϴÿ¡ °è½Å

THE Jews who considered themselves Orthodox worshipped an external God, whom they regarded as creator and ruler of the universe. According to their teaching this external God had made an agreement with them by which He had promised to help them if they would worship Him. A chief condition of this alliance was the keeping of Saturday, the Sabbath.

ÀڽŵéÀ» Á¤ÅëÆÄ¶ó°í ¿©±â´Â À¯ÅÂÀεéÀº ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ Çϳª´ÔÀ¸·Î, ¿ìÁÖÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÀÚÀ̸ç ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¶ó°í ¿©°å´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é ÀÌ ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ Çϳª´ÔÀº ±×µé°ú °è¾àÀ» ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, À̷μ­ ±×µéÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀ» µ½°Ú´Ù°í ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¿¸ÍÀÇ ÁÖµÈ Á¶°ÇÀº Åä¿äÀÏ, Áï ¾È½ÄÀÏÀ» ÁöŰ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.

But Jesus said: The Sabbath is a human institution. That man should live in the spirit is more than all external ceremonies. Like all external forms of religion the keeping of the Sabbath involves a delusion. You are forbidden to do anything on the Sabbath, but good actions should always be done and if keeping the Sabbath hinders the doing of a good action then the keeping of the Sabbath is an error.

±×·¯³ª ¿¹¼ö´Â ¸»Çß´Ù: ¾È½ÄÀÏÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¦µµÀÌ´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ¿µÀ¸·Î »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ¿¹½Äº¸´Ù ´õ¿í Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. Á¾±³ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ Çüŵéó·³ ¾È½ÄÀÏÀ» ÁöÅ´Àº ÇϳªÀÇ ¸Á»óÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅµéÀº ¾È½ÄÀÏ¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀ̵ç ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÝÁöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼±ÇàÀº ÇàÇØÁ®¾ß Çϸç, ¾È½ÄÀÏÀ» ÁöŰ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼±ÇÑ ÇൿÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù¸é ¾È½ÄÀÏÀ» ÁöŰ´Â °ÍÀº Á˾ÇÀÌ´Ù.

According to the Orthodox Jews another condition of the agreement with God was avoidance of intercourse with unbelievers.

Á¤ÅëÆÄ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ µû¸£¸é Çϳª´Ô°úÀÇ ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀº ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÚµé°úÀÇ ±³Á¦¸¦ ÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Of this Jesus said that God desires not sacrifice to Himself, but that men should love one another.

¿¹¼ö´Â ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©, Çϳª´ÔÀº Àڽſ¡°Ô Èñ»ýÀ» ¹Ù¶óÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¼­·Î¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

Yet another condition of the agreement related to rules for washing and purifying, as to which Jesus said that what God demands is not external cleanliness, but pity and love towards man. He also said that external rules are harmful, and that the church tradition is itself an evil. Their church tradition set aside the most important things, such as love for one's mother and father-and justified this by its traditional railings.

ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀº ¾ÄÀ½°ú Á¤È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢À¸·Î¼­, ¿¹¼ö´Â ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇϽô °ÍÀº ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ±ú²ýÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬¹Î°ú »ç¶ûÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¿¹¼ö´Â ¶ÇÇÑ, ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ±ÔÄ¢Àº ÇØ·Ó´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀüÅëÀº ±× ÀÚü°¡ ¾ÇÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀüÅëÀº °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í ¾Æ¹öÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û-±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀ» ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Áöħµé·Î¼­ Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Of all the external regulations of the old law defining the cases in which a man was considered to have defiled himself, Jesus said: Know all of you, that nothing from outside can defile a man, only what he thinks and does can defile him.

»ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ´õ·´Èù´Ù°í ¿©±è ¹Þ´Â °æ¿ìµéÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â ¿¾ À²¹ýÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ±ÔÁ¤µé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¼­, ¿¹¼ö´Â ¸»Çß´Ù: ´ç½Å ¸ðµÎ´Â ¾Ë¶ó, ¹Û¿¡¼­ µé¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷À» ´õ·´°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°¡ »ý°¢ÇÏ¿© ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¸¦ ´õ·´°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

After this Jesus went to Jerusalem, the city considered holy, and entered into the temple where the Orthodox considered that God Himself dwelt, and there he said that it was useless to offer God sacrifices, that man is more important than a temple, and that our only duty is to love our neighbor and help him.

ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ µÚ¿¡ ¿¹¼ö´Â ¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ °¬´Ù, ±× µµ½Ã´Â ¼º½º·´´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁö´Â °÷À̾úÀ¸¸ç, Á¤ÅëÆÄ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °ÅÇÑ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â ¼ºÀüÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¬´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇßÀ¸´Ï, Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô Á¦¹°À» ¹ÙÄ¡´Â °ÍÀº ¼Ò¿ë¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼ºÀüº¸´Ù ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Àǹ«´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀ» »ç¶ûÇϰí ÀÌ¿ôÀ» µ½´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Furthermore Jesus taught that it is not necessary to worship God in any particular place, but to serve the Father in spirit and in deed. The spirit cannot be seen or shown. The spirit is man's consciousness of his sonship to the Infinite Spirit. No temple is necessary. The true temple is the society of men united in love. He said that all external worship of God is not only false and injurious when it conduces to wrong-doing-like the Jew's worship which prescribed killing as a punishment-and allowed the neglect of parents-but also because a man performing external rites accounts himself righteous and free from the need of doing what love demands. He said that only he seeks what is good and does good deeds, who feels his own imperfections. To do good deeds a man must be conscious of his own faults, but external worship leads to a false self-satisfaction. All external worship is unnecessary, and should be thrown aside. Deeds of love are incompatible with ceremonial performances, and good cannot be done in that way. Man is a spiritual son of God and should therefore serve the Father in spirit.

´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­ ¿¹¼ö´Â ¾î´À ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ Çϳª´Ô²² ¿¹¹èµå¸± Çʿ䰡 ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¿µ°ú ÇàÀ§·Î¼­ Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¼¶±æ °ÍÀ̶ó°í Çß´Ù. ¿µÀº º¸À̰ųª º¸¿©Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±× ¿µÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ¿µ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ÆµéÀÓÀÇ ÀǽÄÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«·± ¼ºÀüµµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¼ºÀüÀº »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »çȸÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ¼þ¹è´Â, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾ÇÇàÀ¸·Î-»ìÀÎÀ» ó¹ú·Î ó¹æÇÏ´Â À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ ¼þ¹è-±×¸®°í ºÎ¸ð¸¦ ¼ÒȦÈ÷ÇÔÀ» Çã¶ôÇÔ-À̾îÁú ¶§´Â °ÅÁþÀ̸ç ÇØ·Î¿ï »Ó¸¸¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ÀǽĵéÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ÀǷοì¸ç »ç¶ûÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» ÇàÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸éÁ¦µÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©±â±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÔÀ» ´À³¢´Â »ç¶÷¸¸ÀÌ ¼±ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ãÀ¸¸ç ¼±ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µéÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¼±ÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÇϱâÀ§Çؼ­ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À߸øÀ» ÀǽÄÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ¼þ¹è´Â °ÅÁþµÈ Àڱ⸸Á·¿¡ ºüÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ¼þ¹è´Â ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸ç ¹ö·ÁÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¶ûÀ» ÇàÇÔÀº ÀÇ·ÊÀûÀÎ ¾÷Àû°ú ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¼±Àº ±×·¯ÇÑ ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇàÇØÁú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀûÀÎ ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿µÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ¼¶°Ü¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

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Ȩ ] À§·Î ] I. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé ] [ II. Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¼¶±è ] III. »îÀÇ ±Ù¿ø ] IV. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó ] V. Áø¸®ÀÇ »î ] VI. °ÅÁþµÈ »î ] VII. ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ÇÑ ¸ö ] VIII. »îÀº ÇöÀçÀÌ´Ù ] IX. ½ÃÇè ] X. ½ÃÇè°úÀÇ ½Î¿ò ] XI. °íº° °­¿¬ ] XII. ¿µÀÇ ½Â¸® ]


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