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A Confession

( °í¹é )


by Leo Tolstoy

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I understood this, but it made matters no better for me. I was now ready to accept any faith if only it did not demand of me a direct denial of reason-which would be a falsehood. And I studied Buddhism and Mohammedanism from books, and most of all I studied Christianity both from books and from the people around me.

³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô À־ ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ ÀüÇô ´õ ³´°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ±×°ÍÀÌ À̼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °ÅºÎ-±×°ÍÀº °ÅÁþÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù-¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¾î¶² ½Å¾ÓÀÌ¶óµµ ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÏ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¼­ÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÒ±³¿Í ȸ±³¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¼­ÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ ÁÖº¯ÀÇ »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Naturally I first of all turned to the orthodox of my circle, to people who were learned: to Church theologians, monks, to theologians of the newest shade, and even to Evangelicals who profess salvation by belief in the Redemption. And I seized on these believers and questioned them as to their beliefs and their understanding of the meaning of life.

´ç¿¬È÷, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¸ÕÀú ³ªÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¤±³È¸¿Í, ÇÐ½Ä ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ã¾Ò´Ù: ±³È¸ÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé, »õ·Î¿î »ö±òÀ» Áö´Ñ ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¼ÓÁËÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î ±¸¿øÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â º¹À½ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀ» ã¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ÀÌµé ½ÅÀÚµéÀ» ºÙµé°í¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½°ú ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ±ú´ÞÀ½À» ¹°¾ú´Ù.

But though I made all possible concessions, and avoided all disputes, I could not accept the faith of these people. I saw that what they gave out as their faith did not explain the meaning of life but obscured it, and that they themselves affirm their belief not to answer that question of life which brought me to faith, but for some other aims alien to me.

±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ¸ðµç °¡´ÉÇÑ ¾çº¸¸¦ ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¸ðµç ³íÀïÀ» ÇÇÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ³ª´Â ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×µéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î¼­ ±×µéÀÌ Á¦½ÃÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±×°ÍÀ» È帮°Ô ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À», ³ª¸¦ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î À̸£°Ô ÇÑ ±×·± ÀλýÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´äÇÏ·Á°í, ¼­¾àÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀû ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.

I remember the painful feeling of fear of being thrown back into my former state of despair, after the hope I often and often experienced in my intercourse with these people.

³ªÀÇ ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µé°úÀÇ ±³Á¦¿¡¼­ ÀÚÁÖ ÀÚÁÖ °æÇèÇÏ´Â Èñ¸Á µÚ¿¡µµ, ³ª´Â ÀÌÀüÀÇ Àý¸ÁÀÇ »óÅ·Π´Ù½Ã ´øÁ®Áú °Í °°Àº µÎ·Á¿òÀÇ °íÅ뽺·± ´À³¦À» ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù.

The more fully they explained to me their doctrines, the more clearly did I perceive their error and realized that my hope of finding in their belief an explanation of the meaning of life was vain.

±×µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ±³¸®µéÀ» ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ³ª´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ¿À·ù¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» ±×µéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡¼­ ãÀ¸·Á´Â Èñ¸ÁÀº Çê¼ö°íÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù.

It was not that in their doctrines they mixed many unnecessary and unreasonable things with the Christian truths that had always been near to me: that was not what repelled me. I was repelled by the fact that these people's lives were like my own, with only this difference -- that such a life did not correspond to the principles they expounded in their teachings. I clearly felt that they deceived themselves and that they, like myself found no other meaning in life than to live while life lasts, taking all one's hands can seize. I saw this because if they had had a meaning which destroyed the fear of loss, suffering, and death, they would not have feared these things. But they, these believers of our circle, just like myself, living in sufficiency and superfluity, tried to increase or preserve them, feared privations, suffering, and death, and just like myself and all of us unbelievers, lived to satisfy their desires, and lived just as badly, if not worse, than the unbelievers.

±×µéÀÇ ±³¸®¿¡ ±×µéÀÌ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸ç ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÑ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀ» ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ªÀÇ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¿Ô´ø ±âµ¶±³ Áø¸®¿Í ¼¯¾î¼­ ±×·± °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù: ³ª¸¦ ½Ç¸Á½ÃŲ °ÍÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ýȰÀÌ ³ª ÀڽŰú °°¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± Â÷À̸¸ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù-±×¿Í °°Àº »ýȰÀº ±×µéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¿ø¸®¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ´À²¼´Ù, Áï ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀ» ±â¸¸ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ÀλýÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â µ¿¾È »ì¾Æ°¡¸ç, ±×µéÀ» ¼ÕÀ¸·Î ºÙµé ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» °¡Áö¸é¼­µµ ³ªÃ³·³ Àλý¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ̸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ´À²¼´Ù. ³ª´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ó½Ç, °íÅë, ±×¸®°í Á×À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òÀ» ¾ø¾Ö´Â Àǹ̸¦ °¡Á³´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº, ¿ì¸®µé ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ÀÌ·± ½ÅÀÚµéÀº, ¹Ù·Î ³ªÃ³·³, ÃæÁ·ÇÔ°ú »çÄ¡·Î »ì¾Æ°¡¸é¼­, ±×·± °ÍµéÀ» ´Ã¸®°Å³ª º¸Á¸ÇÏ·Á ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, °áÇÌ, °íÅë ±×¸®°í Á×À½À» µÎ·Á¿ö ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¹Ù·Î ³ª ÀÚ½Åó·³ ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®µé ¸ðµÎ ºÒ½ÅÀÚµéó·³, ±×µéÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀ» ¸¸Á·½ÃŰ·Á°í »ì¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ´õ¿í ³ª»ÚÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ºÒ½ÅÀÚµé ¸¸Å­À̳ª ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô »ì¾Ò´Ù.

No arguments could convince me of the truth of their faith. Only deeds which showed that they saw a meaning in life making what was so dreadful to me -- poverty, sickness, and death -- not dreadful to them, could convince me. And such deeds I did not see among the various believers in our circle. On the contrary, I saw such deeds* done by people of our circle who were the most unbelieving, but never by our so- called believers.

¾î¶°ÇÑ ÁÖÀåµéµµ ±×µé ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Áø½ÇÀ» ³³µæÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ³»°Ô´Â ³Ê¹«³ª µÎ·Á¿î °Í-°¡³­, Áúº´, ±×¸®°í Á×À½-À» ±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â µÎ·Æ°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â Àλý¿¡¼­ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ±×µéÀº º¸¾Ò´Ù´Â Á¡À» º¸¿©ÁØ ÇàÀ§µéÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ³ª¸¦ ³³µæ ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µéÀº ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ¿©·¯ ½ÅÀÚµé Áß¿¡¼± º¼ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î, °¡Àå ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ ±×·± ÇàÀ§µéÀÌ ÇàÇØÁüÀ» º¸¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ ¼ÒÀ§ ½ÅÀڵ鿡°Ô¼­´Â °áÄÚ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.

And I understood that the belief of these people was not the faith I sought, and that their faith is not a real faith but an epicurean consolation in life.

±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½Àº ³»°¡ ã´ø ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀº ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àλý¿¡¼­ Äè¶ôÁÖÀÇ ÀûÀÎ À§¾ÈÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù.

I understood that that faith may perhaps serve, if not for a consolation, at least for some distraction for a repentant Solomon on his death-bed, but it cannot serve for the great majority of mankind, who are called on not to amuse themselves while consuming the labour of others but to create life.

±×·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ, À§¾ÈÀº ¾Æ´ÒÁö¶óµµ, ȸ°³ÇÏ´Â ¼Ö·Î¸óÀÇ ÀÓÁ¾ ½Ã¿¡ Àû¾îµµ ¾à°£ÀÇ ±âºÐÀüȯÀº µÇ°ÚÁö¸¸, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿À» ¼ÒºñÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ÀڽŵéÀº Áñ±â·Á ÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀλýÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³ª°¡µµ·Ï ºÒ·Á ¿Â ÀηùÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ¿¡°Õ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù.

For all humanity to be able to live, and continue to live attributing a meaning to life, they, those milliards, must have a different, a real, knowledge of faith. Indeed, it was not the fact that we, with Solomon and Schopenhauer, did not kill ourselves that convinced me of the existence of faith, but the fact that those milliards of people have lived and are living, and have borne Solomon and us on the current of their lives.

¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¸ðµç Àηù°¡ »ì ¼ö ÀÖ°í, Àλý¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©Çϸ鼭 »ì¾Æ°¡·Á¸é, ±×µé ¼ö½Ê¾ïÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã »óÀÌÇϸç, »ç½ÇÀûÀÎ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç, ³ª¿¡°Ô ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ³³µæÄÉ ÇÑ °ÍÀº, ¼Ö·Î¸ó°ú ¼îÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î °°Àº ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ ÀÚ»ìÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µé ¼ö½Ê¾ïÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¼Ö·Î¸ó°ú ¿ì¸®µéÀ» ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ È帧¿¡¼­ ÅÂ¾î ³ª°Ô ÇÑ »ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

And I began to draw near to the believers among the poor, simple, unlettered folk: pilgrims, monks, sectarians, and peasants. The faith of these common people was the same Christian faith as was professed by the pseudo-believers of our circle. Among them, too, I found a great deal of superstition mixed with the Christian truths; but the difference was that the superstitions of the believers of our circle were quite unnecessary to them and were not in conformity with their lives, being merely a kind of epicurean diversion; but the superstitions of the believers among the labouring masses conformed so with their lives that it was impossible to imagine them to oneself without those superstitions, which were a necessary condition of their life. The whole life of believers in our circle was a contradiction of their faith, but the whole life of the working-folk believers was a confirmation of the meaning of life which their faith gave them. And I began to look well into the life and faith of these people, and the more I considered it the more I became convinced that they have a real faith which is a necessity to them and alone gives their life a meaning and makes it possible for them to live. In contrast with what I had seen in our circle -- where life without faith is possible and where hardly one in a thousand acknowledges himself to be a believer -- among them there is hardly one unbeliever in a thousand. In contrast with what I had seen in our circle, where the whole of life is passed in idleness, amusement, and dissatisfaction, I saw that the whole life of these people was passed in heavy labour, and that they were content with life. In contradistinction to the way in which people of our circle oppose fate and complain of it on account of deprivations and sufferings, these people accepted illness and sorrow without any perplexity or opposition, and with a quiet and firm conviction that all is good. In contradistinction to us, who the wiser we are the less we understand the meaning of life, and see some evil irony in the fact that we suffer and die, these folk live and suffer, and they approach death and suffering with tranquillity and in most cases gladly. In contrast to the fact that a tranquil death, a death without horror and despair, is a very rare exception in our circle, a troubled, rebellious, and unhappy death is the rarest exception among the people. And such people, lacking all that for us and for Solomon is the only good of life and yet experiencing the greatest happiness, are a great multitude. I looked more widely around me. I considered the life of the enormous mass of the people in the past and the present. And of such people, understanding the meaning of life and able to live and to die, I saw not two or three, or tens, but hundreds, thousands, and millions. And they all-endlessly different in their manners, minds, education, and position, as they were-all alike, in complete contrast to my ignorance, knew the meaning of life and death, laboured quietly, endured deprivations and sufferings, and lived and died seeing therein not vanity but good.

±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â °¡³­Çϸç, ´Ü¼øÇϸç, ±ÛÀÚ¸¦ ¹è¿ìÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹ÎÁß¿¡°Ô ´Ù°¡°¡±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù: ¼ø·ÊÀÚµé, Áßµé, Á¾ÆÄµé, ±×¸®°í ³óºÎµé¿¡°Ô. ÀÌµé º¸Åë »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀº ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ »çÀ̺ñ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÌ °í¹éÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­µµ ¿ª½Ã, ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Áø¸®µé°ú È¥ÇÕµÈ ¸¹Àº ¹Ì½ÅµéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù; ±×·¯³ª Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÌ °¡Áø ¹Ì½ÅµéÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ªµµ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×µéÀÇ »ýȰ°úµµ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ´ÜÁö ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ Äè¶ôÁÖÀÇÀÇ º¯ÇüÀ̾ú´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â ¹ÎÁßµé »çÀÌÀÇ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÌ °¡Áø ¹Ì½ÅµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ »ýȰ°ú ³Ê¹« ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ¿©¼­ Àڽŵ鿡°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹Ì½ÅµéÀÌ ¾øÀ½Àº »ó»óÇϱⰡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹Ì½ÅµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀλýÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä Á¶°ÇÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ÀλýÀº ±×µé ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ¸ð¼øÀ̾ú´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â ¹ÎÁßÀÇ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ Àüü ÀλýÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁØ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®½ÅÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àλý°ú ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼¼½ÉÇÏ°Ô Á¶»çÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» ¼÷°íÇϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ±×µéÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Õ ÇʼöÀÎ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±× ½Å¾Ó¸¸ÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Àλý¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ÁÖ¸ç ±×µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ°¡´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁشٴ °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­ ³»°¡ º¸¾Ò´ø °Í°ú ´ëÁ¶ÇÏ¿©-¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­´Â ½Å¾ÓÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÀλýÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ¸ç °ÅÀÇ Ãµ¸í Áß¿¡ ÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ ½ÅÀÚÀÓÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥ ºñÇÏ¿©-±×µé Áß¿¡´Â °ÅÀÇ Ãµ¸í Áß¿¡ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ºÒ½ÅÀÚµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­ ³»°¡ º¸¾Ò´ø °Í°ú ´ëÁ¶ÇϰǴë, ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­´Â Àüü ÀλýÀÌ °ÔÀ¸¸§, Äè¶ô, ±×¸®°í ºÒ¸¸ »óÅ¿¡¼­ Èê·¯°¡´Âµ¥ ¹ÝÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àüü ÀλýÀº Á߳뵿À¸·Î Áö³»°Ô µÇ¸ç, ±×µéÀº Àλý¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çϰí ÀÖÀ½À» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±ÃÇ̰ú °íÅëÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¿î¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °ÅºÎÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» ºÒÆòÇÏ´Â ½À°ü°ú ´ëÁ¶ ±¸º°ÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº Áúº´°ú ½½ÇÄÀ» ¾Æ¹«·± ´çȤ°¨À̳ª °ÅºÎ ¾øÀÌ, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¼±ÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¶¿ëÇÏ°í °­ÇÑ È®½ÅÀ» °¡Áö°í ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδÙ. ¿ì¸®¿Í ´ëÁ¶ ±¸º°ÇÏ¿©, ¿ì¸®´Â ÁöÇý·Î¿ö Áú¼ö·Ï ´õ¿í´õ ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ´ú ±ú´ÞÀ¸¸ç, ¿ì¸®°¡ °íÅë ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç Á״´ٴ »ç½Ç¿¡¼­ ¾à°£ÀÇ ¾ÇÇÑ ¹Ý´ë°¨Á¤À» ´À³¢Áö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ÎÁßµéÀº »ì°í °íÅë ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº Á×À½°ú °íÅëÀ» ³ÃÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ±×¸®°í ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î ±â²¨ÀÌ Á¢±ÙÇÑ´Ù. Æò¿ÂÇÑ Á×À½, °øÇ¥¿Í Àý¸Á ¾ø´Â Á×À½ÀÌ ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­´Â ¸Å¿ì µå¹® ¿¹¿ÜÀÌÁö¸¸, °íÅ뽺·¯¿öÇϸç, ¿Ï°­È÷ °ÅºÎÇÏ¸ç ºÒÇàÇÑ Á×À½Àº ±× »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ¸Å¿ì µå¹® ¿¹¿ÜÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô³ª ¼Ö·Î¸ó¿¡°Ô¼­ ÀλýÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¸ðµç ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ °áÇ̵ǾúÀ¸¸é¼­µµ °¡Àå Å« ÇູÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â, ¾öû³­ ´Ù¼öÀÌ´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ÁÖÀ§¸¦ Á»´õ ³Ð°Ô ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â °ú°Å¿Í ÇöÀçÀÇ ¾öû³ª°Ô ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀ» °í·ÁÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé, ÀλýÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ±ú´Ý´Â ±×¸®°í »ì ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Á×À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ª´Â µÎ ¸í ¶Ç´Â ¼¼ ¸í ¶Ç´Â ¿­ ¸íÀ» º» °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼ö ¹é, ¼ö õ, ¼ö¹é ¸¸À» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µé ¸ðµÎ-±×µéÀÇ Åµµµé, ¸¶À½µé, ±³À°, ±×¸®°í ÁöÀ§¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ³¡¾øÀÌ ´Ù¸£¸é¼­µµ-¸ðµÎ ºñ½ÁÇϰÔ, Àλý°ú Á×À½ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¾Ë¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ÀÏÇϸç, ±ÃÇ̰ú °íÅëÀ» °ßµð¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ±×°÷¿¡¼­ Ç㹫ÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À¯ÀÍÇÔÀ» º¸¸é¼­ »ì¾Ò°í Á×¾ú´Ù.

And I learnt to love these people. The more I came to know their life, the life of those who are living and of others who are dead of whom I read and heard, the more I loved them and the easier it became for me to live. So I went on for about two years, and a change took place in me which had long been preparing and the promise of which had always been in me. It came about that the life of our circle, the rich and learned, not merely became distasteful to me, but lost all meaning in my eyes. All our actions, discussions, science and art, presented itself to me in a new light. I understood that it is all merely self-indulgence, and that to find a meaning in it is impossible; while the life of the whole labouring people, the whole of mankind who produce life, appeared to me in its true significance. I understood that that is life itself, and that the meaning given to that life is true: and I accepted it.

±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³»°¡ ±×µéÀÇ Àλý, »ì¾Æ °¡°í ÀÖ´Â ±×µéÀÇ Àλý ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ÀÐ°í µéÀº »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡¼­ Á×Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀλýÀ» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾Ë°Ô µÉ¼ö·Ï, ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ±×µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ³»°¡ »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ¿í ½±°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â ¾à À̳⠵¿¾ÈÀ» À̾´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿À·§µ¿¾È ÁغñÇϰí ÀÖ´ø º¯È­°¡ ³ªÀÇ ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ³ª ¾È¿¡¼­ Ç×»ó ÀÖ¾î ¿Ô´ø ¾à¼ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ÀλýÀº, ºÎÀ¯Çϰí ÇÐ½Ä ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº, ½ÈÁõÀÌ ³µÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ªÀÇ ´«¿¡´Â ¸ðµç Àǹ̸¦ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®´Â ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇàÀ§µé, Åä·Ðµé, °úÇÐ ±×¸®°í ¿¹¼úÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô »õ·Î¿î ºûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ Å͹«´Ï ¾ø´Â Àڱ⵵ÃëÀ̸ç, ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ Àǹ̸¦ ã´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Àüü ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀλýÀº, ÀλýÀ» »ý»êÇÏ´Â Àüü Àηù´Â, ³ª¿¡°Ô ±× ÀÚüÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Àǹ̷Π³ªÅ¸³µÀ½À» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ Àλý ÀÚüÀÌ¸ç ±×·¯ÇÑ Àλý¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø Àǹ̴ Áø¸®ÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù: ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µé¿´´Ù.

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