|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONCLUSION
OF
A CRITICISM OF DOGMATIC THEOLOGY
±³¸®Àû ½ÅÇÐ ºñÆòÀÇ °á·Ð |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
SO this is the full disclosure of the God-revealed truth.
Everything has been disclosed and there is nothing more, and it must not
be otherwise understood. He who understands it otherwise is anathema,
'without doubt he shall perish ever¡©lastingly'. |
±×·¯ÇϹǷÎ, À̰ÍÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¹àÈù Áø¸®ÀÇ Àüü
³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¹àÇô Á³°í, ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù,
±×¸®°í ´Þ¸® ÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ» ´Þ¸®
ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀúÁÖ ¹ÞÀº ÀÚÀÌ´Ù, ¡®ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áöµµ
¾øÀÌ ±×´Â ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ¼Ò¸êµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡¯ |
A man asks: What is this whole world in which I find myself? He asks
what sense there is in his existence and by what he is to guide himself in
the freedom he is conscious of within him. He asks that, and God by the
mouth of the Church He has established, gives him this reply: |
¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹¯´Â´Ù: ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ Àüü ¼¼»óÀº
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¸Àç ¾È¿¡ ¹«½¼ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö
±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ ÀǽÄÇÏ´Â ÀÚÀ¯ ¾È¿¡¼
¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÀεµÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡ ¹¯´Â´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ»
¹¯´Â´Ù, ±×¸®°í Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼¼¿î ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀÔÀ¸·Î
±×¿¡°Ô ÀÌ·± ´ë´äÀ» ÁØ´Ù: |
You want to know what this world is? It is this: |
³Ê´Â ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¾Ë°í ½ÍÀº°¡? ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌ·¸´Ù: |
There is one God, all-knowing, all-good, and almighty. He is simply a
spirit, but He has will and reason. This God is one, and at the same time
three. The Father begot a Son, and the Son is in the flesh, but sits at
the right hand of His Father. The Holy Spirit proceeded from the Father.
All three of them are God, and they are all different and are all one.
This triune God had existed always, one in three, and suddenly thought of
creating the world, and He made it out of nothing by His thought, wish,
and word. He first created a spiritual world of angels. The angels were
created good and God created them solely for their own happiness, but
having been created good these beings suddenly, of themselves, became
wicked. Some of them remained good, others turned wicked and became
devils. God created very many angels and divided them into nine ranks and
three orders: Angels, Archangels, Cherubim, Seraphim, Hosts, Rulers,
Authorities, Powers, and Thrones. The devils are also divided into ranks,
but the names of these ranks are not precisely known. |
ÀüÁö, Àü¼±, Àü´ÉÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â
´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿µÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ÀÇÁö¿Í À̼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀº Çϳª´Ù, ±×¸®°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼ÂÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡
¾ÆµéÀ» ³º¾ÒÀ¸´Ï, ±× ¾ÆµéÀº À°½ÅÀ¸·Î ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ
¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¿ìÃø¿¡ ¾É´Â´Ù. ¼º·ÉÀÌ ¾Æ¹öÁö·ÎºÎÅÍ
³ª¾Æ¿Â´Ù. ±×µé ¼Â ¸ðµÎ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº
¸ðµÎ ´Ù¸£¸ç ¸ðµÎ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ »ïÀ§ ÀÏüÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀº
¾ðÁ¦³ª Á¸ÀçÇßÀ¸¸ç, »ïÀ§·Î¼ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í °©ÀÚ±â
¼¼»óÀ» âÁ¶ÇÒ »ý°¢À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ »ý°¢,
Èñ¸Á, ±×¸®°í ¸»¾¸À» °¡Áö°í ¹«¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ±×°ÍÀ»
¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ÕÀú ¿µÀûÀΠõ»çµéÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
õ»çµéÀº ¼±ÇÏ°Ô Ã¢Á¶µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Çϳª´ÔÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µé
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇູÀ» À§Çؼ ±×µéÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×·¯³ª
¼±ÇÏ°Ô Ã¢Á¶µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, À̵é Á¸ÀçµéÀº °©ÀÚ±â, ÀúÀý·Î,
»ç¾ÇÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ÀϺδ ¼±ÇÑ »óÅ·Π³²¾Æ
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ´Ù¸¥ Á¸ÀçµéÀº »ç¾ÇÇÏ°Ô º¯ÇÏ¿© ¾Ç¸¶µéÀÌ
µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀº ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº õ»çµéÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç
±×µéÀ» ¾ÆÈ© °è±Þ°ú ¼¼°¡Áö ¼¿·Î ³ª´©¾ú´Ù: õ»ç¡¤´ëõ»ç¡¤¼¼¶óÇË[ö¿ù¡ô¸ÞÅ]¡¤ÄÉ·çºö[òªù¡ô¸ÞÅ],
¿ªÇ°(Õôù¡)õ»ç¡¤´Éǰ(Òöù¡)õ»ç¡¤±Çǰ(Ïíù¡)õ»ç¡¤ÁÖǰ(ñ«ù¡)õ»ç¡¤ÁÂǰ(ñ¨ù¡)õ»ç.
¾Ç¸¶µé ¶ÇÇÑ °è±ÞÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î Á³Áö¸¸, ÀÌµé °è±ÞÀÇ
À̸§µéÀº Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. |
Then much time passed and God again began to create, and made the
material world. He made it in six days. A day must be understood as the
time during which the earth turns on its axis. There was a morning and an
evening for the first day. If there was no sun during the first days, God
Himself shook the illuminatory matter that there might be a morning and an
evening. God worked at creation during six days, and on the sixth He
created Adam, the first man, out of earth, and breathed a soul into him;
then he made a woman. Man was created with soul and body and his destiny
was to remain faithful to God's power. He was created good and quite
perfect, and his whole duty was to refrain from eating a forbidden fruit.
Besides having created him perfect God helped him in every way- teaching
him, giving him pleasure, and visiting him in the garden. But in spite of
that, Adam ate the forbidden fruit, and for that the merciful God re¡©venged
Himself on Adam, drove him out of para¡©dise, and cursed him and all his
descendants and the whole earth. |
±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ È帣°í, Çϳª´ÔÀº ´Ù½Ã
âÁ¶Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¹°Áú ¼¼°è¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â
±×°ÍÀ» À°ÀÏ ¸¸¿¡ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÇÏ·ç´Â Áö±¸°¡ ±× ÃàÀ»
Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ȸÀüÇÏ´Â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ½Ã°£À¸·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. ù³¯¿¡ ¾ÆÄ§°ú Àú³áÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ
ºûÀÌ ³ª´Â ¹°ÁúÀ» Èçµé¾î¼ ¾ÆÄ§°ú Àú³áÀÌ ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Çϳª´ÔÀº À°ÀÏ µ¿¾È âÁ¶ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í À°
Àϰ¿¡ ±×´Â ¾Æ´ã, ù¹øÂ° »ç¶÷À» ÁøÈëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×¿¡°Ô ¿µÀ» ºÒ¾î ³Ö¾ú´Ù; ±×¸®°í ³ª¼
±×´Â ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ¿µÈ¥°ú À°Ã¼·Î
âÁ¶µÇ¾ú´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±Ç´É¿¡
Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¼±ÇÏ°Ô Ã¢Á¶µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç
¸Å¿ì ¿Ïº®ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ Àüü Àǹ«´Â ±ÝÁöµÈ
¿¸Å¸¦ ¸Ô´Â °ÍÀ» Âü´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¸¦ ¿Ïº®ÇϰÔ
âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´À» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çϳª´ÔÀº ±×¸¦ ¿©·¯¸ð·Î µµ¿Í
ÁÖ¾ú´Ù-±×µé °¡¸£Ä¡°í, Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ÁÖ¸ç, µ¿»ê¿¡¼ ±×µé
¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ¾Æ´ãÀº ±ÝÁöµÈ
¿¸Å¸¦ ¸Ô¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ÀÚºñ·Î¿î
Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´ã¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ º¹¼ö¸¦ ÇÏ¿´°í, ±×µé
³«¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÂÑ¾Æ ³»¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç Èļյé°ú
¶¥ Àüü¸¦ ÀúÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
All this has to be understood not in some meta¡©phorical sense but in
its literal meaning, as having actually occurred. |
ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ºñÀ¯ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̷μ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½ÇÁ¦·Î
ÀϾ´ø °Íó·³, ±× Á÷¼³ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̷ΠÀÌÇØµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
After that God, this same God in three persons, all-knowing, all-good,
and almighty, having created Adam and cursed him and all his progeny,
still continued to provide for-that is to care for-the welfare of Adam and
his progeny and all created beings. He preserved His creatures,
co-operated with them, and ruled over them one and all. |
±× ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀº ÈÄ, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ, »ïÀ§·Î Á¸ÀçÇϰí, ÀüÁö,
Àü¼±, Àü´ÉÇÑ, ÀÌ¿Í ¶È °°Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÌ, ¾Æ´ãÀ» âÁ¶Çϰí
±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÈļյéÀ» ÀúÁÖÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ
°è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ¾Æ´ã°ú ±×ÀÇ Èļհú âÁ¶µÈ ¸ðµç Á¸ÀçµéÀÇ
ÇູÀ» À§Çؼ ÁغñÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù, Áï, °ü½ÉÀ» ½ñ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×°¡ ±×ÀÇ ÇÇÁ¶¹°µéÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ¿´°í, ±×µé°ú Çù·ÂÇϸç,
±×µé ¸ðµÎ À§¿¡ ±º¸²Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. |
This God directed and directs the good and bad angels and the good and
bad men. The angels also assist God in ruling the world: there are angels
attached to kingdoms, to nations, and to indivi¡©duals. And God the
all-knowing, almighty, and ever-beneficent, having created them all, cast
down a multitude of bad angels for ever and cursed all men because of
Adam, but did not cease to care for all men and to do so in natural and
even in super¡©natural ways. |
ÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¼±ÇÑ Ãµ»ç¿Í ¾ÇÇÑ Ãµ»ç ±×¸®°í ¼±ÇÑ
»ç¶÷µé°ú ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À̲ø¾úÀ¸¸ç, À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Ù.
õ»çµéµµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¼¼»óÀ» Áö¹èÇÔ¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀ» µ½°í ÀÖ´Ù:
¿Õ±¹µé¿¡, ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡, ±×¸®°í °³Àε鿡°Ô ÁöÁ¤µÈ
õ»çµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀüÁö, Àü´ÉÇϸç, ¿µ¿øÈ÷
ÀÚºñ·Î¿î Çϳª´ÔÀÌ, ±×µé ¸ðµÎ¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÏ°í ³ª¼,
¾öû³ª°Ô ¸¹Àº ¾ÇÇÑ Ãµ»çµéÀ» ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ÂѾƹö·ÈÀ¸¸ç,
¾Æ´ã ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀúÁÖ ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô µ¹º¸´Â °Í°ú, ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î
ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±×·¸°Ô µ¹º¸´Â °ÍÀ» ÁßÁöÇÏÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. |
The supernatural way of caring for men was that when five thousand
years had passed He found a method of repaying Himself for Adam's sin (He
who had Himself made Adam such as he was). The method was thus: Among the
persons of the Trinity was the Son. He, that person, had always been the
Son. This Son was born of a virgin with¡©out infringing her virginity: the
Holy Ghost entered the Virgin Mary as her husband, and the Son, Christ,
emerged. This Son was called Jesus, and He was God, and a man, and a
person of the Trinity. And this God-man saved mankind. This is the way He
saved it: He was a prophet, a high priest, and a king. As a prophet He
gave them a new law, as high priest He offered Himself up in sacrifice by
dying on a cross, and as a king He per¡©formed miracles and descended into
hell, released all the righteous who were there, and destroyed sin, the
curse, and death in men. But this method, powerful as it was, did not save
everybody. A multitude of devils still remained devils, and to avail
themselves of that means of salvation men have to do it skillfully. |
»ç¶÷µéÀ» µ¹º¸±â À§ÇÑ ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº, ¿Àõ³âÀÌ
Áö³µÀ» ¶§, ±×´Â ¾Æ´ãÀÇ Á˸¦ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °±À» ¹æ¹ýÀ»
¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù(½º½º·Î ¾Æ´ãÀ» ÀÚ½Åó·³ ¸¸µç ±×°¡). ±×
¹æ¹ýÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÏ´Ù: »ïÀ§ ÀÏüÀÇ À§ Áß¿¡´Â ¾ÆµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
±×´Â, ±× À§´Â, ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¾ÆµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÆµéÀÌ
ó³à·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×³àÀÇ Ã³³à¼ºÀ» °Çµå¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ž´Ù:
¼º·ÉÀÌ ¼º³à ¸¶¸®¾Æ¿¡°Ô ³²ÆíÀ¸·Î¼ µé¾î°¬À¸¸ç,
¾ÆµéÀÎ, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÆµéÀ» ¿¹¼ö¶ó ºÒ·¶´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, »ç¶÷À̸ç, »ïÀ§ ÀÏüÀÇ ÇÑ
À§¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ Çϳª´Ô-»ç¶÷ÀÌ Àηù¸¦ ±¸Çß´Ù.
À̰ÍÀÌ ±×°¡ Àηù¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù: ±×´Â ¼±ÁöÀÚ¸ç,
´ëÁ¦»çÀå, ±×¸®°í ¿ÕÀ̾ú´Ù. ¼±ÁöÀڷμ ±×´Â ±×µé¿¡°Ô
»õ·Î¿î À²¹ýÀ» ÁÖ¾ú°í, ´ëÁ¦»çÀåÀ¸·Î¼ ½ÊÀÚ°¡¿¡¼
Á×À½À¸·Î½á ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Èñ»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í ¿ÕÀ¸·Î¼ ±×´Â
±âÀûÀ» ÇàÇÏ¿´°í Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î ³»·Á°¡¼ ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ¸ðµç
ÀÇÀεéÀ» ÇØ¹æ½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç, »ç¶÷µé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁË, ÀúÁÖ,
±×¸®°í »ç¸ÁÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº, ºñ·Ï
°·ÂÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷À» ±¸ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ¹«¼öÈ÷
¸¹Àº ¾Ç¸¶µéÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¾Ç¸¶·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±¸¿øÀÇ
¼ö´ÜÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ´É¼÷ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¾ß
Çß´Ù. |
To avail himself of that means a man must be sanctified, and only the
Church can sanctify him; and the Church is that body of men who say about
themselves that certain men have laid their hands on men on whom the hands
of other men have been laid, and so on till we reach those on whom were
laid the hands of the pupils of the God Jesus Him¡©self, on whom the
Saviour, God the Son Himself, had laid His hands. And when laying on
hands, God Himself breathed on them and by that act of breathing gave to
them and to all to whom they might transmit it the power to sanctify men,
and that same sanctification is necessary in order to be saved. This which
saves is called grace; it sanctifies and saves a man, and it is a divine
power transmitted in certain ceremonies by the Church. That this blessing
should be efficacious it is necessary that the man who wishes to be
sanctified should believe that he is being sanctified. He may even not
quite believe it, but must obey the Church and above all not contradict,
then grace will be trans¡©mitted. In his life the man sanctified by grace
must not think, as he had thought before, that if he does right it is
because he wished to do right; he must think that if he does anything
right it is because grace operates in him, and so he must only be care¡©ful
to have that grace in him. That grace is trans¡©mitted by the Church by
various manipulations and by pronouncing certain words which are called
sacraments. There are seven such manipulations. |
±×·¯ÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã
Á¤ÈµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ±³È¸¸¸ÀÌ ±×¸¦ Á¤È½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù;
±³È¸´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñ°í, ±×
À§¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñ°í, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±Ã±Ø¿¡´Â
ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé À§¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÎ ¿¹¼ö ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ
¼ÕÀÌ ¾ñÈ÷°í, ±× À§¿¡, ±¸¼¼ÁÖÀÎ, Çϳª´Ô ¾Æµé ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ
±×ÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñ¾ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â ±×·± »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹«¸®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñÀ» ¶§, Çϳª´Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô È£ÈíÀ»
ºÒ¾î ³Ö°í, ¹Ù·Î ±×·± È£ÈíÀÇ ÇàÀ§·Î¼ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ±×¸®°í
¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á¤È½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç´ÉÀ» ¹°·Á
ÁÖ¾ú´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±¸¿ø ¹Þ±â À§Çؼ ±×¿Í ¶È °°Àº Á¤È°¡
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±¸¿øÇÏ´Â À̰ÍÀº ÀºÇý¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù; ±×°ÍÀÌ
»ç¶÷À» Á¤È½ÃŰ°í ±¸¿øÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ±³È¸ÀÇ
ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÇ½Äµé ¾È¿¡¼ Àü¼öµÇ´Â ½Å¼ºÇÑ ±Ç´ÉÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃູÀÌ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ±â À§Çؼ Á¤È°¡ µÇ°í
½Í¾îÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á¤ÈµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â
°ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ±×·¸°Ô Àý½ÇÈ÷ ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÏÁö
¾ÊÀ» Áöµµ ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸ ±³È¸¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ
¹Ý´ë¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¸é ÀºÇý°¡ Àü¼öµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×ÀÇ »î¿¡¼ ÀºÇý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Á¤ÈµÈ »ç¶÷Àº, ±×°¡ ÀÌÀü¿¡
»ý°¢ÇÏ´ø °Íó·³, ±×°¡ ¼±À» ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ±×°¡ ¼±À»
ÇàÇϱâ À§Çؼ¶ó°í »ý°¢Çؼ´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù; ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¾î¶²
¼±À» ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ±× ¾È¿¡¼ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀºÇý
¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¹Ýµå½Ã »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
±×´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×ÀÇ ¾È¿¡ ±×·± ÀºÇý¸¦ °¡Áöµµ·Ï ¿°·ÁÇØ¾ß¸¸
ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·± ÀºÇý´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Á¶À۵鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ±×¸®°í
¼º»ç(á¡ÞÀ)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¸»µéÀ» ¿Ü¿ì¸é¼ ±³È¸¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ Àü¼öµÈ´Ù. Àϰö °¡ÁöÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¶ÀÛµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. |
1. Baptism. When a priest of the Church bathes someone properly, that
person becomes cleansed from all sin and above all from the original sin
of Adam. If an unbaptized infant dies, being full of sins, it
perishes. |
1. ¼¼·Ê. ±³È¸ÀÇ »çÁ¦°¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À» ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¹°¿¡
´ã±×¸é, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ¸ðµç Á˷κÎÅÍ, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ
¾Æ´ãÀÇ ¿øÁ˷κÎÅÍ ±ú²ýÇØÁø´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¼¼·Ê ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ
À¯¾Æ°¡ Á×À¸¸é, ÁË·Î °¡µæ Â÷ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¼Ò¸êµÈ´Ù. |
2. When a man is smeared with oil the Holy Ghost enters into him. |
2. »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±â¸§À» ¹Ù¸£¸é ¼º·ÉÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô µé¾î °£´Ù. |
3. When he eats bread and drinks wine under certain conditions and with
the conviction that he is eating the body and drinking the blood of God,
he becomes cleansed from sin and receives eternal life. (In general there
is a lot of grace connected with this sacrament, and as quickly as
possible after it has been received one should pray, and then, as a result
of the blessing, the prayer will be heard according to the grace.) |
3. ±×°¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼ »§À» ¸Ô°í Æ÷µµÁÖ¸¦ ¸¶½Ã¸ç
±×¸®°í ±×°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸öÀ» ¸ÔÀ¸¸ç, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÇǸ¦
¸¶½Å´Ù´Â È®½ÅÀ» °¡Áö¸é, ±×´Â ÁË¿¡¼ ±ú²ýÇØÁö¸ç
¿µ¿øÇÑ »ý¸íÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·± ¼º»ç¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ
¸¹Àº ÀºÇýµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÞÀº µÚ
°¡´ÉÇÑ »¡¸® ±âµµ¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ª¼, ÃູÀÇ
°á°ú·Î¼, ±âµµÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀºÇý¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹ÞÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.) |
4. When a priest has heard a man¡¯s sins and says certain words, the
sins are gone. |
4. ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á˵éÀ» µè°í¼ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¸»À»
ÇØÁÖ¸é, ±× Á˵éÀº »ç¶óÁø´Ù. |
5. When seven priests smear a man with oil his bodily and spiritual
maladies are cured. |
5. Àϰö ¸íÀÇ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À» ±â¸§À¸·Î ¹Ù¸£¸é
±×ÀÇ À°Ã¼Àû Á¤½ÅÀû Áúº´Àº Ä¡À¯µÈ´Ù. |
6. When wreaths are put on a bridal couple, grace enters into them. |
6. ÈȯÀÌ ½Å¶û ½ÅºÎ¿¡°Ô °É·ÁÁö¸é, ÀºÇý°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô
µé¾î°£´Ù. |
7. When hands are laid on, the gift of the Holy Ghost enters a man. |
7. ¼ÕÀ» ¾ñÀ¸¸é, ¼º·ÉÀÇ ´É·ÂÀÌ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô µé¾î°£´Ù. |
Baptism, anointing, confession, and receiving the eucharist sanctify a
man, and do so always in¡©dependently of the spiritual condition of the
priest or the recipient of the sacrament, if only it is all done duly and
there is no ground for its cassation. |
¼¼·Ê, ±â¸§ºÎÀ½, °í¹é, ±×¸®°í ¼ºÂù½ÄÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ
»ç¶÷À» Á¤ÈÇϸç, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¼ø¼´ë·Î Ä¡·ç¾î
Áö°í ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄ±âÇÒ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ³ª ¼º»ç¸¦
¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÀûÀÎ »óÅÂ¿Í °ü°è ¾øÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù. |
In these manipulations lie the means of redemp¡©tion which God has
devised. He who believes that he is sanctified and cleansed and will
receive eternal life, is actually sanctified and cleansed and will have
eternal life. All those who believe in this receive a reward, first a
personal one immediately after death, and later a general one after the
end of the world. The believers' personal reward is that
they will be glorified on earth and in heaven. On earth their relics and
icons will be honored with incense and candles, and in heaven they will be
with Christ in His glory. But before attaining this they will pass through
aerial spaces where they will be stopped and questioned by angels and
devils who will contend for them. Those for whom the angels' defence is
stronger than the accusations of the devils, will reach paradise, but
those whom the devils win will go into eternal torments in hell. The
righteous, those who go to paradise, will there occupy various positions
and those who are nearer to the Trinity will be able there in paradise to
pray for us to God, and so here we must worship their relics, their
garments, and their icons. These objects work miracles and we should say
our prayers to God near them, and then the righteous up there will plead
for us. Sinners-all heretics, the un-baptized people, the unbelievers, and
those who do not receive the eucharist-will go to hell, to the devils, but
they will occupy different places there according to the degree of their
guilt, and they will be there till the end of the world. The prayers of
priests, especially if uttered immediately after the eucharist, may
mitigate their condition in hell. |
ÀÌ·± Á¶ÀÛµé ¾È¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ °í¾ÈÇÑ ±¸¿øÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµéÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á¤ÈµÇ°í ±ú²ýÇØÁö¸ç, ¿µ¿øÇÑ »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÞÀ»
°ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷Àº ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¤ÈµÇ¸ç ±ú²ýÇØÁö°í
¿µ¿øÇÑ »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº
º¸»óÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ¸ÕÀú Á×Àº µÚ Áï½Ã °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ °Í,
±×¸®°í µÚ¿¡ ¼¼»óÀÌ ³¡³ µÚ¿¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
¹Ï´Â ÀÚµéÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ º¸»óÀº ¶¥ À§¿¡¼ ±×¸®°í
Çϴÿ¡¼ ¿µ±¤À» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶¥ À§¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÇ
À¯¹°µé°ú ¼º»óµéÀÌ ºÐÇâ°ú Ãкҷμ °æÀǸ¦ ¹ÞÀ»
°ÍÀ̸ç, Çϴÿ¡¼´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í ÇÔ²² ±×ÀÇ ¿µ±¤¿¡
ÇÔ²²ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀ» ¾ò±â Àü¿¡ ±×µéÀº °ø°£À»
Áö³¯ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×°÷¿¡¼ ±×µéÀº ¸ØÃß¾î¼ ±×µé¿¡°Ô
¸Â¼´Â õ»çµé°ú ¾Ç¸¶µé¿¡°Ô ½É¹®À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. õ»çµéÀÇ
¹æ¾î°¡ ¾Ç¸¶µéÀÇ ºñ³ º¸´Ùµµ °ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ³«¿ø¿¡
µµÂøÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¾Ç¸¶°¡ À̱â´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Áö¿Á¿¡¼
¿µ¿øÇÑ °íÅëÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³«¿ø¿¡ °¡´Â ÀǷοî
»ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°÷¿¡¼ ¿©·¯°¡Áö ÁöÀ§µéÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í »ïÀ§
ÀÏü¿¡ ´õ °¡±îÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°÷ ³«¿ø¿¡¼
Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸®¸¦ À§Çؼ ±âµµ¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×·¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©±â¼ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×µéÀÇ À¯¹°µé,
±×µéÀÇ ÀǺ¹µé, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¼º»óµéÀ» ¼þ¹èÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ¹°°ÇµéÀº ±âÀûÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°Íµé
±Ùó¿¡¼ Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âµµ¸¦ µå·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×·¯¸é Àú À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÇÀεéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ ¸»ÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁËÀεé-¸ðµç ÀÌ´ÜÀÚµé, ¼¼·Ê ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ »ç¶÷µé,
¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé, ±×¸®°í ¼ºÃ¼¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µé-Àº
Áö¿Á¿¡, ¾Ç¸¶¿¡°Ô °¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ
ÁËÀÇ Á¤µµ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚ¸®µéÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ¼¼»ó ¸¶Áö¸·±îÁö ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ ±âµµµéÀº, ƯÈ÷ ¼ºÂù½Ä ÈÄ¿¡ Áï½Ã
ÇàÇØÁø´Ù¸é, Áö¿Á¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÇ »óŸ¦ ¿ÏȽÃų °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
But there is also to be an end of the world and a general judgement.
The end of the world will be like this: One of the persons of the Trinity,
the God Jesus who is sitting in fleshly form on the clouds at the right
hand of the Father, will come down to earth in the human form in which He
lived here. Angels will blow trumpets and all the dead will rise in their
own bodies, but those bodies will be slightly changed. Then all the angels
and devils, and all men, will be gathered together and Christ will judge
them. The righteous will be set apart on the right hand: they and the
angels will go to paradise. The sinners will be put on the left hand: they
and the devils will go to hell and will there be tor¡©mented for ever with
torments worse than burning. These torments will be everlasting. But the
righteous will for ever glorify God's mercy. |
±×·¯³ª ¶ÇÇÑ ¼¼»óÀÇ ³¡°ú ÀüüÀÇ ½ÉÆÇÀÌ ¿¹Á¤µÇ¾î
ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·Àº ÀÌ¿Í °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù: »ïÀ§ ÀÏü
ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ À§ÀÎ, Çϳª´Ô ¿¹¼ö°¡ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¿À¸¥ ÂÊ¿¡ ±¸¸§
À§¿¡¼ À°½ÅÀÇ Çüü¸¦ ÇÏ°í¼ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù°¡, ±×°¡
À̰÷¿¡¼ »ì¾Ò´ø Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ÇÏ°í¼ Áö»ó¿¡ ³»·Á ¿Ã
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. õ»çµéÀÌ ³ªÆÈÀ» ºÒ°í ¸ðµç Á×Àº ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ
¸öÀ¸·Î¼ ÀϾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ ½ÅüµéÀº ¾à°£
º¯ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¶§ ¸ðµç õ»çµé°ú ¾Ç¸¶µé, ±×¸®°í
¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇÔ²² ¸ðÀÌ°í ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ±×µéÀ» ½ÉÆÇÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÇ·Î¿î »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿À¸¥ Æí¿¡ ºÐ¸®µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù:
±×µé°ú õ»çµéÀº ³«¿ø¿¡ °£´Ù. ÁËÀεéÀº ¿Þ Æí¿¡ ¼°Ô
µÈ´Ù: ±×µé°ú ¾Ç¸¶µéÀº Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î °£´Ù ±×¸®°í ±×°÷¿¡¼
ºÒ¿¡ Ÿ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ Áöµ¶ÇÑ °íÅëÀ¸·Î ¿µ¿øÈ÷ °íÅë ¹ÞÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °íÅëµéÀº ¿µ¿øÈ÷ Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
ÀÇ·Î¿î »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿µ¿øÈ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÚºñ¸¦ Âù¾çÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
In reply to my question, what meaning has my life in this world?-the
answer is: |
³ªÀÇ Àǹ®, ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ³ªÀÇ »îÀº ¹«½¼ Àǹ̸¦
°¡Áö´Â°¡? ¿¡ ´ë´äÇÏÀÚ¸é, -±× ´ë´äÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°´Ù: |
God, for a whim, created a strange sort of world. An absurd God-half
man, half monster-created the world as He wished it, and such a man as He
pleased, and kept saying that it was good, that it was all good, and that
man was good. But it all turned out very bad. The man and all his progeny
fell under a curse, but the good God continued to create men in the wombs
of their mothers knowing that they all, or many of them, would perish. And
after He had devised a means of saving them, things remained the same, or
even worse: for pre¡©viously, as the Church tells us, men could, like
Abraham and Jacob, save themselves by their good lives, while now, if I am
born a Jew or a Buddhist and do not happen to come under the sanctifying
action of the Church, I shall certainly perish and be eternally tormented
by the devils. More than that, even if I am one of the lucky ones, but
have the misfortune to consider the demands of my reason legitimate and do
not renounce them in order to believe the Church teaching, I too must
perish. And besides, even if I believe it all but have had no time to
receive the last eucharist, and my relations absent-mindedly omit to have
prayers said for me, I may still go to hell and remain there. |
Çϳª´ÔÀº, º¯´ö½º·´°Ôµµ, ÀÌ»óÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¼¼»óÀ»
âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÄ¡¿¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â Çϳª´Ô-¹ÝÀº »ç¶÷À̸ç
¹ÝÀº ±«¹°-Àº ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·ÎÀÇ ¼¼»ó°ú ±×°¡ º¸±â¿¡
Áñ°Å¿î ´ë·ÎÀÇ »ç¶÷À» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ±×¸®°í °è¼ÓÇØ¼
¼¼»óÀº ÁÁÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ¸¸ç, »ç¶÷µµ
¼±ÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¾ÇÇÏ°Ô º¯Çß´Ù.
±× »ç¶÷°ú ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÈļյéÀº ÀúÁÖ¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª ¼±ÇÑ
Çϳª´ÔÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼, ±×µéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ°¡, ¶Ç´Â ±×µé Áß ¸¹Àº
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼Ò¸êµÉ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸é¼µµ, ±×µéÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏµéÀÇ
Àڱà ¾È¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀ» ±¸¿øÇÒ
¹æ¹ýµéÀ» °í¾ÈÇÑ µÚ¿¡µµ, »óȲÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °°¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ´Ï
½ÉÁö¾î ´õ ¾ÇÇØÁ³´Ù: ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ÀÌÀü¿¡, ±³È¸°¡
¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¹Ù, »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¾Æºê¶óÇÔÀ̳ª
¾ß°öó·³, ±×µéÀÇ ¼±ÇÑ »îµéÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ ½º½º·Î¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Áö±ÝÀº, ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ À¯ÅÂÀÎÀ̳ª
ºÒ±³ÀÎÀ¸·Î ÅÂ¾î ³µÀ¸¸ç ±³È¸ÀÇ Á¤È ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÁö
¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â Ʋ¸² ¾øÀÌ ¼Ò¸êµÉ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¿µ¿øÈ÷
¾Ç¸¶µé¿¡°Ô °íÅë ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±× »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
ºñ·Ï ³»°¡ ±×µé ¿î ÁÁÀº »ç¶÷µé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¶ó°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ
³ªÀÇ À̼ºÀÇ ¸í·ÉµéÀ» ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â ºÒ¿îÀ»
°¡Áö°í¼ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Ï±â À§Çؼ ±×°ÍµéÀ»
¹ö¸®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ³ª ¿ª½Ã ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼Ò¸êµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×
»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ºñ·Ï ³»°¡ ±× ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹Ï´õ¶óµµ ¸¶Áö¸·
¼ºÂù½ÄÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ±âȸ¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ³ªÀÇ Ä£Ã´µé¿¡°Ô
³ª¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±âµµ¸¦ ÇàÇØ ´Þ¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æ½ÉÇÏ¿© ºüÆ®¸®¸é,
³ª´Â ¿ª½Ã Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î °¡¼ ±×°÷¿¡ ¸Ó¹°°Ô µÈ´Ù. |
The meaning of my life according to this teach¡©ing is an utter
absurdity, incomparably worse than what presented itself to me by the
light of my unaided reason. Then I saw that I am alive and as long as I
live I enjoy life, and that when I die I shall no longer feel anything.
Then I was frightened by the senselessness of my personal life and the
insolubility of the question: What are my efforts and my life for, since
it will all end? But now it is still worse: it will not all end-all this
is senselessness, this caprice of someone's, will continue for ever. |
ÀÌ·± °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸£¸é ³ªÀÇ »îÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¸» ±×´ë·Î
ºÎÁ¶¸®ÀÌ´Ù, ³ªÀÇ µµ¿ò ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀº À̼ºÀÇ ºû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼
³»°Ô ¶°¿À¸¥ °Íº¸´Ù ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¾ÇÇÏ´Ù.
±×¶§ ³ª´Â ³»°¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³»°¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ³ª´Â
»îÀ» Áñ±â¸ç, ±×¸®°í ³»°¡ Á×À» ¶§ ³ª´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾Æ¹«
°Íµµ ´À³¢Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¶§ ³ª´Â ³ªÀÇ
°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔ¿¡ ±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Àǹ®À»
Ç®Áö ¸øÇÔ¿¡ ³î¶ú´Ù: °á±¹ ³¡ÀÌ ³¯ °ÍÀε¥, ³ªÀÇ
³ë·Âµé°ú ³ªÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦
±×°ÍÀº ´õ¿í ¾î·Á¿öÁ³´Ù: ±×°ÍÀº ³¡³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù-ÀÌ
¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀÌ´Ù, ´©±º°¡ÀÇ ÀÌ·± º¯´öÀº ¿µ¿øÈ÷
°è¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
To the question as to how I should live, the reply given by this
teaching also contradicts all that my moral feelings require, and demands
what has always seemed to me most immoral-namely, hypocrisy. From all the
moral applications of the dogmas only this emerges: save yourself by
faith. If you cannot understand what you are told to believe, say that you
believe it. With all the strength of your soul suppress the demand for
light and truth: say that you believe, and do what results from that
belief The matter is plain. In spite of all provisos that for some reason
it is necessary to do good works and to follow Christ's teaching about
love, meekness, humility, and self-sacrifice, it is evident that those
deeds are not necessary, and the life of believers confirms this. Logic is
inexorable. What is the use of works when I am redeemed by the death of a
God, when even my future sins are all redeemed, and when it is only
necessary to believe? And how can I struggle and strive towards
goodness-which I formerly understood to consist in good deeds alone-when
the chief dogma of the faith is that man can of himself do nothing, but
all is done of itself by grace? It is only necessary to seek for grace;
but grace is not obtained by me alone, it is imparted to me by others.
Even if I have not time to become sanctified by grace during my life¡©time
there is a way to avail myself of it after death. I can leave money to the
Church and I shall be prayed for. All that is asked of me is that I should
seek for grace. But grace is given by the sacraments and the prayers of
the Church, so I must fly to it and place myself so as never to be
deprived of them. I must have priests around me, or live in a monastery,
and leave as much money as possible for prayers for my soul. More than
that, having insured myself for the future life I may calmly enjoy this
one, and for this life make use of those instru¡©ments which the Church
offers me, praying to the providence of God for aid in my worldly affairs
in the ways indicated to me to make these prayers most efficacious.
Prayers are more efficacious when uttered near to icons and relics and
during a religious service. |
³ª´Â ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®¿¡¼, ÀÌ·±
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ÁÖ´Â ´ë´ä ¿ª½Ã ³ªÀÇ ¸ðµç µµ´öÀû ´À³¦ÀÌ
¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ¸ç, ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾ðÁ¦³ª
ºñµµ´öÀûÀ̶ó°í ´À²¸Áö´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù-Áï, À§¼±ÀÌ´Ù.
±× ±³¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç µµ´öÀûÀÎ Àû¿ëµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ÀÁ÷ À̰ÍÀÌ
ºÒ°ÅÁ® ³ª¿Â´Ù: ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±¸Ç϶ó. ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ
¹ÏÀ¸¶ó°í µéÀº °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í
¸»Ç϶ó. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¿µÀÇ ¸ðµç ÈûÀ¸·Î ºû°ú Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¸í·ÉÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Ç϶ó: ´ç½ÅÀº ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í ¸»Ç϶ó, ±×¸®°í ±×
¹ÏÀ½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇ϶ó. ¹®Á¦´Â ´Ü¼øÇÏ´Ù.
¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼µç°¡, ¼±ÇÑ ÀϵéÀ» ÇàÇÏ°í »ç¶û, ¿ÂÀ¯ÇÔ,
°â¼Õ, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ±â Èñ»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À»
µû¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ¸ðµç Á¶°Çµé¿¡ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ±×·±
ÇàÀ§µéÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀº À̰ÍÀ»
È®ÀÎÇÔÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. ³í¸®´Â ºÒº¯ÀÌ´Ù. ³»°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
Á×À½À¸·Î ±¸¿ø ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹Ï±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é µÉ »ÓÀε¥,
¾÷ÀûµéÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀΰ¡,? ±×¸®°í ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ±³¸®´Â
»ç¶÷Àº ½º½º·Î ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç °ÍÀº
ÀºÇý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀúÀý·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¶§¿¡, ³»°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼±-À̰ÍÀº
ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼±ÇÑ ÇàÀ§µé·Î¼ ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù°í
ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿´´Ù-À» ÇâÇÏ¿© ÅõÀïÇÏ°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡?
¿ÀÁ÷ ÀºÇý¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀºÇý´Â ³ª
È¥ÀÚ ¸¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ±¸ÇØÁö´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥
»ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù. ºñ·Ï ³»°¡ »ì¾Æ¼
ÀºÇý·Î Á¤ÈµÉ ½Ã°£À» °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ
»çÈÄ¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â ±³È¸¿¡ µ·Àº
±âºÎÇÑ´Ù ±×·¯¸é ³ª¸¦ À§ÇØ ±âµµ ¹Þ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
³ª¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ³»°¡ ÀºÇý¸¦ ±¸ÇØ¾ß µÈ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀºÇý´Â ¼º·Ê½Ä°ú ±³È¸ÀÇ ±âµµµé¿¡
ÀÇÇØ¼ ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» °áÄÚ
¹ÚÅ»´çÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ±×°÷À¸·Î ¶Ù¾î°¡¼ ÀÚ¸® Àâ¾Æ¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ³ªÀÇ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀ» ¸ð¼Å¾ß
Çϰųª ¼öµµ¿ø¿¡ »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù, ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ ¿µÈ¥À» À§ÇÑ
±âµµ¸¦ À§Çؼ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ³²°Ü µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
±×°Í »Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ »îÀÇ À§ÇØ ³ª¸¦ È®½ÇÈ÷ ÇÑ
´ÙÀ½, ³ª´Â Á¶¿ëÈ÷ À̰ÍÀ» Áñ±â¸ç, ÀÌ·± »îÀ» À§Çؼ
±³È¸°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ±×·± ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ̰í,
³ªÀÇ ¼¼»ó Àϵ鿡 ´ëÇØ µµ¿Í Áֽŵ¥ ´ëÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
¼·¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ±âµµÇϸç, ÀÌ·± ±âµµµéÀÌ °¡Àå
È¿°úÀûÀ̵µ·Ï ¸¸µé±â À§Çؼ ³»°Ô °¡¸®ÄÑÁØ ¹æ¹ý´ë·Î
ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±âµµµéÀº ¼º»óµéÀ̳ª À¯¹°µé ¾Õ¿¡¼ ±×¸®°í
Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ¿¹¹è ½Ã¿¡ ¸»ÇßÀ» ¶§ °¡Àå È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. |
And the answer to my question as to what I should do follows clearly
from the teaching, and that answer is very well known to everyone and very
coarsely contradicts one's conscience; but it is inescapable. |
±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡¿¡ °üÇÑ ³ªÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡
´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ±× °¡¸£Ä§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â´Ù,
±×¸®°í ±× ´ë´äÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ®
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ç½É¿¡ °ÅÄ¥°Ô ¸ð¼øÀÌ µÈ´Ù;
±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
I remember that when I did not yet doubt the Church teaching and read
in the Gospel that 'Blasphemy against the son of man shall be for¡©given,
but blasphemy against the Holy Spirit shall not be forgiven either in this
world or in the world to come', I could not at all understand those words. |
³»°¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀǽÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¼º¼¿¡¼
¡®»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµ¶Àº ¿ë¼µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Áö¶óµµ,
¼º·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµ¶Àº ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼µµ Àú ¼¼»ó¿¡¼µµ
¿ë¼µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¡¯´Â °ÍÀ» ÀоúÀ» ¶§, ±×·± ¸»µéÀ» ÀüÇô
ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù. |
But now they are only too terribly clear to me. This is it-that
blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, which will not be forgiven either in
this world or in the world to come. |
±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ ±×°ÍµéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ³Ê¹«³ª ¹«¼·°Ôµµ ³»°Ô
ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù-¼º·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµ¶, ±×°ÍÀº
ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼µµ Àú ¼¼»ó¿¡¼µµ ¿ë¼µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
That blasphemy is this terrible doctrine, the basis of which is the
teaching about the Church. |
±× ¸ðµ¶Àº ÀÌ·± ¹«¼¿î ±³¸®À̸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ
°¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ±âÃÊÀÌ´Ù. |
|
|
¡¡
[ Up ] [ A Confession ] [ What I Believe ] [ Gospel In Brief ] [ Kingdom of God ] [ A Criticism of Dogmatic Theology ] [ An Examination of The Gospels ] [ A Harmony, Translation, and Examination of The Four Gospels ] [ 23 Tales ] [ Hadji Murad ] [ Resurrection ] [ His Life and Work ] [ Count Tolstoi and the Public Censor ] [ The Devil ] [ Last Days of Tolstoy ] [ First Recollections ] [ Father Sergious ] [ The Forged Coupon ] [ The Death of Ivan Ilych ] [ The Kreutzer Sonata ] [ Tolstoi's Kreutzer Sonata ] [ How Much Land Does A Man Need? ] [ What to do - On the Census in Moscow ] [ To A Kind Youth ] [ Master and Man ] [ Patriotism and Government ] [ Thou shall not kill ] [ To the Tsar and His Assistants ] [ A Letter to Russian Liberals ] [ A Letter to a Hindu ] [ Letter to Gandhi ] [ Letter to A Noncommissioned Officer ] [ To The Working People ] [ On Non-Resistance ] [ Last Message to Mankind ] [ The Slavery of Our Times ] [ Reminiscences Of Tolstoy ] [ Semenov's Peaseant Stories ] [ Strider ] [ The Works of Guy De Maupassant ] [ The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy ] [ The Tragedy of Tolstoy ]
[ Home ] [ About Tolstoy ] [ Works Before 1876 ] [ Works After 1876 ] [ A Confession ] [ What I Believe ] [ Gospel In Brief ] [ Kingdom of God ] [ What Is Art? ] [ Tolstoy and His Message ] [ Tolstoy As a Schoolmaster ] [ Introduction to Tolstoy's Writings ] [ Non-Violence / Non-Resistant ] [ Tolstoy Links ] [ Patriotism and Government ] [ Thou Shall Not Kill ] [ To the Tsar and His Assistants ] [ A Letter to Russian Liberals ] [ A Letter to a Hindu ] [ Letter to Gandhi ] [ To The Working People ] [ On Non-Resistance ] [ Last Message to Mankind ]
|
|
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |