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Hutterite, member of HUTTERIAN BRETHREN, Anabaptist sect that
found refuge from persecution in Moravia and the Tirol; it stressed community of
goods on the model of the primitive church in Jerusalem. The community, which
acquired the name of its charismatic leader, Jakob Hutter
(tortured and burned as a heretic in 1536), still survives, mostly in the
western sections of the United States and Canada with a population of about
20,000. In colonies of 60 to 150 persons, they operate collective farms (Bruderhof)
and, not unlike the Old Order Amish, remain aloof from outside society, taking
no part in politics. Children are educated inside the colony until age 14 or
until a minimum age decreed by state or province. |
ÈÄÅÍÆÄ(¦¡¦¡ ÷ï, Hutterite), ÈÄÅÍ ÇüÁ¦´ÜÀ̶ó°íµµ
Çϸç, ¹ÚÇØ¸¦ ÇÇÇØ ¸ð¶óºñ¾Æ¿Í Ƽ·Ñ Áö¹æ¿¡ Çdzó¸¦ ãÀº
Àç¼¼·ÊÆÄ ºÐÆÄ. ÈÄÅÍ ÇüÁ¦´ÜÀº ¿¹·ç»ì·½ÀÇ ¿ø½Ã±³È¸¸¦ º»¶° Àç»êÀÇ
°øÀ¯¸¦ °Á¶Çß´Ù. Ä«¸®½º¸¶ÀûÀÎ ÁöµµÀÚ ¾ßÄÚÇÁ ÈÄÅÍ(1536³â ÀÌ´ÜÀÚ·Î ¸ô·Á
°í¹®¹ÞÀº ÈÄ ÈÇü´çÇÔ)ÀÇ À̸§À» µý ÀÌ °øµ¿Ã¼´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ
¹Ì±¹°ú ij³ª´Ù ¼ºÎÁö¿ªµé¿¡ ÁÖ·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ȸ¿øÀº 2¸¸
¸í°¡·® ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº 60~150¸í ´ÜÀ§·Î ¸¶À»À» ÀÌ·ç¾î Áý´Ü³óÀå(Bruderhof)À»
°æ¿µÇϸç, ±¸(ÏÁ)¾Ï¸¸ÆÄ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ¹Ù±ù »çȸ¿Í Àý¿¬ÇÑ Ã¤
Á¤Ä¡¿¡ ÀÏü °ü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº 14¼¼±îÁö, ¶Ç´Â ÁÖ³ª
Áö¹æÀÇ ¹ýÁ¤ ÃÖ¼Ò ³ªÀ̱îÁö ¸¶À» ³»¿¡¼ ±³À°À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. |
| Persecutions drove the Hutterites to Hungary, the Ukraine, and in the 1870s
to South Dakota; during World War I, because of persecution inspired by their
pacifism, they migrated to Canada. After the war, many returned to the United
States. Their high annual birth rate (45.9 per 1,000) has necessitated new
colonies, sometimes to the displeasure of neighbours who distrust their communal
life, object to their pacifism, and generally misunderstand their unorthodox way
of life. Some areas have passed legislation to hinder the growth of Hutterite
colonies. See also Amish ; Mennonite
. |
¹ÚÇØ ¶§¹®¿¡ Çë°¡¸®¿Í ¿ìÅ©¶óÀ̳ª·Î ÇdzÇÑ ÈÄÅÍÆÄ±³µµµéÀº
1870³â´ë »ç¿ì½º´ÙÄÚŸ·Î ÀÌÁÖÇßÀ¸¸ç, Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ¶§´Â
¹ÝÀü·ÐÀ» ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¹ÚÇØ¸¦ ¹Þ°í ´Ù½Ã ij³ª´Ù·Î
ÀÌÁÖÇß°í, ÀüÀïÀÌ ³¡³ µÚ ´Ù¼ö°¡ ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. ³ôÀº
¿¬°£ Ãâ»ý·ü·Î ÀÎÇØ »õ·Î¿î ¸¶À»À» °³Ã´ÇØ ¿Ô´Âµ¥, ÀÌ¿ô
ÁֹεéÀº ÀÌ ¸¶À»µéÀ» ºÒÄèÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº
ÈÄÅÍÆÄ °øµ¿Ã¼ »îÀ» ºÒ½ÅÇϰí, ±×µéÀÇ ÆòÈÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇϸç,
±×µéÀÇ ºñÁ¤ÅëÀûÀÎ »ýȰ ¹æ½ÄÀ» ´ëü·Î ¿ÀÇØÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀϺΠÁö¿ª¿¡¼´Â ¹ý·ÉÀ» Åë°ú½ÃÄÑ ÈÄÅÍÆÄ ¸¶À»ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ»
¸·¾Ò´Ù. J. A. È£½ºÅׯ²·¯ÀÇ ¡´ÈÄÅÍÆÄ »çȸ Hutterite Society¡µ°¡
1975³â¿¡ ÃâÆÇµÇ¾ú´Ù.¡æ
¸Þ³ëÆÄ, ¾Ï¸¸ÆÄ |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY.
John A. Hostetler, Hutterite Society (1975), provides a history and
ethnography.
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