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Religion
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Frazer, Sir James George
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Frazer,
Sir James George (b. Jan. 1, 1854, Glasgow,
Scot.--d. May 7, 1941, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Eng.), British
anthropologist, folklorist, and classical scholar, best remembered as the
author of The
Golden Bough. |
Sir James George Frazer. 1854. 1. 1 ±Û·¡½º°í~1941. 5. 7
À×±Û·£µå ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö¼Å. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÀηùÇÐÀÚ¡¤¹Î¼ÓÇÐÀÚ¡¤°íÀüÇÐÀÚ.
±×ÀÇ Àú¼ ¡´È²±Ý °¡Áö The Golden Bough : a Study in Magic and
Religion¡µ°¡ À¯¸íÇÏ´Ù. |
| From an academy in
Helensburgh, Dumbarton, Frazer went to Glasgow University (1869), entered
Trinity College, Cambridge (1874), and became a fellow (1879). In 1907 he
was appointed professor of social anthropology at Liverpool, but he returned
to Cambridge after one session, remaining there for the rest of his life. |
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±Û·¡½º°í´ëÇб³¿¡ ÀÔÇÐÇßÀ¸¸ç, 1874³â ÄÉÀӺ긮Áö´ëÇб³
Æ®¸®´ÏƼ Ä®¸®ÁöÀÇ Æ¯º°¿¬±¸¿øÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1907³â
¸®¹öÇ®´ëÇб³ÀÇ »çȸÀηùÇб³¼ö·Î ÀÓ¸íµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, 1Çбâ
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´ëÇп¡ ¸ö´ã¾Ò´Ù. |
| His outstanding position among
anthropologists was established by the publication in 1890 of The
Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (enlarged to 12 vol.,
1911-15; abridged edition in 1 vol., 1922; supplementary vol. Aftermath,
1936). The underlying theme of the work is Frazer's theory of a general
development of modes of thought from the magical to the religious and,
finally, to the scientific. His distinction between magic and religion
(magic as an attempt to control events by technical acts based upon faulty
reasoning, religion as an appeal for help to spiritual beings) has been
basically assumed in much anthropological writing since his time. Although
the evolutionary sequence of magical, religious, and scientific thought is
no longer accepted and Frazer's broad general psychological theory has
proved unsatisfactory, his work enabled him to synthesize and compare a
wider range of information about religious and magical practices than has
been achieved subsequently by any other single anthropologist. |
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ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. |
| The
Golden Bough directed attention to the
combination of priestly with kingly office in the "divine
kingships" widely reported from Africa and elsewhere. According
to Frazer, the institution of divine kingship derived from the belief that
the well-being of the social and natural orders depended upon the vitality
of the king, who must therefore be slain when his powers begin to fail him
and be replaced by a vigorous successor. |
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º¸°íµÈ '½Å¼ºÇÑ ¿Õ±Ç', Áï »çÁ¦ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ°ú ¿Õ±ÇÀÌ °áÇÕµÈ
ÇüŸ¦ ÁßÁ¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç¾ú´Ù. ÇÁ·¹ÀÌÀú´Â ½Å¼ºÇÑ
¿Õ±ÇÀ̶ó´Â Á¦µµ´Â »çȸ¿Í ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Áú¼°¡ À¯ÁöµÇ±â
À§Çؼ´Â ¿ÕÀÇ »ý¸í·ÂÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ̶ó´Â ¹ÏÀ½¿¡¼
ºñ·ÔµÇ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿ÕÀÇ ¸öÀÌ ¼è¾àÇØÁö¸é ±×¸¦ »ìÇØÇϰí
´ë½Å °Ç°ÇÑ ¿ÕÀ» Ãß´ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. |
| In making a vast range of
primitive custom appear intelligible to European thinkers of his time,
Frazer had a wide influence among men of letters; and, though he traveled
little himself, he was in close contact with missionaries and administrators
who provided information for him and valued his interpretation of it. His
other works include Totemism and
Exogamy (1910) and Folk-Lore in
the Old Testament (1918). He was knighted in 1914.
BIBLIOGRAPHY. Robert Ackerman, J.G. Frazer: His Life and Work (1987). |
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Á¤º¸ÀÇ ÇØ¼®¿¡ °üÇØ ±×µéÀÇ ÀǰßÀ» µéÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
Àú¼·Î´Â ¡´ÅäÅ×¹ÌÁò°ú Á·¿ÜÈ¥ Totemism and Exogamy¡µ(1910)¡¤¡´±¸¾à¼º¼¿¡
³ª¿À´Â ¹Î¼Ó Folk-Lore in the Old Testament¡µ(1918) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 1914³â¿¡
±â»çÀÛÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
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[ Ȩ ] [ À§·Î ] [ ¸ñÂ÷ ] [ ½ÅÈ (¿ä¾à) ] [ º»Áú, ±â´É ¹× Á¾·ù ] [ µ¿¹°°ú ½Ä¹° ] [ Âü°í¹®Çå ] [ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ½ÅÈ ] [ Sir James George Frazer ] [ ·¹ºñ ½ºÆ®·Î½º ] [ ÇÁ·ÎÀ̵å ]
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