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CONCLUSION  OF 
A CRITICISM OF DOGMATIC THEOLOGY


±³¸®Àû ½ÅÇÐ ºñÆòÀÇ °á·Ð

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SO this is the full disclosure of the God-revealed truth. Everything has been disclosed and there is nothing more, and it must not be otherwise understood. He who understands it otherwise is anathema, 'without doubt he shall perish ever¡©lastingly'.

±×·¯ÇϹǷÎ, À̰ÍÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¹àÈù Áø¸®ÀÇ Àüü ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¹àÇô Á³°í, ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù, ±×¸®°í ´Þ¸® ÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ» ´Þ¸® ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀúÁÖ ¹ÞÀº ÀÚÀÌ´Ù, ¡®ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áöµµ ¾øÀÌ ±×´Â ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ¼Ò¸êµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯

A man asks: What is this whole world in which I find myself? He asks what sense there is in his existence and by what he is to guide himself in the freedom he is conscious of within him. He asks that, and God by the mouth of the Church He has established, gives him this reply:

¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹¯´Â´Ù: ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ Àüü ¼¼»óÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¸Àç ¾È¿¡ ¹«½¼ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼­ ÀǽÄÇÏ´Â ÀÚÀ¯ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÀεµÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡ ¹¯´Â´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¹¯´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼¼¿î ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀÔÀ¸·Î ±×¿¡°Ô ÀÌ·± ´ë´äÀ» ÁØ´Ù:

You want to know what this world is? It is this:

³Ê´Â ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¾Ë°í ½ÍÀº°¡? ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌ·¸´Ù:

There is one God, all-knowing, all-good, and almighty. He is simply a spirit, but He has will and reason. This God is one, and at the same time three. The Father begot a Son, and the Son is in the flesh, but sits at the right hand of His Father. The Holy Spirit proceeded from the Father. All three of them are God, and they are all different and are all one. This triune God had existed always, one in three, and suddenly thought of creating the world, and He made it out of nothing by His thought, wish, and word. He first created a spiritual world of angels. The angels were created good and God created them solely for their own happiness, but having been created good these beings suddenly, of themselves, became wicked. Some of them remained good, others turned wicked and became devils. God created very many angels and divided them into nine ranks and three orders: Angels, Archangels, Cherubim, Seraphim, Hosts, Rulers, Authorities, Powers, and Thrones. The devils are also divided into ranks, but the names of these ranks are not precisely known.

ÀüÁö, Àü¼±, Àü´ÉÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿µÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ÀÇÁö¿Í À̼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀº Çϳª´Ù, ±×¸®°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼ÂÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ¾ÆµéÀ» ³º¾ÒÀ¸´Ï, ±× ¾ÆµéÀº À°½ÅÀ¸·Î ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¿ìÃø¿¡ ¾É´Â´Ù. ¼º·ÉÀÌ ¾Æ¹öÁö·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¾Æ¿Â´Ù. ±×µé ¼Â ¸ðµÎ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ´Ù¸£¸ç ¸ðµÎ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ »ïÀ§ ÀÏüÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á¸ÀçÇßÀ¸¸ç, »ïÀ§·Î¼­ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í °©Àڱ⠼¼»óÀ» âÁ¶ÇÒ »ý°¢À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ »ý°¢, Èñ¸Á, ±×¸®°í ¸»¾¸À» °¡Áö°í ¹«¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ±×°ÍÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ÕÀú ¿µÀûÀΠõ»çµéÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. õ»çµéÀº ¼±ÇÏ°Ô Ã¢Á¶µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Çϳª´ÔÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇູÀ» À§Çؼ­ ±×µéÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¼±ÇÏ°Ô Ã¢Á¶µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, À̵é Á¸ÀçµéÀº °©ÀÚ±â, ÀúÀý·Î, »ç¾ÇÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ÀϺδ ¼±ÇÑ »óÅ·Π³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ´Ù¸¥ Á¸ÀçµéÀº »ç¾ÇÇÏ°Ô º¯ÇÏ¿© ¾Ç¸¶µéÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀº ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº õ»çµéÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×µéÀ» ¾ÆÈ© °è±Þ°ú ¼¼°¡Áö ¼­¿­·Î ³ª´©¾ú´Ù: õ»ç¡¤´ëõ»ç¡¤¼¼¶óÇË[ö¿ù¡ô¸ÞÅ]¡¤ÄÉ·çºö[òªù¡ô¸ÞÅ], ¿ªÇ°(Õôù¡)õ»ç¡¤´Éǰ(Òöù¡)õ»ç¡¤±Çǰ(Ïíù¡)õ»ç¡¤ÁÖǰ(ñ«ù¡)õ»ç¡¤ÁÂǰ(ñ¨ù¡)õ»ç. ¾Ç¸¶µé ¶ÇÇÑ °è±ÞÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î Á³Áö¸¸, ÀÌµé °è±ÞÀÇ À̸§µéÀº Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

Then much time passed and God again began to create, and made the material world. He made it in six days. A day must be understood as the time during which the earth turns on its axis. There was a morning and an evening for the first day. If there was no sun during the first days, God Himself shook the illuminatory matter that there might be a morning and an evening. God worked at creation during six days, and on the sixth He created Adam, the first man, out of earth, and breathed a soul into him; then he made a woman. Man was created with soul and body and his destiny was to remain faithful to God's power. He was created good and quite perfect, and his whole duty was to refrain from eating a forbidden fruit. Besides having created him perfect God helped him in every way- teaching him, giving him pleasure, and visiting him in the garden. But in spite of that, Adam ate the forbidden fruit, and for that the merciful God re¡©venged Himself on Adam, drove him out of para¡©dise, and cursed him and all his descendants and the whole earth.

±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ È帣°í, Çϳª´ÔÀº ´Ù½Ã âÁ¶Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¹°Áú ¼¼°è¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» À°ÀÏ ¸¸¿¡ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÇÏ·ç´Â Áö±¸°¡ ±× ÃàÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ȸÀüÇÏ´Â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ½Ã°£À¸·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ù³¯¿¡ ¾ÆÄ§°ú Àú³áÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ºûÀÌ ³ª´Â ¹°ÁúÀ» Èçµé¾î¼­ ¾ÆÄ§°ú Àú³áÀÌ ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀº À°ÀÏ µ¿¾È âÁ¶ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í À° Àϰ¿¡ ±×´Â ¾Æ´ã, ù¹øÂ° »ç¶÷À» ÁøÈëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Ã¢Á¶ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×¿¡°Ô ¿µÀ» ºÒ¾î ³Ö¾ú´Ù; ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ±×´Â ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ¿µÈ¥°ú À°Ã¼·Î âÁ¶µÇ¾ú´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±Ç´É¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¼±ÇÏ°Ô Ã¢Á¶µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ¸Å¿ì ¿Ïº®ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ Àüü Àǹ«´Â ±ÝÁöµÈ ¿­¸Å¸¦ ¸Ô´Â °ÍÀ» Âü´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¸¦ ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô Ã¢Á¶ÇÏ¿´À» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çϳª´ÔÀº ±×¸¦ ¿©·¯¸ð·Î µµ¿Í ÁÖ¾ú´Ù-±×µé °¡¸£Ä¡°í, Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ÁÖ¸ç, µ¿»ê¿¡¼­ ±×µé ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ¾Æ´ãÀº ±ÝÁöµÈ ¿­¸Å¸¦ ¸Ô¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ÀÚºñ·Î¿î Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´ã¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ º¹¼ö¸¦ ÇÏ¿´°í, ±×µé ³«¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÂÑ¾Æ ³»¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç Èļյé°ú ¶¥ Àüü¸¦ ÀúÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù.

All this has to be understood not in some meta¡©phorical sense but in its literal meaning, as having actually occurred.

ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ºñÀ¯ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̷μ­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀϾ´ø °Íó·³, ±× Á÷¼³ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̷ΠÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

After that God, this same God in three persons, all-knowing, all-good, and almighty, having created Adam and cursed him and all his progeny, still continued to provide for-that is to care for-the welfare of Adam and his progeny and all created beings. He preserved His creatures, co-operated with them, and ruled over them one and all.

±× ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀº ÈÄ, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ, »ïÀ§·Î Á¸ÀçÇϰí, ÀüÁö, Àü¼±, Àü´ÉÇÑ, ÀÌ¿Í ¶È °°Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÌ, ¾Æ´ãÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ°í ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÈļյéÀ» ÀúÁÖÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ¾Æ´ã°ú ±×ÀÇ Èļհú âÁ¶µÈ ¸ðµç Á¸ÀçµéÀÇ ÇູÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÁغñÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù, Áï, °ü½ÉÀ» ½ñ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°¡ ±×ÀÇ ÇÇÁ¶¹°µéÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ¿´°í, ±×µé°ú Çù·ÂÇϸç, ±×µé ¸ðµÎ À§¿¡ ±º¸²Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

This God directed and directs the good and bad angels and the good and bad men. The angels also assist God in ruling the world: there are angels attached to kingdoms, to nations, and to indivi¡©duals. And God the all-knowing, almighty, and ever-beneficent, having created them all, cast down a multitude of bad angels for ever and cursed all men because of Adam, but did not cease to care for all men and to do so in natural and even in super¡©natural ways.

ÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¼±ÇÑ Ãµ»ç¿Í ¾ÇÇÑ Ãµ»ç ±×¸®°í ¼±ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°ú ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À̲ø¾úÀ¸¸ç, À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Ù. õ»çµéµµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¼¼»óÀ» Áö¹èÇÔ¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀ» µ½°í ÀÖ´Ù: ¿Õ±¹µé¿¡, ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡, ±×¸®°í °³Àε鿡°Ô ÁöÁ¤µÈ õ»çµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀüÁö, Àü´ÉÇϸç, ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ÀÚºñ·Î¿î Çϳª´ÔÀÌ, ±×µé ¸ðµÎ¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÏ°í ³ª¼­, ¾öû³ª°Ô ¸¹Àº ¾ÇÇÑ Ãµ»çµéÀ» ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ÂѾƹö·ÈÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ´ã ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀúÁÖ ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô µ¹º¸´Â °Í°ú, ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±×·¸°Ô µ¹º¸´Â °ÍÀ» ÁßÁöÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

The supernatural way of caring for men was that when five thousand years had passed He found a method of repaying Himself for Adam's sin (He who had Himself made Adam such as he was). The method was thus: Among the persons of the Trinity was the Son. He, that person, had always been the Son. This Son was born of a virgin with¡©out infringing her virginity: the Holy Ghost entered the Virgin Mary as her husband, and the Son, Christ, emerged. This Son was called Jesus, and He was God, and a man, and a person of the Trinity. And this God-man saved mankind. This is the way He saved it: He was a prophet, a high priest, and a king. As a prophet He gave them a new law, as high priest He offered Himself up in sacrifice by dying on a cross, and as a king He per¡©formed miracles and descended into hell, released all the righteous who were there, and destroyed sin, the curse, and death in men. But this method, powerful as it was, did not save everybody. A multitude of devils still remained devils, and to avail themselves of that means of salvation men have to do it skillfully.

»ç¶÷µéÀ» µ¹º¸±â À§ÇÑ ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº, ¿Àõ³âÀÌ Áö³µÀ» ¶§, ±×´Â ¾Æ´ãÀÇ Á˸¦ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °±À» ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù(½º½º·Î ¾Æ´ãÀ» ÀÚ½Åó·³ ¸¸µç ±×°¡). ±× ¹æ¹ýÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÏ´Ù: »ïÀ§ ÀÏüÀÇ À§ Áß¿¡´Â ¾ÆµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â, ±× À§´Â, ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¾ÆµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÆµéÀÌ Ã³³à·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×³àÀÇ Ã³³à¼ºÀ» °Çµå¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ž´Ù: ¼º·ÉÀÌ ¼º³à ¸¶¸®¾Æ¿¡°Ô ³²ÆíÀ¸·Î¼­ µé¾î°¬À¸¸ç, ¾ÆµéÀÎ, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÆµéÀ» ¿¹¼ö¶ó ºÒ·¶´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, »ç¶÷À̸ç, »ïÀ§ ÀÏüÀÇ ÇÑ À§¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ Çϳª´Ô-»ç¶÷ÀÌ Àηù¸¦ ±¸Çß´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ±×°¡ Àηù¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù: ±×´Â ¼±ÁöÀÚ¸ç, ´ëÁ¦»çÀå, ±×¸®°í ¿ÕÀ̾ú´Ù. ¼±ÁöÀڷμ­ ±×´Â ±×µé¿¡°Ô »õ·Î¿î À²¹ýÀ» ÁÖ¾ú°í, ´ëÁ¦»çÀåÀ¸·Î¼­ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡¼­ Á×À½À¸·Î½á ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Èñ»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ÕÀ¸·Î¼­ ±×´Â ±âÀûÀ» ÇàÇÏ¿´°í Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î ³»·Á°¡¼­ ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¸ðµç ÀÇÀεéÀ» ÇØ¹æ½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç, »ç¶÷µé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁË, ÀúÁÖ, ±×¸®°í »ç¸ÁÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº, ºñ·Ï °­·ÂÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷À» ±¸ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ¹«¼öÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ¾Ç¸¶µéÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¾Ç¸¶·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±¸¿øÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ´É¼÷ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù.

To avail himself of that means a man must be sanctified, and only the Church can sanctify him; and the Church is that body of men who say about themselves that certain men have laid their hands on men on whom the hands of other men have been laid, and so on till we reach those on whom were laid the hands of the pupils of the God Jesus Him¡©self, on whom the Saviour, God the Son Himself, had laid His hands. And when laying on hands, God Himself breathed on them and by that act of breathing gave to them and to all to whom they might transmit it the power to sanctify men, and that same sanctification is necessary in order to be saved. This which saves is called grace; it sanctifies and saves a man, and it is a divine power transmitted in certain ceremonies by the Church. That this blessing should be efficacious it is necessary that the man who wishes to be sanctified should believe that he is being sanctified. He may even not quite believe it, but must obey the Church and above all not contradict, then grace will be trans¡©mitted. In his life the man sanctified by grace must not think, as he had thought before, that if he does right it is because he wished to do right; he must think that if he does anything right it is because grace operates in him, and so he must only be care¡©ful to have that grace in him. That grace is trans¡©mitted by the Church by various manipulations and by pronouncing certain words which are called sacraments. There are seven such manipulations.

±×·¯ÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¤È­µÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±³È¸¸¸ÀÌ ±×¸¦ Á¤È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù; ±³È¸´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñ°í, ±× À§¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñ°í, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±Ã±Ø¿¡´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé À§¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÎ ¿¹¼ö ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ ¼ÕÀÌ ¾ñÈ÷°í, ±× À§¿¡, ±¸¼¼ÁÖÀÎ, Çϳª´Ô ¾Æµé ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñ¾ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â ±×·± »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹«¸®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñÀ» ¶§, Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô È£ÈíÀ» ºÒ¾î ³Ö°í, ¹Ù·Î ±×·± È£ÈíÀÇ ÇàÀ§·Î¼­ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ±×¸®°í ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á¤È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç´ÉÀ» ¹°·Á ÁÖ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±¸¿ø ¹Þ±â À§Çؼ­ ±×¿Í ¶È °°Àº Á¤È­°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±¸¿øÇÏ´Â À̰ÍÀº ÀºÇý¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù; ±×°ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷À» Á¤È­½ÃŰ°í ±¸¿øÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ±³È¸ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ÀÇ½Äµé ¾È¿¡¼­ Àü¼öµÇ´Â ½Å¼ºÇÑ ±Ç´ÉÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃູÀÌ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ±â À§Çؼ­ Á¤È­°¡ µÇ°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á¤È­µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ±×·¸°Ô Àý½ÇÈ÷ ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» Áöµµ ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸ ±³È¸¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¹Ý´ë¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¸é ÀºÇý°¡ Àü¼öµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ ÀºÇý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Á¤È­µÈ »ç¶÷Àº, ±×°¡ ÀÌÀü¿¡ »ý°¢ÇÏ´ø °Íó·³, ±×°¡ ¼±À» ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ±×°¡ ¼±À» ÇàÇϱâ À§Çؼ­¶ó°í »ý°¢Çؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù; ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¾î¶² ¼±À» ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀºÇý ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¹Ýµå½Ã »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×ÀÇ ¾È¿¡ ±×·± ÀºÇý¸¦ °¡Áöµµ·Ï ¿°·ÁÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·± ÀºÇý´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Á¶À۵鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±×¸®°í ¼º»ç(á¡ÞÀ)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¸»µéÀ» ¿Ü¿ì¸é¼­ ±³È¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Àü¼öµÈ´Ù. Àϰö °¡ÁöÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¶ÀÛµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

1. Baptism. When a priest of the Church bathes someone properly, that person becomes cleansed from all sin and above all from the original sin of Adam. If an unbaptized infant dies, being full of sins, it perishes.

1. ¼¼·Ê. ±³È¸ÀÇ »çÁ¦°¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À» ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¹°¿¡ ´ã±×¸é, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ¸ðµç Á˷κÎÅÍ, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¾Æ´ãÀÇ ¿øÁ˷κÎÅÍ ±ú²ýÇØÁø´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¼¼·Ê ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ À¯¾Æ°¡ Á×À¸¸é, ÁË·Î °¡µæ Â÷ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¼Ò¸êµÈ´Ù.

2. When a man is smeared with oil the Holy Ghost enters into him.

2. »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±â¸§À» ¹Ù¸£¸é ¼º·ÉÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô µé¾î °£´Ù.

3. When he eats bread and drinks wine under certain conditions and with the conviction that he is eating the body and drinking the blood of God, he becomes cleansed from sin and receives eternal life. (In general there is a lot of grace connected with this sacrament, and as quickly as possible after it has been received one should pray, and then, as a result of the blessing, the prayer will be heard according to the grace.)

3. ±×°¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­ »§À» ¸Ô°í Æ÷µµÁÖ¸¦ ¸¶½Ã¸ç ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸öÀ» ¸ÔÀ¸¸ç, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÇǸ¦ ¸¶½Å´Ù´Â È®½ÅÀ» °¡Áö¸é, ±×´Â ÁË¿¡¼­ ±ú²ýÇØÁö¸ç ¿µ¿øÇÑ »ý¸íÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·± ¼º»ç¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¸¹Àº ÀºÇýµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÞÀº µÚ °¡´ÉÇÑ »¡¸® ±âµµ¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­, ÃູÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­, ±âµµÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀºÇý¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)

4. When a priest has heard a man¡¯s sins and says certain words, the sins are gone.

4. ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á˵éÀ» µè°í¼­ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¸»À» ÇØÁÖ¸é, ±× Á˵éÀº »ç¶óÁø´Ù.

5. When seven priests smear a man with oil his bodily and spiritual maladies are cured.

5. Àϰö ¸íÀÇ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À» ±â¸§À¸·Î ¹Ù¸£¸é ±×ÀÇ À°Ã¼Àû Á¤½ÅÀû Áúº´Àº Ä¡À¯µÈ´Ù.

6. When wreaths are put on a bridal couple, grace enters into them.

6. ȭȯÀÌ ½Å¶û ½ÅºÎ¿¡°Ô °É·ÁÁö¸é, ÀºÇý°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô µé¾î°£´Ù.

7. When hands are laid on, the gift of the Holy Ghost enters a man.

7. ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñÀ¸¸é, ¼º·ÉÀÇ ´É·ÂÀÌ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô µé¾î°£´Ù.

Baptism, anointing, confession, and receiving the eucharist sanctify a man, and do so always in¡©dependently of the spiritual condition of the priest or the recipient of the sacrament, if only it is all done duly and there is no ground for its cassation.

¼¼·Ê, ±â¸§ºÎÀ½, °í¹é, ±×¸®°í ¼ºÂù½ÄÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷À» Á¤È­Çϸç, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¼ø¼­´ë·Î Ä¡·ç¾î Áö°í ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄ±âÇÒ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ³ª ¼º»ç¸¦ ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÀûÀÎ »óÅÂ¿Í °ü°è ¾øÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù.

In these manipulations lie the means of redemp¡©tion which God has devised. He who believes that he is sanctified and cleansed and will receive eternal life, is actually sanctified and cleansed and will have eternal life. All those who believe in this receive a reward, first a personal one immediately after death, and later a general one after the end of the world. The believers' personal reward is that they will be glorified on earth and in heaven. On earth their relics and icons will be honored with incense and candles, and in heaven they will be with Christ in His glory. But before attaining this they will pass through aerial spaces where they will be stopped and questioned by angels and devils who will contend for them. Those for whom the angels' defence is stronger than the accusations of the devils, will reach paradise, but those whom the devils win will go into eternal torments in hell. The righteous, those who go to paradise, will there occupy various positions and those who are nearer to the Trinity will be able there in paradise to pray for us to God, and so here we must worship their relics, their garments, and their icons. These objects work miracles and we should say our prayers to God near them, and then the righteous up there will plead for us. Sinners-all heretics, the un-baptized people, the unbelievers, and those who do not receive the eucharist-will go to hell, to the devils, but they will occupy different places there according to the degree of their guilt, and they will be there till the end of the world. The prayers of priests, especially if uttered immediately after the eucharist, may mitigate their condition in hell.

ÀÌ·± Á¶ÀÛµé ¾È¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ °í¾ÈÇÑ ±¸¿øÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á¤È­µÇ°í ±ú²ýÇØÁö¸ç, ¿µ¿øÇÑ »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷Àº ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¤È­µÇ¸ç ±ú²ýÇØÁö°í ¿µ¿øÇÑ »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº º¸»óÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ¸ÕÀú Á×Àº µÚ Áï½Ã °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ °Í, ±×¸®°í µÚ¿¡ ¼¼»óÀÌ ³¡³­ µÚ¿¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¹Ï´Â ÀÚµéÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ º¸»óÀº ¶¥ À§¿¡¼­ ±×¸®°í Çϴÿ¡¼­ ¿µ±¤À» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶¥ À§¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÇ À¯¹°µé°ú ¼º»óµéÀÌ ºÐÇâ°ú Ãкҷμ­ °æÀǸ¦ ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, Çϴÿ¡¼­´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í ÇÔ²² ±×ÀÇ ¿µ±¤¿¡ ÇÔ²²ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀ» ¾ò±â Àü¿¡ ±×µéÀº °ø°£À» Áö³¯ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ¸ØÃ߾ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¸Â¼­´Â õ»çµé°ú ¾Ç¸¶µé¿¡°Ô ½É¹®À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. õ»çµéÀÇ ¹æ¾î°¡ ¾Ç¸¶µéÀÇ ºñ³­ º¸´Ùµµ °­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ³«¿ø¿¡ µµÂøÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¾Ç¸¶°¡ À̱â´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Áö¿Á¿¡¼­ ¿µ¿øÇÑ °íÅëÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³«¿ø¿¡ °¡´Â ÀÇ·Î¿î »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯°¡Áö ÁöÀ§µéÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í »ïÀ§ ÀÏü¿¡ ´õ °¡±îÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°÷ ³«¿ø¿¡¼­ Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸®¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ±âµµ¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©±â¼­ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×µéÀÇ À¯¹°µé, ±×µéÀÇ ÀǺ¹µé, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¼º»óµéÀ» ¼þ¹èÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹°°ÇµéÀº ±âÀûÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°Íµé ±Ùó¿¡¼­ Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âµµ¸¦ µå·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¸é Àú À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÇÀεéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁËÀεé-¸ðµç ÀÌ´ÜÀÚµé, ¼¼·Ê ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ »ç¶÷µé, ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé, ±×¸®°í ¼ºÃ¼¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé-Àº Áö¿Á¿¡, ¾Ç¸¶¿¡°Ô °¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÁËÀÇ Á¤µµ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚ¸®µéÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ¼¼»ó ¸¶Áö¸·±îÁö ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ ±âµµµéÀº, ƯÈ÷ ¼ºÂù½Ä ÈÄ¿¡ Áï½Ã ÇàÇØÁø´Ù¸é, Áö¿Á¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀÇ »óŸ¦ ¿ÏÈ­½Ãų °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

But there is also to be an end of the world and a general judgement. The end of the world will be like this: One of the persons of the Trinity, the God Jesus who is sitting in fleshly form on the clouds at the right hand of the Father, will come down to earth in the human form in which He lived here. Angels will blow trumpets and all the dead will rise in their own bodies, but those bodies will be slightly changed. Then all the angels and devils, and all men, will be gathered together and Christ will judge them. The righteous will be set apart on the right hand: they and the angels will go to paradise. The sinners will be put on the left hand: they and the devils will go to hell and will there be tor¡©mented for ever with torments worse than burning. These torments will be everlasting. But the righteous will for ever glorify God's mercy.

±×·¯³ª ¶ÇÇÑ ¼¼»óÀÇ ³¡°ú ÀüüÀÇ ½ÉÆÇÀÌ ¿¹Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·Àº ÀÌ¿Í °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù: »ïÀ§ ÀÏü ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ À§ÀÎ, Çϳª´Ô ¿¹¼ö°¡ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¿À¸¥ ÂÊ¿¡ ±¸¸§ À§¿¡¼­ À°½ÅÀÇ Çüü¸¦ ÇÏ°í¼­ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù°¡, ±×°¡ À̰÷¿¡¼­ »ì¾Ò´ø Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ÇÏ°í¼­ Áö»ó¿¡ ³»·Á ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù. õ»çµéÀÌ ³ªÆÈÀ» ºÒ°í ¸ðµç Á×Àº ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¸öÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀϾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ ½ÅüµéÀº ¾à°£ º¯ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¶§ ¸ðµç õ»çµé°ú ¾Ç¸¶µé, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇÔ²² ¸ðÀÌ°í ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ±×µéÀ» ½ÉÆÇÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÇ·Î¿î »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿À¸¥ Æí¿¡ ºÐ¸®µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ±×µé°ú õ»çµéÀº ³«¿ø¿¡ °£´Ù. ÁËÀεéÀº ¿Þ Æí¿¡ ¼­°Ô µÈ´Ù: ±×µé°ú ¾Ç¸¶µéÀº Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î °£´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ºÒ¿¡ Ÿ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ Áöµ¶ÇÑ °íÅëÀ¸·Î ¿µ¿øÈ÷ °íÅë ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °íÅëµéÀº ¿µ¿øÈ÷ Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÇ·Î¿î »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿µ¿øÈ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÚºñ¸¦ Âù¾çÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

In reply to my question, what meaning has my life in this world?-the answer is:

³ªÀÇ Àǹ®, ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ³ªÀÇ »îÀº ¹«½¼ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö´Â°¡? ¿¡ ´ë´äÇÏÀÚ¸é, -±× ´ë´äÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°´Ù:

God, for a whim, created a strange sort of world. An absurd God-half man, half monster-created the world as He wished it, and such a man as He pleased, and kept saying that it was good, that it was all good, and that man was good. But it all turned out very bad. The man and all his progeny fell under a curse, but the good God continued to create men in the wombs of their mothers knowing that they all, or many of them, would perish. And after He had devised a means of saving them, things remained the same, or even worse: for pre¡©viously, as the Church tells us, men could, like Abraham and Jacob, save themselves by their good lives, while now, if I am born a Jew or a Buddhist and do not happen to come under the sanctifying action of the Church, I shall certainly perish and be eternally tormented by the devils. More than that, even if I am one of the lucky ones, but have the misfortune to consider the demands of my reason legitimate and do not renounce them in order to believe the Church teaching, I too must perish. And besides, even if I believe it all but have had no time to receive the last eucharist, and my relations absent-mindedly omit to have prayers said for me, I may still go to hell and remain there.

Çϳª´ÔÀº, º¯´ö½º·´°Ôµµ, ÀÌ»óÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¼¼»óÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÄ¡¿¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â Çϳª´Ô-¹ÝÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ¸ç ¹ÝÀº ±«¹°-Àº ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·ÎÀÇ ¼¼»ó°ú ±×°¡ º¸±â¿¡ Áñ°Å¿î ´ë·ÎÀÇ »ç¶÷À» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ¼¼»óÀº ÁÁÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ¸¸ç, »ç¶÷µµ ¼±ÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô º¯Çß´Ù. ±× »ç¶÷°ú ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÈļյéÀº ÀúÁÖ¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª ¼±ÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼­, ±×µéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ°¡, ¶Ç´Â ±×µé Áß ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼Ò¸êµÉ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸é¼­µµ, ±×µéÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏµéÀÇ Àڱà ¾È¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀ» ±¸¿øÇÒ ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» °í¾ÈÇÑ µÚ¿¡µµ, »óȲÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °°¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ´Ï ½ÉÁö¾î ´õ ¾ÇÇØÁ³´Ù: ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ÀÌÀü¿¡, ±³È¸°¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¹Ù, »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀ̳ª ¾ß°öó·³, ±×µéÀÇ ¼±ÇÑ »îµéÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Áö±ÝÀº, ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ À¯ÅÂÀÎÀ̳ª ºÒ±³ÀÎÀ¸·Î ÅÂ¾î ³µÀ¸¸ç ±³È¸ÀÇ Á¤È­ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â Ʋ¸² ¾øÀÌ ¼Ò¸êµÉ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ¾Ç¸¶µé¿¡°Ô °íÅë ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±× »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ºñ·Ï ³»°¡ ±×µé ¿î ÁÁÀº »ç¶÷µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¶ó°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ³ªÀÇ À̼ºÀÇ ¸í·ÉµéÀ» ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â ºÒ¿îÀ» °¡Áö°í¼­ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Ï±â À§Çؼ­ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹ö¸®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ³ª ¿ª½Ã ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼Ò¸êµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ºñ·Ï ³»°¡ ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´õ¶óµµ ¸¶Áö¸· ¼ºÂù½ÄÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ±âȸ¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ³ªÀÇ Ä£Ã´µé¿¡°Ô ³ª¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±âµµ¸¦ ÇàÇØ ´Þ¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æ½ÉÇÏ¿© ºüÆ®¸®¸é, ³ª´Â ¿ª½Ã Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î °¡¼­ ±×°÷¿¡ ¸Ó¹°°Ô µÈ´Ù.

The meaning of my life according to this teach¡©ing is an utter absurdity, incomparably worse than what presented itself to me by the light of my unaided reason. Then I saw that I am alive and as long as I live I enjoy life, and that when I die I shall no longer feel anything. Then I was frightened by the senselessness of my personal life and the insolubility of the question: What are my efforts and my life for, since it will all end? But now it is still worse: it will not all end-all this is senselessness, this caprice of someone's, will continue for ever.

ÀÌ·± °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é ³ªÀÇ »îÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¸» ±×´ë·Î ºÎÁ¶¸®ÀÌ´Ù, ³ªÀÇ µµ¿ò ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀº À̼ºÀÇ ºû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ³»°Ô ¶°¿À¸¥ °Íº¸´Ù ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù. ±×¶§ ³ª´Â ³»°¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³»°¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ³ª´Â »îÀ» Áñ±â¸ç, ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ Á×À» ¶§ ³ª´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ´À³¢Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¶§ ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔ¿¡ ±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Àǹ®À» Ç®Áö ¸øÇÔ¿¡ ³î¶ú´Ù: °á±¹ ³¡ÀÌ ³¯ °ÍÀε¥, ³ªÀÇ ³ë·Âµé°ú ³ªÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ ±×°ÍÀº ´õ¿í ¾î·Á¿öÁ³´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº ³¡³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù-ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀÌ´Ù, ´©±º°¡ÀÇ ÀÌ·± º¯´öÀº ¿µ¿øÈ÷ °è¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

To the question as to how I should live, the reply given by this teaching also contradicts all that my moral feelings require, and demands what has always seemed to me most immoral-namely, hypocrisy. From all the moral applications of the dogmas only this emerges: save yourself by faith. If you cannot understand what you are told to believe, say that you believe it. With all the strength of your soul suppress the demand for light and truth: say that you believe, and do what results from that belief The matter is plain. In spite of all provisos that for some reason it is necessary to do good works and to follow Christ's teaching about love, meekness, humility, and self-sacrifice, it is evident that those deeds are not necessary, and the life of believers confirms this. Logic is inexorable. What is the use of works when I am redeemed by the death of a God, when even my future sins are all redeemed, and when it is only necessary to believe? And how can I struggle and strive towards goodness-which I formerly understood to consist in good deeds alone-when the chief dogma of the faith is that man can of himself do nothing, but all is done of itself by grace? It is only necessary to seek for grace; but grace is not obtained by me alone, it is imparted to me by others. Even if I have not time to become sanctified by grace during my life¡©time there is a way to avail myself of it after death. I can leave money to the Church and I shall be prayed for. All that is asked of me is that I should seek for grace. But grace is given by the sacraments and the prayers of the Church, so I must fly to it and place myself so as never to be deprived of them. I must have priests around me, or live in a monastery, and leave as much money as possible for prayers for my soul. More than that, having insured myself for the future life I may calmly enjoy this one, and for this life make use of those instru¡©ments which the Church offers me, praying to the providence of God for aid in my worldly affairs in the ways indicated to me to make these prayers most efficacious. Prayers are more efficacious when uttered near to icons and relics and during a religious service.

³ª´Â ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®¿¡¼­, ÀÌ·± °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ÁÖ´Â ´ë´ä ¿ª½Ã ³ªÀÇ ¸ðµç µµ´öÀû ´À³¦ÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ¸ç, ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾ðÁ¦³ª ºñµµ´öÀûÀ̶ó°í ´À²¸Áö´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù-Áï, À§¼±ÀÌ´Ù. ±× ±³¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç µµ´öÀûÀÎ Àû¿ëµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ÀÁ÷ À̰ÍÀÌ ºÒ°ÅÁ® ³ª¿Â´Ù: ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±¸Ç϶ó. ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹ÏÀ¸¶ó°í µéÀº °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í ¸»Ç϶ó. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¿µÀÇ ¸ðµç ÈûÀ¸·Î ºû°ú Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í·ÉÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Ç϶ó: ´ç½ÅÀº ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í ¸»Ç϶ó, ±×¸®°í ±× ¹ÏÀ½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇ϶ó. ¹®Á¦´Â ´Ü¼øÇÏ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­µç°¡, ¼±ÇÑ ÀϵéÀ» ÇàÇÏ°í »ç¶û, ¿ÂÀ¯ÇÔ, °â¼Õ, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ±â Èñ»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» µû¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ¸ðµç Á¶°Çµé¿¡ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ±×·± ÇàÀ§µéÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀº À̰ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÔÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. ³í¸®´Â ºÒº¯ÀÌ´Ù. ³»°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Á×À½À¸·Î ±¸¿ø ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹Ï±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é µÉ »ÓÀε¥, ¾÷ÀûµéÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀΰ¡,? ±×¸®°í ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ±³¸®´Â »ç¶÷Àº ½º½º·Î ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ÀºÇý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀúÀý·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¶§¿¡, ³»°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼±-À̰ÍÀº ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼±ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé·Î¼­ ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù°í ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù-À» ÇâÇÏ¿© ÅõÀïÇÏ°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀºÇý¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀºÇý´Â ³ª È¥ÀÚ ¸¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±¸ÇØÁö´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù. ºñ·Ï ³»°¡ »ì¾Æ¼­ ÀºÇý·Î Á¤È­µÉ ½Ã°£À» °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ »çÈÄ¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â ±³È¸¿¡ µ·Àº ±âºÎÇÑ´Ù ±×·¯¸é ³ª¸¦ À§ÇØ ±âµµ ¹Þ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ³»°¡ ÀºÇý¸¦ ±¸ÇØ¾ß µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀºÇý´Â ¼º·Ê½Ä°ú ±³È¸ÀÇ ±âµµµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» °áÄÚ ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ±×°÷À¸·Î ¶Ù¾î°¡¼­ ÀÚ¸® Àâ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ³ªÀÇ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀ» ¸ð¼Å¾ß Çϰųª ¼öµµ¿ø¿¡ »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ ¿µÈ¥À» À§ÇÑ ±âµµ¸¦ À§Çؼ­ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ³²°Ü µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°Í »Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ »îÀÇ À§ÇØ ³ª¸¦ È®½ÇÈ÷ ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½, ³ª´Â Á¶¿ëÈ÷ À̰ÍÀ» Áñ±â¸ç, ÀÌ·± »îÀ» À§Çؼ­ ±³È¸°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ±×·± ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ̰í, ³ªÀÇ ¼¼»ó Àϵ鿡 ´ëÇØ µµ¿Í Áֽŵ¥ ´ëÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¼·¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ±âµµÇϸç, ÀÌ·± ±âµµµéÀÌ °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀ̵µ·Ï ¸¸µé±â À§Çؼ­ ³»°Ô °¡¸®ÄÑÁØ ¹æ¹ý´ë·Î ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±âµµµéÀº ¼º»óµéÀ̳ª À¯¹°µé ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ±×¸®°í Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ¿¹¹è ½Ã¿¡ ¸»ÇßÀ» ¶§ °¡Àå È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

And the answer to my question as to what I should do follows clearly from the teaching, and that answer is very well known to everyone and very coarsely contradicts one's conscience; but it is inescapable.

±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡¿¡ °üÇÑ ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ±× °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ´ë´äÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ °ÅÄ¥°Ô ¸ð¼øÀÌ µÈ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

I remember that when I did not yet doubt the Church teaching and read in the Gospel that 'Blasphemy against the son of man shall be for¡©given, but blasphemy against the Holy Spirit shall not be forgiven either in this world or in the world to come', I could not at all understand those words.

³»°¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀǽÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¼º¼­¿¡¼­ ¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµ¶Àº ¿ë¼­µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Áö¶óµµ, ¼º·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµ¶Àº ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­µµ Àú ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­µµ ¿ë¼­µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¡¯´Â °ÍÀ» ÀоúÀ» ¶§, ±×·± ¸»µéÀ» ÀüÇô ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù.

But now they are only too terribly clear to me. This is it-that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, which will not be forgiven either in this world or in the world to come.

±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ ±×°ÍµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ³Ê¹«³ª ¹«¼·°Ôµµ ³»°Ô ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù-¼º·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµ¶, ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­µµ Àú ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­µµ ¿ë¼­µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

That blasphemy is this terrible doctrine, the basis of which is the teaching about the Church.

±× ¸ðµ¶Àº ÀÌ·± ¹«¼­¿î ±³¸®À̸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ±âÃÊÀÌ´Ù.

¡¡

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