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[ Home ] [ Up ] [ A Confession ] [ What I Believe ] [ Gospel In Brief ] [ Kingdom of God ] [ A Criticism of Dogmatic Theology ] [ An Examination of The Gospels ] [ A Harmony, Translation, and Examination of The Four Gospels ] [ 23 Tales ] [ Hadji Murad ] [ Resurrection ] [ His Life and Work ] [ Count Tolstoi and the Public Censor ] [ The Devil ] [ Last Days of Tolstoy ] [ First Recollections ] [ Father Sergious ] [ The Forged Coupon ] [ The Death of Ivan Ilych ] [ The Kreutzer Sonata ] [ Tolstoi's Kreutzer Sonata ] [ How Much Land Does A Man Need? ] [ What to do - On the Census in Moscow ] [ To A Kind Youth ] [ Master and Man ] [ Patriotism and Government ] [ Thou shall not kill ] [ To the Tsar and His Assistants ] [ A Letter to Russian Liberals ] [ A Letter to a Hindu ] [ Letter to Gandhi ] [ Letter to A Noncommissioned Officer ] [ To The Working People ] [ On Non-Resistance ] [ Last Message to Mankind ] [ The Slavery of Our Times ] [ Reminiscences Of Tolstoy ] [ Semenov's Peaseant Stories ] [ Strider ] [ The Works of Guy De Maupassant ] [ The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy ] [ The Tragedy of Tolstoy ] [ What Is Art? - Table of Contents ]
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Letter to A Non-Comissioned
Officer
By Leo Tolstoy
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¡¡ |
¡¡ |
You are surprised that soldiers are taught that it is right
to kill people in certain cases and in war, while in the books admitted to be
holy by those who so teach, there is nothing like such a permission, but, on the
contrary, not only is all murder forbidden but all insulting of others is
forbidden also, and we are told not to do to others what we do not wish done to
us. And you ask, Is there not some fraud in all this? And if so, then for whose
sake is it committed?
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´ç½ÅÀº, ±ºÀεéÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ °æ¿ìµé°ú ÀüÀï¿¡¼ »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ìÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù°í ¹è¿ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ±×·¸°Ô °¡¸£Ä¡´Â
»ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼º½º·´´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁö´Â Ã¥µé ¾È¿¡´Â, ±×·¯ÇÑ Çã¿ë °°Àº °ÍÀº ¾øÀ¸³ª, ¹Ý´ë·Î, ¸ðµç »ìÀÎÀº ±ÝÁöµÉ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ¸ð¿åµéµµ ±ÝÁöµÇ¸ç, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÇàÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶óÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®µµ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇàÇØ¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í·É
¹Þ°í ÀÖÀ½¿¡, ³î¶ó°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀº ¹¯½À´Ï´Ù, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ¾î¶² »ç±â°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ±×·¸´Ù¸é,
´©±¸¸¦ À§ÇØ ±×·± ÀÏÀÌ ÀÚÇàµÇ´Â°¡? |
Yes, there is a fraud, committed for the sake of those
accustomed to live on the sweat and blood of other men, and who therefore have
perverted, and still pervert, Christ's teaching, given to man for his good, but
which has now, in its perverted form, become a chief source of human misery.
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±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù, »ç±â°¡ Á¸ÀçÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¶¡°ú
ÇǸ¦ ¸Ô°í »ç´Â °Í¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇØ ÀúÁú·¯Áö¸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¿Ö°îÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿Ö°îÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±×°ÍÀº
ÀÌÁ¦, ±×·± ¿Ö°îµÈ ÇüÅ·μ, Àΰ£ÀÇ ºÒÇàÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿äÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. |
The thing has come about in this way:
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»óȲÀº ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÃÊ·¡µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. |
The Government and all those of the upper classes near the
Government who live by other people's work., need some means of dominating the
workers, and find this means in the control of the army. Defence against foreign
enemies is only an excuse. The German Government frightens its subjects about
the Russians and the French; the French Government, frightens its people about
the Germane; the Russian Government frightens its people about the French and
the Germans; and that is the way with all Governments. But neither Germans nor
Russians nor Frenchmen desire to fight their neighbours or other people; but,
living in peace, they dread war more than anything else in the world. The
Government and the upper, governing classes, to excuse their domination of the
labourers, behave like a gipsy who whips his horse before he turns a corner and
then pretends he cannot hold it in. They stir up their own people and some
foreign Government, and then pretend that for the well-being, or the defence, of
their people they must declare war: which again brings profit only to generals,
officers, officials, merchants, and., in general, to the rich. In reality war is
an inevitable result of the existence of armies; and armies are only needed by
Governments to dominate their own working classes.
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Á¤ºÎ ¹× ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿À¸·Î »ì¾Æ°¡´Â Á¤ºÎ ±ÙóÀÇ »óÀ§ °è±ÞµéÀ»
Áö´Ñ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº, ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» Áö¹èÇÒ ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ±º´ë¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÔ¿¡¼ ãÀº °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ Àûµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹æ¾î´Â
¿ÀÁ÷ ±¸½ÇÀÏ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µ¶ÀÏ Á¤ºÎ´Â ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÎµé ¹× ÇÁ¶û½ºÀε鿡 ´ëÇØ ±×ÀÇ ±¹¹Îµé¿¡°Ô °ÌÀ» ÁÖ°í; ÇÁ¶û½º Á¤ºÎ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ±¹¹Îµé¿¡°Ô µ¶ÀÏÀε鿡
´ëÇØ¼ °ÌÀ» ÁÖ¸ç; ·¯½Ã¾Æ Á¤ºÎ´Â ±× ±¹¹Îµé¿¡°Ô ÇÁ¶û½º¿Í µ¶ÀÏÀε鿡 ´ëÇØ °ÌÀ» ÁÝ´Ï´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç Á¤ºÎµéÀÌ Áö´Ñ ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
µ¶ÀÏÀε鵵 ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀε鵵 ¾Æ´Ï ÇÁ¶û½ºÀε鵵 °áÄÚ ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô ³ª¶óµéÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ ±¹¹Îµé°ú ½Î¿ì±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶óÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù; ±×·¯³ª, ÆòÈ ¾È¿¡ »ì¸é¼,
±×µéÀº ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ±× ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ÀüÀïÀ» µÎ·Á¿ö Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤ºÎ ¹× »óÀ§ÀÇ Áö¹è °è±ÞµéÀº, ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ º¯¸íÇϱâ À§Çؼ,
¸¶Ä¡ Áý½Ã°¡ ¸ðÅüÀ̸¦ µ¹±â Àü¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ äÂïÁúÀ» ÇÏ°í¼ ¸¶Ä¡ ±×°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ºÙµé ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³ ÇൿÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±¹¹Îµé ¹×
ÀϺΠ¿Ü±¹ Á¤ºÎµéÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇϸç, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ±×µé ±¹¹ÎÀÇ º¹Áö ¶Ç´Â ¹æ¾î¸¦ À§Çؼ ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀüÀïÀ» ¼±¾ðÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ °¡ÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù:
±×°ÍÀº ´Ù½Ã ¿ÀÁ÷ À屺µé, Àå±³µé, °ø¹«¿øµé, »óÀε鿡°Ô, ±×¸®°í ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ Àڵ鿡°Ô ÀÌÀÍÀ» °¡Á®´Ù ÁÙ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀüÀïÀº
±º´ëµéÀÇ Á¸Àç·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °á°úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
The thing is a crime, but the worst of it is that the
Government, in order to have a plausible basis for its domination of the people,
has to pretend that it holds the highest religious teaching known to man (the
Christian), and that it brings up its subjects in this teaching. That teaching,
however, is in its very nature opposed not only to murder but to all violence,
and therefore the Governments, in order to dominate the people and to be
considered Christian, had to pervert Christianity and to hide its true meaning
from the people, and thus deprive men of the well-being Christ offered them.
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±×·± °ÍÀº ¹üÁËÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ Áß¿¡¼µµ ÃÖ¾ÇÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡,
±¹¹ÎµéÀ» Áö¹èÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×·²µíÇÑ ±Ù°Å¸¦ °¡Áö±â À§Çؼ, »ç¶÷(±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ÀÎ)¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁø °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Á¾±³Àû °¡¸£Ä§À» ÁÖÀåÇϸç, ±×µé ¹é¼ºµéÀ»
ÀÌ·± °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µ¥·Á´Ù ÁÖ´Â °Íó·³ °¡ÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·± °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ±×·¯³ª, ±× ÀÚüÀÇ º»Áú¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ »ìÀο¡ ´ëÇØ¼ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç
Æø·Â¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¤ºÎµéÀº, »ç¶÷µéÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ°í ±×¸®½ºµµ ÀÎÀ̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁöµµ·Ï, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³¸¦ ¿Ö°îÇØ¼ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼ ±×°ÍÀÇ ÂüµÈ
Àǹ̸¦ ¼û°Ü¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼ ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁÖ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÇູÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
This perversion was accomplished long ago, in the time of
that scoundrel the Emperor Constantine, who for doing it was enrolled among the
saints. All subsequent Governments, especially our Russian Government, do their
utmost to preserve this perverted understanding, and to prevent people from
seeing the real meaning of Christianity; because having once seen the real
meaning of Christianity, the people would perceive that the Governments, with
their taxes, soldiers, prisons, gallows, and false priests, are not only not the
pillars of Christianity they profess to be, but are its greatest enemies.
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ÀÌ·± ¿Ö°îÀº ¿À·¡ Àü, Áöµ¶ÇÑ ¾Ç´çÀÎ ÄܽºÅºÆ¼´©½º ȲÁ¦ÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡,
¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼ºÀεéÀÇ ¹Ý¿¿¡ ¿Ã¶ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ¸ðµç Á¤ºÎµéÀº, Ưº°È÷ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ·¯½Ã¾Æ Á¤ºÎ´Â, ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¿Ö°îµÈ
°¡¸£Ä§À» º¸Á¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ, ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ÂüµÈ Àǹ̸¦ ±ú´Ý´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÇØÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ±×µéÀÇ ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù; ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé,
ÀÏ´Ü »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ÂüµÈ Àǹ̸¦ ±ú´Þ¾Æ ¹ö¸®¸é, ±×µéÀº Á¤ºÎµéÀÇ ¼¼±Ýµé, ±ºÀεé, °¨¿Áµé, ±³¼ö´ëµé, ¹× °ÅÁþ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â
Á¤ºÎµéÀÌ, ±×µéÀÌ °í¹éÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ µéº¸µéÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °¡Àå Å« ÀûµéÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
In consequence of this perversion, those frauds which have
surprised you are possible, and all those terrible misfortunes occur from which
men suffer.
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ÀÌ·± ¿Ö°îÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼, ´ç½ÅÀ» ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÑ ±×¿Í °°Àº »ç±âµéÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ
°ÍÀ̸ç, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °Þ´Â ±× ¸ðµç ¹«¼¿î ºÒÇàµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
The people are oppressed and robbed, and are poor, ignorant,
dying of hunger. Why? Because the land is in the hands of the rich; and the
people are enslaved in mills and in factories, obliged to earn money because
taxes are demanded from them, and the price of their labour is diminished while
the price of things they need is increased.
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»ç¶÷µéÀº ¾ï¾Ð´çÇÏ°í »©¾Ñ±â¸ç, °¡³ÇÏ°í ¹«ÁöÇϸç, ¹è°íÆÄ
Á׾´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö ±×·¸½À´Ï±î? ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÅäÁö´Â ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÇ ¼Õ ¾È¿¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù; ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¦Àۼҵ鿡¼ ±×¸®°í °øÀåµé¿¡¼ ³ë¿¹°¡
µÇ¸ç, ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¼¼±ÝÀÌ ºÎ°úµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ µ·À» ¹ú¾î¾ß¸¸ Çϸç, ±×µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ °¡Ä¡´Â Áپ °¡Áö¸¸ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¹°°ÇµéÀÇ °ªÀº
¿Ã¶ó¸¸ °©´Ï´Ù. |
How are they to escape? By taking the land from the rich? But
if this is done, soldiers will come, and will kill the rebels or put them in
prison. Seize the mills and factories? The same will happen. Organize and
maintain a strike? It is sure to fail. The rich will hold out longer than the
workers, and the armies are always on the side of the capitalists. The people
will never extricate themselves from the want in which they are kept as long as
the army is in the hands of the governing classes.
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¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº Å»ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú½À´Ï±î? ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÅäÁö¸¦
»©¾Ñ¾Æ¼? ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ÀÏÀÌ »ý±â¸é, ±ºÀεéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¹ÝµµµéÀ» »ìÇØÇϰųª ±×µéÀ» °¨¿Á¿¡ °¡µÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¦ÀÛ¼Òµé°ú °øÀåµéÀ» °Å»Çϸé?
¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÆÄ¾÷À» Á¶Á÷ÇÏ°í °è¼ÓÇϰڽÀ´Ï±î? ±×°ÍÀº Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ÀÚµéÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé º¸´Ù ¿À·¡ °ßµô
°ÍÀ̸ç, ±º´ëµéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÚº»°¡µéÀÇ Æí¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ±º´ë°¡ Áö¹è °è±ÞµéÀÇ ¼öÁß¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ±×µéÀÌ ºÙÀâÇô ÀÖ´Â ±ÃÇÌÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °áÄÚ
ÇØ¹æµÇÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
But who compose these armies that keep the people in this
state of slavery? Who are these soldiers that will fire at peasants who take the
land, or at strikers who will not disperse, or at smugglers who bring in goods
without paying taxes? Who put in prison and guard there those who refuse to pay
taxes ? The soldiers are these same peasants who are deprived of land, these
same strikers who want better wages, these same taxpayers who want to be rid of
these taxes.
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±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀÌ·± ³ë¿¹ »óÅ·ΠºÙµé¾î µÎ´Â ÀÌµé ±º´ëµéÀº ´©°¡
±¸¼ºÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ÅäÁö¸¦ °¡Áö·Á ÇÏ´Â ³óºÎµé¿¡°Ô, ¾Æ´Ï ÇØ»êÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á´Â ÆÄ¾÷Àڵ鿡°Ô, ¾Æ´Ï ¼¼±ÝÀ» ³³ºÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¹°Ç°µéÀ» ¹ÝÀÔÇÏ´Â
¹Ð¼ö²Ûµé¿¡°Ô ÃÑÀ» ½î´Â ÀÌµé ±ºÀεéÀº ´©±¸ÀԴϱî? ¼¼±ÝÀ» ³³ºÎÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» °¨¿Á¿¡ °¡µÎ°í ÁöŰ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ´©±¸ÀԴϱî? ±ºÀεéÀº
ÅäÁö¸¦ »©¾Ñ±ä ¹Ù·Î ÀÌµé ³óºÎµéÀ̸ç, ³ªÀº ºÀ±ÞµéÀ» ¹Ù¶ó´Â ¹Ù·Î ÀÌµé ÆÄ¾÷ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̸ç, ¼¼±Ýµé¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ª°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù·Î À̵é°ú ¶È°°Àº
³³¼¼ÀÚµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
And why do these people shoot at their brothers ? Because it
has been instilled into them that the oath they were obliged to take on entering
the service is binding, and that though it is generally wrong to kill people, it
is right to do so at the command of one's superiors. That is to say, the same
fraud is played off upon them which has struck you. But here we meet the
question, How is it that sensible people, often people who can read, and even
educated people, believe such an evident lie ? However little education a man may
have, he cannot but know that Christ did not sanction murder, but taught
kindness, meekness, forgiveness of injuries, love of one's enemies; and
therefore he cannot help seeing that on the basis of Christian teaching he
cannot pledge himself in advance to kill all whom he may be ordered to kill.
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±×·±µ¥ ¿Ö ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÇüÁ¦µé¿¡°Ô ÃÑÀ» ½î´Â °ÍÀԴϱî?
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀÌ ±º´ë¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¶§ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸Í¼¼°¡ Àǹ«ÀûÀ̸ç, ºñ·Ï ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷À» »ìÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ª»ÚÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ »ó°üµéÀÇ
¸í·É¿¡ µû¶ó ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁÖÀԵǾîÁ® ¿Ô±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô »ý°¢³ °Í°ú ¶È°°Àº »ç±â°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô
ÇàÇØÁø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©±â¼ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ºÀÂøÇÕ´Ï´Ù, ¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ºÐº° ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, °¡²û ÀÐÀ» ÁÙ ¾Ë¸ç, ½ÉÁö¾î ±³À°¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ,
±×·¯ÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÑ °ÅÁþÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ü ¸»ÀԴϱî? »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ÀûÀº ±³À°À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ »ìÀÎÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Ä£Àý, À¯¼øÇÔ,
¼ÕÇØ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ë¼, ¿ø¼ö¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÔÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç; ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ À§¿¡¼´Â, ±×°¡ »ìÇØÇϵµ·Ï ¸í·É ¹Þ´Â
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ìÇØÇϱâ À§Çؼ »çÀü¿¡ ¼¾àÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
The question is, how can sensible people believe- as all now
serving in the army have believed and still believe-such an evident falsehood?
The answer is that it is not this one fraud by itself that takes people in, but
they have from childhood been deprived of the proper use of their reason by a
whole series of deceptions, a whole system of frauds, called the Orthodox Faith,
which is nothing but the grossest idolatry. In this faith people are taught:
that God is triple, that besides this triple God there is a Queen of Heaven, and
besides this Queen there are various saints whose corpses have not decayed, and
besides these saints there are icons of the Gods and of the Queen of Heaven, to
which one should offer candles and pray with one's hands; and that the most
important and holy thing on earth is the pap which the priest makes of wine and
white bread on Sundays, behind a partition; and that after the priest has
whispered over it, the wine is no longer wine, and the white bread is not bread,
but they are the blood and flesh of one of the triple Gods, etc. All this is so
stupid and senseless that it is quite impossible to understand what it all
means. And the very people who teach this faith do not ask you to understand it,
but only tell you to believe it; and people trained to believe these things from
childhood can believe any kind of nonsense that is told them. And when men have
been so befooled that they believe that God hangs in the corner, or sits in a
morsel of pap which the priest gives out in a spoon ; that to kiss a board or
some relic and put candles in front of them, is useful for life here and
hereafter-they are next called on to enter the military service, where they are
humbugged to any extent; being first made to swear on the Gospel (in which
swearing is prohibited) that they will do just what is forbidden in those
Gospels, and then taught that to kill people at the word of those in command is
not a sin, but that to refuse to obey those in command is a sin. So that the
fraud played off on soldiers when it is instilled into them that they may,
without sin, kill people at the wish of those in command, is not an isolated
fraud, but is bound up with a whole system of deception without which this one
fraud would not deceive them.
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¹®Á¦´Â, ¾îÂîÇÏ¿© ºÐº° ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ - ÇöÀç ±º´ë¿¡ º¹¹«Çϰí ÀÖ´Â
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Ï¾úÀ¸¸ç ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹Ï°í ÀÖµíÀÌ - ±×·¸°Ô ºÐ¸íÇÑ °ÅÁþÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö Àִ°¡ ÇÏ´Â Á¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀº, »ç¶÷µéÀ» Àâ¾Æ µÎ°í
ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ ÇÑ °¡Áö »ç±â¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µéÀº ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾ß¸¸Àû ¿ì»ó ¼þ¹è¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ Á¤Åë ½Å¾ÓÀ̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â, Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ
±â¸¸µé, Àü¹ÝÀûÀΠüÁ¦Àû »ç±âµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×µéÀÇ À̼ºÀ» ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÔÀ» ¹ÚÅ»´çÇØ ¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ½Å¾Ó ¾È¿¡¼ »ç¶÷µéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
±³À°µÇ¾î Á³½À´Ï´Ù: Áï, Çϳª´ÔÀº »ïÀ§ ÀÏüÀ̰í, ÀÌ »ïÀ§ ÀÏü ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¼º¸ð°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ¼º¸ð ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¸öµéÀÌ ºÎÆÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼ºÀÚµéÀÌ
Á¸ÀçÇϰí, ÀÌµé ¼ºÀÚµé ¿Ü¿¡µµ ½Åµé ¹× ¼º¸ðÀÇ ¿ì»óµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀ» ÇâÇØ ¿ì¸®´Â ÃкÒÀ» ¹ÙÄ¡°í ¼ÕÀ» ¸ðÀ¸°í ±âµµÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù°í, ±×¸®°í
Áö±¸¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ¸ç °¡Àå ¼º½º·¯¿î °ÍÀº ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÌ ÁÖÀϳ¯ ĸ·ÀÌ µÚ¿¡¼ Æ÷µµÁÖ¿Í ÇÏ¾á »§À¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â »§ Á¶°¢À̸ç, ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ°¡ ±× À§¿¡¼
¼Ó»èÀÎ µÚ¿¡, ±× Æ÷µµÁÖ´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó Æ÷µµÁÖ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ÇÏ¾á »§Àº ´õ ÀÌ»ó »§ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×°ÍµéÀº »ïÀ§ÀÏüÀÎ Çϳª´Ôµé ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÇ¿Í
»ìÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ¸ÛûÇÏ°í ºÐº°¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ¾î¼ ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·±
½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ¹Ù·Î ±× »ç¶÷µéÀº ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱ⸦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿À·ÎÁö ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¶ó°í¸¸ ÇÒ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù; ±×¸®°í
¾î¸° ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ÀÌ·± °ÍµéÀ» ¹Ïµµ·Ï ÈÆ·Ã ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ Çê¼Ò¸®µµ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀÌ
±×Åä·Ï ¹Ùº¸Ãë±ÞÀ» ´çÇØ¼ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±¸¼®¿¡ ¸Å´Þ·Á Àְųª, ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ°¡ ¼öÀú·Î ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ´Â »§ Á¶°¢¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù°í; ¾î¶² ÆÇÀÚ³ª À¯¹°¿¡ ÀÔ¸ÂÃãÇϰí
±×°Íµé ¾Õ¿¡ ÃкÒÀ» ³õ¾Æ µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ À̽ÂÀÇ »î ¹× Àú½ÂÀÇ »îÀ» À§ÇØ À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù°í ¹ÏÀ» ¶§ - ±×µéÀº ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ±º´ë¿¡ µé¾î °¡µµ·Ï ¼ÒÁýµÇ¸ç,
±×°÷¿¡¼ ±×µéÀº ¾î´À Á¤µµ±îÁö ¼ÓÀÓÀ» ´çÇϸç; ±×µéÀº Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú º¹À½¼(±×°÷¿¡´Â ¸Í¼¼°¡ ±ÝÁöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù)¸¦ ³õ°í ¿ÀÁ÷ º¹À½¼µé¿¡¼ ±ÝÁöµÈ °ÍÀ»
ÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¸Í¼¼ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀÇ ¸»¿¡ µû¶ó¼ »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ìÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á˰¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â Àڵ鿡°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÒ °ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀÌ Á˶ó°í ±³À°¹Þ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀÇ ¼Ò¿ø´ë·Î ±ºÀεéÀÌ, Á˸¦ ÁþÁö ¾Ê°í¼, »ç¶÷µéÀ» »ìÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ º´»çµé¿¡°Ô ÁÖÀԵǾî
Áú ¶§ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÇàÇØÁö´Â »ç±â´Â ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ »ç±â°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Àü¹ÝÀû üÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ±â¸¸À¸·Î ¹¿© ÀÖ¾î¼ ±×°Í ¾øÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·± ÇϳªÀÇ »ç±â°¡ ±×µéÀ»
±â¸¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
Only a man quite befooled by the false faith called
Orthodoxy, palmed off upon him for true Christian faith, can believe that it is
no sin for a Christian to enter the army, promising blindly to obey any man who
ranks above him in the service, and, at the will of others, learning to kill,
and committing that most terrible crime forbidden by all moral law.
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¿À·ÎÁö Á¤Åë ½Å¾ÓÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °ÅÁþµÈ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½ÉÇϰÔ
³î¾Æ³µÀ¸¸ç, ÂüµÈ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ̶ó°í ¼ÓÀº »ç¶÷ ¸¸ÀÌ, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ÀÎÀÌ ±º´ë¿¡ µé¾î °¡´Â °ÍÀÌ Á˰¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±º
º¹¹« Áß¿¡ ±× º¸´Ù °è±ÞÀÌ ³ôÀº ¾î´À ´©±¸¿¡°Ô¶óµµ ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ¸Í¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î º¹Á¾ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¸Í¼¼Çϸé¼, »ìÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
¹è¿ì°í, ¸ðµç µµ´öÀû ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±ÝÁöµÇ´Â °¡Àå ¹«¼¿î ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
A man free from the pseudo-Christian faith that is called
Orthodoxy, will not believe that.
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Á¤Åë ½Å¾ÓÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â À¯»ç ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î
»ç¶÷Àº, ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
And that is why the so-called Sectarians-Christians who have
repudiated the Orthodox teaching, and acknowledge Christ's teaching as explained
in the Gospels, and especially in the Sermon on the Mount-are not tricked by
this deception, but have frequently refused, and still do refuse, to be
soldiers, considering such an occupation incompatible with Christianity, and
preferring to bear a kinds of persecution, as hundreds and thousands of people
are doing: in Russia many of the Doukhobors and Molokans; in Austria the
Nazarenes, and in Sweden, Switzerland, and Germany some members of the
Evangelical sects. The Government knows this, and is therefore exceedingly
anxious that the general Church deception, without which it could not be
maintained, should be commenced with every child from early infancy and be
continually maintained in such a way that none may escape it. The Government
tolerates anything else: drunkenness and vice (and not only tolerates but even
organizes drunkenness and vice-they help to stupefy people), but by all means in
its power it hinders those who have escaped out of its trap from assisting
others to escape.
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±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¼ÒÀ§ ºÐÆÄµé - Á¤Åë ½Å¾ÓÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À»
ºÎÀÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» º¹À½¼µé¿¡, Ưº°È÷ »ê»ó ¼³±³¿¡, ¼³¸íµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ´ë·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ Àεé - ÀÌ ÀÌ·± ±â¸¸¿¡ ¼Ó¾Æ
³Ñ¾î°¡Áö ¾Ê°í¼ ±ºÀÎÀÌ µÇ±â¸¦ ºó¹øÈ÷ °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´°í, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °ÅºÎÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ Á÷¾÷ÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³¿Í ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¿©±â¸ç, ¼ö¹é ¹×
¼öõ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µé - ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¸¹Àº µÎÈ£º¸¸£ ¹× ¸ô·ÎÄ; ¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾ÆÀÇ ³ªÀÚ·», ±×¸®°í ½º¿þµ§, ½ºÀ§½º ±×¸®°í µ¶ÀÏ¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀϺΠº¹À½ÁÖÀÇ
Á¾ÆÄµéÀÇ È¸¿øµé - ÀÌ ÇàÇϰí ÀÖµíÀÌ Â÷¶ó¸® ¹ÚÇØ¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀ» ÅÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¤ºÎ´Â À̰ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀϹÝÀû ±³È¸ÀÇ
±â¸¸ÀÌ, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é Á¤ºÎ´Â À¯ÁöµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¹Ýµå½Ã À¯¾ÆÀûºÎÅÍ ¸ðµç ¾ÆÀ̷κÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿî¾ß¸¸ Çϸç, ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×°ÍÀ» Å»ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï
Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöµÇµµ·Ï Áö±ØÈ÷ ¿°·ÁÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤ºÎ´Â ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö ¿ë³³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù: ¼úÁÖÁ¤°ú ºñÇà( ±×¸®°í ¼úÁÖÁ¤°ú
ºñÇàÀ» °ü¿ëÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¶Á÷Çϱ⵵ Çϸç - ±×°ÍµéÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸ÛûÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù), ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ ±Ç·Â ¾È¿¡¼ ¸ðµç ¼ö´Üµé¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×µéÀÇ ÇÔÁ¤À» Å»ÃâÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Å»ÃâÇϵµ·Ï µ½´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÇØÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
The Russian Government perpetrates this fraud with special
craft and cruelty. It orders all its subjects to baptize their children during
infancy into the false faith called Orthodoxy, and it threatens to punish them
if they disobey. And when the children are baptized, that is, are reckoned as
Orthodox - then, under threats of criminal penalties, they are forbidden to
discuss the faith into which, without their wish, they were baptized; and for
such discussion of that faith, as well as for renouncing it and changing to
another, they are actually punished.. So that it cannot be said of Russians in
general that they believe the Orthodox Faith-they do not know whether they
believe it or not. They were converted to it during infancy, and kept in it by
violence -that is, by the fear of punishment. All Russians were entrapped into
Orthodoxy by cunning fraud, and are kept in it by cruel force.
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·¯½Ã¾Æ Á¤ºÎ´Â ÀÌ·± »ç±â¸¦ Ưº°ÇÑ ±â¼ú°ú ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÚÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¸ðµç ±¹¹Îµé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀ» À¯¾ÆÀû¿¡ Á¤Åë ½Å¾ÓÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °ÅÁþµÈ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ µéµµ·Ï ¼¼·Ê ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ» ¸í·ÉÇϸç, ±×µéÀÌ º¹Á¾ÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ó¹úÇϰڴٰí À§ÇùÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¼¼·Ê ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, Áï, Á¤Åë ½Å¾ÓÀÎÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖµÉ ¶§ - ±×¸®°í ³ª¸é, Çü»çÀû ó¹úµéÀÇ À§Çù
¾Æ·¡¼, ±×µéÀº, º»ÀÎÀÇ ÀÇ»ç¿Í °ü°è ¾øÀÌ, ¼¼·Ê ¹Þ¾Æ¼ µé°Ô µÈ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ³íÀÇÇØ¼´Â ¾ÈµÇ¸ç; ±×·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅäÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼, ±×°ÍÀ»
Æ÷±âÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹°·Ð, ±×µéÀº Á¤¸»·Î ó¹ú ¹Þ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀε鿡 ´ëÇØ¼, ±×µéÀÌ Á¤Åë ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í
¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù - ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Ï´ÂÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁöµµ ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº À¯¾Æ±â¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î °³Á¾µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î- ´Ù½Ã
¸»Çϸé, ó¹úÀÇ µÎ·Á¿ò ¶§¹®¿¡ - ±×°Í¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç ·¯½Ã¾Æ ÀεéÀº ±³È°ÇÑ »ç±â·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ Á¤Åë ½Å¾Ó¿¡ °É·Á µé¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÜÀÎÇÑ
Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î ±×°Í¿¡ ºÙÀâÇô ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. |
Using the power it wields, the Government perpetrates and
maintains this fraud, and by means of it retains power.
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Á¤ºÎ´Â ±×µéÀÌ Çà»çÇÏ´Â ±Ç·ÂÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ·± »ç±â¸¦ ÀÚÇàÇϸç
À¯ÁöÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±Ç·ÂÀ» Áö¼ÓÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
And, therefore, the sole way to free people from their many
miseries lies in freeing them from the false faith instilled into them by
Government, and in their imbibing the true Christian teaching, which this false
teaching hides. The true Christian teaching is very simple, clear, and obvious
to all, as Christ said. But it is simple and accessible only when man is freed
from that falsehood in which we were all educated., and which is passed off upon
us as God's Truth.
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±×·¯¹Ç·Î, »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±×µéÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÒÇàµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ
¹æ¹ýÀº Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁÖÀÔµÈ °ÅÁþ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇÔ¿¡, ±×¸®°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô, °ÅÁþµÈ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ °¡¸®°í ÀÖ´Â, ÂüµÈ
±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µéÀÌŰ°Ô ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÂüµÈ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸»ÇÑ °Íó·³, ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ¸Å¿ì ´Ü¼øÇϸç, ¸í¹éÇϰí,
ºÐ¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ¿À·ÎÁö »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±³À°¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Áø¸®¶ó°í ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô ÀüÇØÁ® ¿Â ±×¿Í °°Àº °ÅÁþÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö
Áú ¶§¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò ´Ü¼øÇϸç Çö½Ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
Nothing useful can be poured into a vessel that
is already full of what is useless. We must first empty out what is useless. So
it is with the acquirement of true Christian teaching. We have first to
understand that all the stories telling how God made the world 6,000 years ago;
how Adam sinned and the human race fell, and how the Son of God (a God born of a
virgin) came on earth and redeemed man; and all the fables in the Old Testament
and in the Gospels, and all the lives of the saints with their stories of
miracles and relics- are all nothing but a gross hash of Jewish superstitions and priestly
frauds. Only to a man quite free from this deception can the clear and simple
teaching of Christ, which needs no explanation, be accessible and comprehensible.
That teaching tells us nothing of the beginning, or of the end, of the world,
nor about God and His purpose, nor, in general, about things which we cannot and
need not know; but it speaks only of what man must do to save himself-that is,
how best to live the life he has come into, in this world, from birth to death.
For that purpose it is only necessary to act towards others as we wish them to
act towards us. In that is all the law and the prophets, as Christ said.
And to act in this way we need neither icons, nor relics, nor church services,
nor priests, nor catechisms, nor Governments, but, on the contrary, we need
perfect freedom from all that; for to do to others as we wish them to do to us
is only possible when a man is free from the fables which the priests give out
as the only truth, and when he is not bound by promises to act as other people
may order. Only such a man will be capable of fulfilling- not his own will nor
that of men., but- the will of God.
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ÀÌ¹Ì ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡µæ Âù ¿ë±â¿¡ ¾î¶² À¯ÀÍÇÑ °Íµµ ºÎ¾î ³ÖÀ»
¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÕÀú ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» ºñ¿ö ¹ö·Á¾ß¸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÂüµÈ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¾òÀ½¿¡ À־µ ±×·¯ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ÕÀú ´ÙÀ½À»
±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù: 6 õ³â Àü¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼¼»óÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´ÂÁö ¸»ÇØÁÖ´Â ¸ðµç À̾߱âµé; ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Æ´ãÀÌ Á˸¦ Áö¾úÀ¸¸ç Àηù°¡ Ÿ¶ôÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö,
±×¸®°í ¾î¶»°Ô Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé(ó³àÀÇ ¸ö¿¡¼ ÅÂ¾î³ Çϳª´Ô)ÀÌ Áö»ó¿¡ ¿Ô´ÂÁö ±×¸®°í Àΰ£À» ±¸¿øÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö; ±×¸®°í ±¸¾à ¼º¼¿Í º¹À½¼µé¿¡ µé¾î
ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç Àü¼³µé, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ¼ºÀÚµéÀÇ »î°ú ±×µéÀÇ ±âÀûµé ¹× À¯¹°µé¿¡ °üÇÑ À̾߱âµé - À̰͵éÀº ´ÜÁö ¸ðµÎ°¡ À¯´ë±³ÀÇ ¹Ì½Åµé°ú ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ
»ç±âµé·Î ¸¸µç Å͹«´Ï ¾ø´Â ÀâÅÁÀÏ »ÓÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ·± ±â¸¸À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î »ç¶÷¸¸ÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸í¹éÇÏ¸ç ´Ü¼øÇÑ, ¾Æ¹«·±
ÇØ¼®À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â, °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±ú´ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·± °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ¼¼»óÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ ¶Ç´Â ³¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ, Çϳª´Ô ¹× ±×ÀÇ
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ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡ - Áï, ±×°¡ ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ µé¾î¿À°Ô µÈ »îÀ», ¿ä¶÷¿¡¼ ¹«´ý±îÁö, ¾î¶»°Ô °¡Àå À¯ÀÍÇÏ°Ô »ç´Â°¡ - ¸¦
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¿Í °°Àº ¸ñÀûÀ» À§Çؼ´Â, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÇàÇØÁֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶óµíÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÇâÇØ¼ ÇàÇØÁÖ´Â
°ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¸»ÇßµíÀÌ, ¹Ù·Î ±×°Í¿¡ ¸ðµç À²¹ý°ú ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÇൿÇϱâ À§Çؼ
¿ì¸®´Â °áÄÚ ¿ì»óµé, À¯¹°µé, ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿¹¹èµé, ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµé, ±³¸®¹®´äµé, ¶Ç´Â Á¤ºÎµéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ý´ë·Î, ¿ì¸®´Â ±× ¸ðµç °Íµé·ÎºÎÅÍ
¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù; ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÇØÁֱ⸦ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ù¸£µíÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇàÇØ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº, »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÌ
À¯ÀÏÇÑ Áø¸®·Î¼ ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ´Â Àü¼³µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ï ¶§, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ÇൿÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¾à¼Óµé¿¡ ±¸¼ÓµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§¿¡
ºñ·Î¼Ò °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¿ÀÁ÷ ±×·± »ç¶÷µé¸¸ÀÌ - ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¶æµµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ñ - Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
And the will of God is not that we should fight and oppress
the weak, but that we should acknowledge all men to be our brothers and should
serve one another.
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±×¸®°í Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾àÇÑ ÀÚµé°ú ½Î¿ö¾ß Çϰųª ¾ï¾ÐÇØ¾ß
ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦µé·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¼·Î¸¦ ¼¶±â´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
These are the thoughts your letter has aroused in me. I shall
be very glad if they help to clear up the questions you are thinking about.
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À̰͵éÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö°¡ ³ªÀÇ ¾È¿¡ Àϱú¿î »ý°¢µéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â
±×°ÍµéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÌ »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ´Â Àǹ®µéÀ» ¸»²ûÈ÷ ¾Ä¾îÁִµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é ¸Å¿ì ±â»Ü °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
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[1898.]
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[1898] |
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[ A Confession ] [ What I Believe ] [ Gospel In Brief ] [ Kingdom of God ] [ A Criticism of Dogmatic Theology ] [ An Examination of The Gospels ] [ A Harmony, Translation, and Examination of The Four Gospels ] [ 23 Tales ] [ Hadji Murad ] [ Resurrection ] [ His Life and Work ] [ Count Tolstoi and the Public Censor ] [ The Devil ] [ Last Days of Tolstoy ] [ First Recollections ] [ Father Sergious ] [ The Forged Coupon ] [ The Death of Ivan Ilych ] [ The Kreutzer Sonata ] [ Tolstoi's Kreutzer Sonata ] [ How Much Land Does A Man Need? ] [ What to do - On the Census in Moscow ] [ To A Kind Youth ] [ Master and Man ] [ Patriotism and Government ] [ Thou shall not kill ] [ To the Tsar and His Assistants ] [ A Letter to Russian Liberals ] [ A Letter to a Hindu ] [ Letter to Gandhi ] [ Letter to A Noncommissioned Officer ] [ To The Working People ] [ On Non-Resistance ] [ Last Message to Mankind ] [ The Slavery of Our Times ] [ Reminiscences Of Tolstoy ] [ Semenov's Peaseant Stories ] [ Strider ] [ The Works of Guy De Maupassant ] [ The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy ] [ The Tragedy of Tolstoy ] [ What Is Art? - Table of Contents ]
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