|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Home]
[Up]
[Contents]
[Preface]
[Bibliographical Note]
[A Note on the Text]
[WHAT IS ART?]
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
[CONCLUSION]
[Appendix I]
[Appendix II]
[Notes]
|
WHAT IS ART?
¿¹¼úÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
TRANSLATED BY RICHARD PEVEAR AND LARISSA VOLOKHONSKY
|
|
|
|
¿¹¼úÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
|
| ¡¡ |
|
|
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |
| Pick up any
newspaper of our time, and in every one of them you will find a section on
theatre and music; in almost every issue you will find a description of
some exhibition or other, or of some particular painting, and in every one
you will find reports on newly appearing books of an artistic nature
-
poetry, stories, novels. |
¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ
¾î¶² ½Å¹®ÀÌµç µéÃß¾î º¸¶ó, ¾îµð¿¡µç ¿¬±Ø°ú À½¾Ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ³À» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù; °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç °£Ç๰¸¶´Ù ÀÌ·± Àú·± Àü½Ãȸ ¶Ç´Â
¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °¢°¢ÀÇ
°Íµé¿¡¼ ¿¹¼úÀûÀÎ ¼º°ÝÀ¸·Î »õ·ÎÀÌ µîÀåÇÏ´Â - ½Ã, ´ÜÆí, ¼Ò¼³ -
Ã¥µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸°íµéÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
| Immediately
after the event, a detailed description is published of how this or that
actress or actor played this or that role in such and such a drama, comedy
or opera, and what merits they displayed, and what the contents of the new
drama, comedy or opera were, and its merits or shortcomings. With the same
detail and care they describe how such-and-such an artist sang
such-and-such a piece, or performed it on the piano or the violin, and
what the shortcomings or merits of the piece and of the performance were.
In every large town there will always be, if not several, then certainly
one exhibi¡©tion of new paintings, whose merits and shortcomings are
analyzed with the greatest profundity by critics and connoisseurs. Almost
every day new novels and poems appear, separately or in magazines, and the
newspapers consider it their duty to give their readers detailed reports
on these works of art. |
Çà»ç°¡ ³¡³ª°í
³ª¸é °ð, ±×·¸°í ±×·± µå¶ó¸¶, Äڹ̵ð, Èñ±Ø¿¡¼ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ¿©¿ì ¶Ç´Â ³²¿ìµéÀÌ ÀÌ·¯Àú·¯ÇÑ ¿ª¿¡¼ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿¬±âÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¾î¶²
ÀåÁ¡µéÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´ÂÁö, »õ·Î¿î µå¶ó¸¶, Äڹ̵ð ¶Ç´Â ¿ÀÆä¶óÀÇ ³»¿ëµé, ±×¸®°í ±× ÀåÁ¡µé, °áÁ¡µéÀº ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö °®°¡Áö »ó¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íµé¿¡
´ëÇØ ÃâÆÇµÈ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¼¼¹ÐÇÔ°ú °ü½ÉÀ¸·Î¼ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿©Â÷¿©Â÷ÇÑ °¡¼ö°¡ ¿©Â÷¿©Â÷ÇÑ ÀÛǰÀ» ºÒ·¶°Å³ª ÇÇ¾Æ³ë ¶Ç´Â ¹ÙÀ̿ø°À¸·Î
¿¬ÁÖÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ±× ÀÛǰ°ú °ø¿¬ÀÇ °áÁ¡ ¶Ç´Â ÀåÁ¡µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¼¼úÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¾î´À Ä¿´Ù¶õ µµ½Ã¿¡¼µç, ¿©·µÀº
¾Æ´Ï¶óµµ, »õ·Î¿î ±×¸²µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÑ °¡Áö Àü½Ã´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ±× °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀåÁ¡µé ¹× °áÁ¡µéÀÌ ºñÆò°¡µé ¹× °¨Á¤°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
´ë´ÜÇÑ ½É¿ÀÇÔÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®µÈ´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¸ÅÀÏ »õ·Î¿î ¼Ò¼³µé ¹× ½ÃµéÀÌ °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ÀâÁöµé¿¡ µîÀåÇϸç, ½Å¹®µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô ÀÌ·±
¿¹¼ú ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ó¼¼ÇÏ°Ô º¸°íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±×µéÀÇ Àǹ«·Î ¿©±ä´Ù. |
| To support art
in Russia, where only a hundredth part of what would be needed to provide
all the people with the opportunity of learning is spent on popular
education, the government gives mil¡©lions in subsidies to academies,
conservatories and theatres. In France eight millions are allotted to art,
and the same in Germany and England. In every large town huge buildings
are constructed for museums, academies, conservatories, dramatic schools,
and for per¡©formances and concerts. Hundreds of thousands of workers
-
carpen¡©ters, masons, painters, joiners, paper-hangers, tailors,
hairdressers, jewelers, bronze founders, typesetters
-
spend their whole lives in hard labor to satisfy the demands of art, so
that there is hardly another human activity, except the military, that
consumes as much effort as this. |
·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼´Â,
¿¹¼úÀ» Áö¿øÇϰíÀÚ, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹è¿òÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁö´Â °ÍÀÇ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹éºÐÀÇ Àϸ¸ÀÌ ´ëÁß ±³À°À» À§ÇØ
»ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼µµ, ¿¹¼úÇùȸ, À½¾ÇÇб³, ±ØÀåµé¿¡´Â ¼ö¹é¸¸¾¿ º¸Á¶±ÝÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼± ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ÆÈ¹é ¸¸ÀÌ ÇÒ´çµÇ¸ç, µ¶ÀÏ ¹×
¿µ±¹¿¡¼µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. Àú¸¶´Ù Å« µµ½Ãµé¿¡´Â ¹Ú¹°°ü, ¿¹¼ú¿ø, À½¾Ç¿ø, ¿¬±ØÇб³µéÀ» À§ÇØ, ±×¸®°í °ø¿¬ ¹× ¿¬ÁÖȸ µéÀ» À§ÇØ, °Å´ëÇÑ
°Ç¹°µéÀÌ °Ç¼³µÈ´Ù. ¼ö¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé -
¸ñ¼ö, ¼®°ø, Ȱø, °¡±¸ÀåÀÌ, µµ¹èÀåÀÌ, ÀçºÀ»ç, ¹Ì¿ë»ç, º¸¼® ¼¼°ø»ç, ûµ¿ÁÖ¹°°ø, ½ÄÀÚ°ø µé
-
Àº ¿¹¼úÀÇ ¼ö¿ä µéÀ» ¸¸Á·½ÃÄÑÁÖ±â À§ÇØ ±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» Á߳뵿¿¡ ¼ÒºñÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿©, ±º´ë¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â, ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á¤µµÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ»
¼Ò¸ðÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Àΰ£ÀÇ È°µ¿Àº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. |
| But it is not
only that such enormous labor is expended on this activity
-
human lives are also expended on it directly, as in war: from an early
age, hundreds of thousands of people devote their entire lives to learning
how to twirl their legs very quickly (dancers); others (musicians) to
learning how to finger keys or strings very quickly; still others
(artists) to acquiring skill with paint and to depicting all they see; a
fourth group to acquiring skill in twisting every phrase in all possible
ways and finding a rhyme for every word. And these people, often very
kind, intelligent, capable of every sort of useful labor, grow wild in
these exceptional, stupefy¡©ing occupations and become dull to all serious
phenomena of life, one-sided and self-complacent specialists, knowing only
how to twirl their legs, tongues or fingers. |
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
Ȱµ¿¿¡ ¼ÒºñµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ±×Åä·Ï ¾öû³ ³ëµ¿ ¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù -
¶ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûµé ¸¶Àú ÀüÀï¿¡¼Ã³·³ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ ¼ÒºñµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ¾î¸± ÀûºÎÅÍ, ¼ö½Ê¸¸ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àü ÀλýÀ» ÀÚ½Å(¹«¿ë¼ö)µéÀÇ
´Ù¸®µéÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ºü¸£°Ô ȸÀüÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡¸¦ ¹è¿ì°íÀÚ; ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷(À½¾Ç°¡)µéÀº Űº¸µå³ª ÇöÀ» ¾ó¸¶³ª »¡¸® µÎµå¸± ¼ö Àִ°¡¸¦
¹è¿ì°íÀÚ; ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷(Ȱ¡)µéÀº ¹°°¨À» ´Ù·ç´Â ±â¼ú¿¡ ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ º¸´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡; ³× ¹øÂ° ¹«¸®´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç
¹æ¹ýµé·Î °¢°¢ÀÇ ±¸ÀýÀ» ºñƲ°í °¢°¢ÀÇ ´Ü¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿îÀ» ã¾Æ ³»´Â ±â¼úÀ» ½ÀµæÇÔ¿¡ Çå½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ÈçÈ÷ ¸Å¿ì
Ä£ÀýÇϰí, ÁöÀûÀ̸ç, ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ À¯ÀÍÇÑ ³ëµ¿À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ, ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÌ¸ç ³ÌÀ» »©¾Ñ´Â Á÷¾÷µé·Î ³ÌÀ» »©¾Ñ±â°í »îÀÇ ¸ðµç
½É°¢ÇÑ Çö»óµé¿¡ ¹«°¨°¢Çϸç, ÆíÇùÇϸç Àڱ⠸¸Á·¿¡ ºüÁø Àü¹®°¡µéÀÌ µÇ¾î ¿À·ÎÁö ÀڽŵéÀÇ ´Ù¸®, Çô ¶Ç´Â ¼Õ°¡¶ô µéÀ» ºñÆ®´Â °Í ¸¸À»
¾Ë »ÓÀÌ´Ù. |
| But this, too,
is not all. I recall attending once a rehearsal of one of the most
ordinary new operas, such as are produced in all European and American
theatres. |
±×·¯³ª À̰Í
¿ª½Ã ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡, À¯·´ ¹× ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¸ðµç ±ØÀåµé¿¡¼ °ø¿¬µÇ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº, °¡Àå Æò¹üÇÏ°í »õ·Î¿î ¿ÀÆä¶óµéÀÇ ¸®Çã¼³¿¡
Âü¼®Çß´ø °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù. |
| I arrived when
the first act had already begun. To enter the auditorium I had to pass
backstage. I was led through dark under¡©ground corridors and passages of
the enormous building, past immense machines for the changing of sets and
lighting, where in darkness and dust I saw people working at something.
One of the workers, his face grey and thin, wearing a dirty blouse, with
dirty workman¡¯s
hands, the fingers sticking out, obviously tired and displeased, walked
past me, angrily reproaching another man for something. Going up a dark
stairway, I came out backstage. Amid piled-up sets, curtains, some poles,
there were dozens, if not hun¡©dreds, of painted and costumed people
standing or milling around, the men in costumes closely fitted to their
thighs and calves, and the women, as usual, with their bodies bared as
much as possible. These were all singers, male and female chorus-members,
or ballet dancers, awaiting their turns. My guide led me across the stage,
over a plank bridge through the orchestra, where sat about a hundred
musicians of all sorts, and into the dark stalls. On an elevation between
two lamps with reflectors, in an armchair with a music-stand in front of
it, baton in hand, sat the director of the musical part, who conducted the
orchestra and singers and the overall production of the entire opera.
|
³ª´Â Á¦ 1¸·ÀÌ
ÀÌ¹Ì ½ÃÀ۵ǾúÀ» ¶§ µµÂøÇÏ¿´´Ù. °´¼®À¸·Î µé¾î°¡±â À§ÇØ ³ª´Â ¹«´ë µÚ¸¦ Åë°úÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. ³ª´Â °Å´ëÇÑ °Ç¹°ÀÇ ¾îµÎ¿î ÁöÇÏ º¹µµµé°ú
Åë·ÎµéÀ» Åë°úÇÏ°í ¾öû³ ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ¹«´ë¼¼Æ®µé ¹× Á¶¸í ÀåÄ¡µéÀ» Áö³ªÀÚ ±×°÷¿¡¼ ¾îµÎ¿ò ¹× ¸ÕÁö ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÏÇϰí ÀÖ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ´õ·¯¿î ÀÛ¾÷º¹À» ÀÔ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ´õ·¯¿î ÀÛ¾÷ÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀº ºÒ°ÅÁ® ³ª¿Í ÀÖ¾ú°í, È®¿¬È÷ ÁöÄ¡°í
ºÒÄèÇÑ Ç¥Á¤À¸·Î ³ª¸¦ Áö³ªÃÆÀ¸¸ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ȸ¦ ³»¸ç ²Ù¢°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ¾îµÎ¿î °è´ÜÀ» ¿À¸£¸é¼ ¹«´ë µÚÆíÀ»
ºüÁ® ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ¼öºÏÀÌ ½×ÀÎ ¼¼Æ®µé, Ŀưµé, ¸î °³ÀÇ ±âµÕµé »çÀÌ·Î ¼ö¹é ¸íÀº ¾Æ´ÒÁö¶óµµ ºÐÀå ¹× ÀÇ»óÀ» °ÉÄ£ ¼ö½Ê ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ,
¼Àְųª ¾î½½··°Å¸®°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³²ÀÚµéÀº Çã¹÷Áö¿Í ÀåµýÁö±îÁö ²Ë ³¢ÀÌ´Â ÀÇ»óµéÀ» ÀÔ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¿©ÀÚµéÀº ¸öµéÀ» º¯ÇÔ¾øÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ µå·¯³½
ä¿´´Ù. À̵éÀº ¸ðµÎ °¡¼ö, ³²¼º ¹× ¿©¼º ÇÕâ´Ü µéÀ̰ųª ¹«¿ë¼öµé·Î¼ ±×µéÀÇ ¼ø¼¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ÁßÀ̾ú´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ¾È³»ÀÚ´Â ¹«´ë¸¦
°¡·ÎÁö¸£°í, ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ À½¾Ç°¡µéÀÌ ¸ð¿© ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¾Ç´ÜÀ» Åë°úÇÏ´Â ³ÎºþÁö ´Ù¸®¸¦ ³Ñ¾î ħħÇÑ Á¼®µé·Î ³ª¸¦ ÀεµÇß´Ù. ¹Ý»ç°æÀÌ
´Þ¸° µÎ °³ÀÇ µî »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³ôÀº °÷¿¡´Â ¾Çº¸´ë°¡ ´Þ¸° ÆÈ°ÉÀÌ ÀÇÀÚ¿¡ ÁöÈÖºÀÀ» ¼Õ¿¡ µé°í À½¾ÇºÎÀÇ °¨µ¶ÀÌ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç ±×´Â ¾Ç´Ü
¹× °¡¼öµé ¹× Àüü ¿ÀÆä¶óÀÇ ¿¬ÃâÀ» ÁöÈÖÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. |
| When I arrived,
the performance had already begun, and a procession of Indians bringing
home a bride was being presented on stage. Besides the costumed men and
women, two other men in short jackets were running and fussing about the
stage: one was the director of the dramatic part, and the other, who
stepped with extraordinary lightness in his soft shoes as he ran from
place to place, was the dancing master, who received more pay per month
than ten workers in a year. |
³»°¡ µµÂøÇÏ¿´À»
¶§ °ø¿¬Àº ÀÌ¹Ì ½ÃÀ۵ǾúÀ¸¸ç ½ÅºÎ¸¦ ÁýÀ¸·Î µ¥·Á°¡´Â Àεð¾ðµéÀÇ Çà·ÄÀÌ ¹«´ë À§¿¡ ÆîÃÄÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÇ»óÀ» °®Ãá ³²ÀÚ ¹× ¿©ÀÚ µé »Ó¸¸
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ªÀº »óÀǸ¦ °ÉÄ£ µÎ ¸íÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ³²ÀÚµéÀÌ ¹«´ë ÁÖÀ§¸¦ ¶Ù¸é¼ ¹ý¼®À» ¶³°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù: ÇÑ ¸íÀº ¿¬±Ø °¨µ¶À̾úÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ
¸íÀº, À̰÷ Àú°÷À¸·Î ´Þ¸± ¶§ ºÎµå·¯¿î ½Å¹ßÀ» ½Å°í ³î¶ó¿î °¡º¿òÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀ» ¶¼°í ÀÖ´Â ¹«¿ë °¨µ¶À¸·Î, ÀÏ ³â°£ ´Ù¸¥ ¿ ¸íÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé
º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº ¿ù±ÞÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
| These three
directors were trying to bring together the singing, the orchestra and the
procession. The procession, as usual, was done in pairs, with tinfoil
halberds on their shoulders. They all started from one place and went
around, and around again, and then stopped. For a long time the procession
did not go right: first the Indians with halberds came out too late, then
too early, then they came out on time but crowded together too much as
they exited, then they did not crowd but failed to take their proper
places at the sides of the stage, and each time everything stopped and was
started over again. The procession began with a recitative by a man
dressed up like some sort of Turk, who, opening his mouth strangely, sang:
¡®I
accompany the bri-i-ide.¡¯
He would sing it and wave his arm
-
bare, of course -
from under his mantle. And the procession would start. But right away the
French horn does something wrong at the end of the recitative, and the
conductor, recoiling as if some disaster has taken place, raps on the
music-stand with his baton. Everything stops, and the conductor, turning
to the orchestra, falls upon the French horn, abusing him in the rudest
terms, of the sort that coachmen use, for having played a wrong note. And
again every¡©thing starts over. The Indians with halberds again come out,
stepping softly in their strange shoes; again the singer sings:
¡®I
accompany the bri-i-ide.¡¯
But this time the pairs stand too close together. Again the rapping of the
baton, the abuse, and it starts over. Again,
¡®I
accompany the bri-i-ide,¡¯
again the same gesture with the bare arm from under the mantle, and the
pairs, again stepping softly, halberds on their shoulders, some with
serious and sad faces, some exchanging remarks and smiling, take their
places in a circle and begin to sing. All is well, it seems; but again the
baton raps, and the conductor, in a suffering and spiteful voice, begins
to scold the male and female chorus-members: it turns out that they fail
to raise their arms from time to time while singing, as a sign of
animation. ¡®Have
you all died, or what? Cows! If you¡¯re
not dead, why don¡¯t
you move?¡¯
Again it starts, again ¡®I
accompany the bri-i-ide,¡¯
again the female chorus-members sing with sad faces, now one and now
another of them raising an arm. But two of the female chorus-members
exchange remarks - again a more vehement rap¡©ping of the baton.
¡®What,
have you come here to talk? You can gossip at home. You there, in the red
trousers, move closer. Look at me. From the beginning.¡¯
Again, ¡®I
accompany the bri-i-ide.¡¯
And so it continues for one, two, three hours. The whole of such a
rehearsal continues for six hours on end. The rapping of the baton, the
repetitions, the positionings, the correctings of the singers, the
orchestra, the processions, the dancing, all of it seasoned with angry
abuse. The words ¡®asses,
fools, idiots, swine¡¯
I heard addressed to the musicians and singers a good forty times in the
course of one hour. And the unfortunate, physically and morally crippled
person -
flautist, horn player, singer
-
to whom the abuse is addressed, keeps silent and does what is demanded,
repeats ¡®I
accompany the bri-i-ide¡¯
twenty times over, sings one and the same phrase twenty times over, and
again marches about in his yellow shoes with a halberd on his shoulder.
The conductor knows that these people are so crippled as to be no longer
fit for anything except blowing a horn or walking about with a halberd in
yellow shoes, and at the same time they are accustomed to a sweet,
luxurious life and will put up with anything only so as not to be deprived
of this sweet life - and therefore he calmly gives himself up to his
rudeness, the more so in that he has seen it all in Paris and Vienna and
knows that the best conductors behave that way, that it is the musical
tradition of great artists, who are so enthralled by their great artistic
feat that they have no time to sort out the feelings of the performers. |
ÀÌ ¼¼ °¨µ¶µéÀº
°¡Ã¢, ¾Ç´Ü ¹× Çà·ÄÀ» ÇÔ²² ¸ÂÃß·Á ¾Ö¾²°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Çà·ÄÀº Æò»ó½Ã´ë·Î ¾çö µµ³¢¸¦ ¾î±ú¿¡ °ÉÄ¡°í Á¶¸¦ ¸ÂÃß¾î ³ª¾Æ°¬´Ù. ±×µé ¸ðµÎ´Â
ÇÑ Àå¼Ò¿¡¼ Ãâ¹ßÇÏ¿´°í °è¼ÓÇØ µ¹´Ù°¡ ¸¶Ä§³» ¸ØÃß¾ú´Ù. ÇÑÂü µ¿¾ÈÀ̳ª Çà·ÄÀº Á¦´ë·Î µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù: ¸ÕÀú µµ³¢¸¦ °¡Áø Àεð¾ðµéÀÌ ³Ê¹«
´Ê°Ô, ´ÙÀ½¿£ ³Ê¹« ÀÏÂï ³ª¿Ô°í, ´ÙÀ½¿£ Á¦¶§¿¡ ³ª¿ÔÁö¸¸ ÈïºÐÇÏ¿´´ø Å¿À¸·Î ³Ê¹«³ª ¸ô·Á ³ª¿Ô°í, ´ÙÀ½¿£ ¸ô¸®Áø ¾É¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¹«´ëÀÇ Ãø¸é¿¡
ÀûÀýÇÑ À§Ä¡¸¦ Àâ´Âµ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¶§¸¶´Ù ¸ðµç ÀÏÀº ¸ØÃß¾úÀ¸¸ç µÇÇ®ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çà·ÄÀº ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ Å;îŰÀÎ º¹ÀåÀ» ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ
¼Ã¢À¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵ǾúÀ¸¸ç, ±×´Â ÀÔÀ» ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô ¹ú¸®¸é¼ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³ë·¡ ºÒ·¶´Ù:
¡®³ª´Â
½Ã-ÀÎ-ºÎ¿Í µ¿ÇàÇϳë¶ó.¡¯
±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ³ë·¡ÇÏ°í ¹°·Ð ¸ÁÅä ¾Æ·¡ ¸Ç ÆÈÀ» Èçµé°ï Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í Çà·ÄÀº ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ð ¼Ã¢ÀÇ ¸»¹Ì¿¡ ÇÁ·»Ä¡ È¥ÀÌ ¹«¾ð°¡
À߸øÇϰí, ÁöÈÖÀÚ´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ¾î¶² Àç¾ÓÀÌ¶óµµ ÀÒ¾î ³ µíÀÌ ÆÞ½ ¶Ù¸é¼ ÁöÈÖºÀÀ¸·Î ¾Çº¸´ë¸¦ ŹŹ Ä£´Ù. ¸ðµç °ÍÀº Á¤ÁöÇϰí, ÁöÈÖÀÚ´Â
¾Ç´Ü¿¡°Ô µ¹¾Æ°¡ ÇÁ·»Ä¡ È¥¿¡ ´Þ·Áµé¾î ¸¶ºÎµéÀ̳ª ÇØ´ë´Â ½Ö½º·± ¸»·Î ¾Çº¸¸¦ Àß ¸ø ¿¬ÁÖÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×¸¦ ²Ù¢´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ¸ðµç
°ÍÀÌ µÇÇ®ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. âµµ³¢¸¦ °¡Áø Àεð¾ðµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌ»óÇÑ ½ÅµéÀ» ½Å°í ºÎµå·¯¿î ¹ß°ÉÀ½À¸·Î ´Ù½Ã ³ª¿Â´Ù; °¡¼ö°¡ ´Ù½Ã ³ë·¡ ºÎ¸¥´Ù:
¡®³ª´Â
½Ã-ÀÎ-ºÎ¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡³ë¶ó.¡¯
±×·¯³ª À̹ø¿£ ½ÖµéÀÌ ³Ê¹« °¡±îÀÌ ¼ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ÁöÈÖºÀÀ» µÎµå¸®°í, ¿å¼³ÀÌ ³ª¿À¸ç, ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. ´Ù½Ã,
¡®³ª´Â
½Ã-ÀÎ-ºÎ¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡³ë¶ó,¡¯
±×¸®°í ¸ÁÅä ¾Æ·¡ ¸Ç ÆÈ·Î ÇàÇÏ´Â ¶È °°Àº Á¦½ºÃ³¸¦ º¸À̰í, ±× ½ÖµéÀº Á¶½É½º·¯ÀÌ °È°í ±×µé ¾î±ú¿£ âµµ³¢¸¦ °ÉÄ¡¸ç, ¾î¶² À̵éÀº
½É°¢ÇÑ ±×¸®°í ½½Ç ¾ó±¼µéÀ» Çϸç, ¾î¶² À̵éÀº ¸»°ú Àâ´äÀ» ³ª´©¸ç, µÑ·¹¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ¸®µéÀ» ã¾Æ°¡°í ³ë·¡¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµÎ°¡
ÀßÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °Í °°´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ´Ù½Ã ÁöÈÖºÀÀÌ Å¹Å¹ °Å¸®°í, ÁöÈÖÀÚ´Â ±«·Ó°í ¾ÇÀÌ ¹ÞÄ£ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®·Î ³²¼º ¹× ¿©¼º ÇÕâ´Ü¿øµéÀ» ²Ù¢´Â´Ù:
»ý±âÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î ³ë·¡¸¦ ºÎ¸£´Â µµÁß¿¡ ¶§¶§·Î ÆÈÀ» µéÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡®´ç½Åµé
¸ðµÎ µØÁø °Å¾ß ¹¹¾ß? ¸ÛûÀÌµé¾Æ! µØÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é ¿Ö ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â °Å¾ß?¡¯
±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. ¡®³ª´Â
½Ã-ÀÎ-ºÎ¿Í ÇÔ²² Çϳë¶ó,¡¯
±×¸®°í ¿©¼º ÇÕâ´Ü¿øµéÀº ½½Ç ¾ó±¼µéÀ» ÇÏ¸ç ³ë·¡ ºÎ¸£°í ÀÌÁ¨ ÀÌ»ç¶÷ ±×¸®°í ÀÌÁ¨ Àú »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÆÈÀ» µç´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©¼ºÇÕâ´Ü¿ø µÑÀ̼
Àâ´ãÀ» ³ª´«´Ù -
±×¸®°í Á»´õ ¸Í·ÄÇÑ ÁöÈÖºÀ µÎµå¸®´Â ¼Ò¸®°¡ ³´Ù. ¡®´ç½Åµé
¿©±â¿¡ ¶°µé·¯ ¿Â °Å¾ß ¹¹¾ß? ¼ö´Ù´Â Áý¿¡¼ ¶³¾î. °Å±â ³Ê, »¡°£ ¹ÙÁö, ´õ °¡±îÀÌ ¿òÁ÷¿©. ³ª¸¦ ºÁ. óÀ½ºÎÅÍ.¡¯
´Ù½Ã, ¡®³ª´Â
½Ã-ÀÎ-ºÎ¿Í ÇÔ²²Çϳë¶ó.¡¯
±×¸®°í ±×·¸°Ô ÇÑ ½Ã°£, µÎ ½Ã°£ ¼¼½Ã°£ µ¿¾È °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸®Çã¼³ Àüü´Â °á±¹ ¿©¼¸ ½Ã°£À̳ª °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù. ÁöÈÖºÀ µÎµå¸®±â,
¹Ýº¹µé, ÀÚ¸®¹èÄ¡µé, °¡¼öµé ¹× ¾Ç´Ü ±³Á¤Çϱâ, Çà·Ä, ¹«¿ë, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¼º³ ¿å¼³·Î ¹ö¹«·ÁÁø´Ù. ³ª´Â
¡®¿ìµÐÇÑ
³à¼®µé, ¹Ùº¸µé, ¸ÛûÀ̵é, µÅÁö¡¯
¿Í °°Àº ´Ü¾îµéÀ» À½¾Ç°¡ ¹× °¡¼ö µé¿¡°Ô ÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ª´Â µ¿¾È °ÅÀÇ »ç½Ê ¹øÀ̳ª Áú·¯´ë´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ºÒÇàÇÑ »ç¶÷µé,
À°Ã¼Àû ±×¸®°í µµ´öÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ±¸ÀÎ »ç¶÷ -
ÇÃ·çÆ® ÁÖÀÚ, È¥ ¿¬ÁÖÀÚ, °¡¼ö -
Àº ¿å¼³À» µè°í¼µµ ¾äÀüÈ÷ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇϸç, ¡®³ª´Â
½Ã-ÀÎ-ºÎ¿Í ÇÔ²² Çϳë¶ó¡¯¸¦
½º¹« ¹øÀ̳ª, ´Ü ÇϳªÀÌ¸ç µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±¸ÀýÀ» ½º¹« ¹øÀ̳ª ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã±Ý ¾î±ú¿£ âµµ³¢¸¦ ¸Å°í ³ë¶õ ½Å¹ßÀ» ½Å°í¼ À̸®Àú¸® ÇàÁøÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
ÁöÈÖÀÚ´Â ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áöµ¶ÇÑ º´½ÅµéÀ̶ó¼ È¥À» ºÎ¸£´Â °Í µµ´Â ³ë¶õ ½Å¹ß¿¡ âµµ³¢¸¦ ¸Å°í À̸®Àú¸® °È´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹« ¦¿¡µµ ¾µ¸ð
¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀº ´ÞÄÞÇÏ°í »çÄ¡½º·¯¿î »î¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·± ´ÞÄÞÇÑ »îÀ» »©¾Ñ±âÁö¸¸ ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¾î¶² ÀÏÀ̵ç ÂüÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç
-
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×´Â ÁöÈÖÀÚÀÇ ¹«·ÊÇÔ¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¾äÀüÈ÷ ³»¸Ã±â¸ç, ±×·± °ÍÀ» ÆÄ¸®³ª ºñ¿£³ª¿¡¼ º¸¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´õ¿í ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
°¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÁöÈÖÀÚµéÀº ±×·¸°Ô ÇൿÇϸç, ±×°ÍÀº À§´ëÇÑ ¿¹¼ú°¡µé¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î À½¾ÇÀûÀÎ ÀüÅëÀ̸ç, À̵鿡°Ô´Â À§´ëÇÑ ¿¹¼úÀûÀÎ ¼º°ú¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª
¸Å·áµÇ¾î °ø¿¬ÀÚ µéÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀ» °¡·Á »ìÇÊ ¿©À¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
| It is hard to
imagine a more repulsive sight. I have seen one worker scold another for
not supporting the weight piled on him while unloading goods, or a village
elder at haymaking abuse a worker for not building a proper rick, and the
worker would be obediently silent. But however unpleasant it was to see,
the unpleasantness was softened by awareness of the fact that some
neces¡©sary and important task was being done, that the mistake for which
the superior scolded the worker might have ruined something necessary. |
´õ ÀÌ»ó
Çø¿À½º·± ¸ð½ÀÀ» »ó»óÇϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù. ³ª´Â ¾î¶² ³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÁüÀ» ³»¸± ¶§¿¡ Àڽſ¡°Ô °¡ÇØÁø ¹«°Ô¸¦ ¹ÞÃÄÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í
¾ß´ÜÄ¡°Å³ª, ¸¶À»ÀÇ ¿¬ÀåÀÚ°¡ °ÇÃʸ¦ ¸¸µé ¶§ ÀûÇÕÇÑ °ÇÃÊ´õ¹Ì¸¦ ½×¾Æ ¿Ã¸®Áö ¾ÊÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿å¼³À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º» ÀûÀÌ
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ °æ¿ì ±× ³ëµ¿ÀÚ´Â ¾äÀüÈ÷ ħ¹¬ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀÌ º¸±â¿¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® ºÒÄèÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ºÒÄèÇÔÀº ¾î¶² ÇÊ¿äÇϰí Áß¿äÇÑ
°úÁ¦°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾î Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ²Ù¢´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ½Ç¼ö°¡ ¾î¶² ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸ÁÄ¥ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ÀνÄÇÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿Ï鵃 ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
| What, then, was
being done here, and why, and for whom? It was quite possible that he, the
conductor, was also worn out, like that worker; one could even see that he
was indeed worn out; but who told him to suffer? And on account of what
was he suffering? The opera they were rehearsing was of the most ordinary
kind, for those who are accustomed to them, but made up of the greatest
absurdities one could imagine: an Indian king wants to get married, a
bride is brought to him, he disguises himself as a minstrel, the bride
falls in love with the sham minstrel and is in despair, but then learns
that the minstrel is the king himself, and everyone is very pleased. |
±×·±µ¥, ¿©±â¼
ÇàÇØÁö°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ¿Ö ±×¸®°í ´©±¸¸¦ À§ÇÔÀΰ¡? ÁöÈÖÀÚÀÎ ±×µµ ¿ª½Ã Àú ³ëµ¿ÀÚó·³ ÁöÃÆÀ» °¡´É¼ºµµ »ó´çÈ÷ ÀÖ´Ù; ±×¸®°í
½ÉÁö¾î ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°¡ Á¤¸»·Î ÁöÃÆÀ½À» ±ú´ÞÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù; ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´©°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô °íÅë ¹ÞÀ¸¶ó°í ¸»Çߴ°¡? ±×¸®°í ¹«½¼ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ±×´Â °íÅë
¹Þ°í Àִ°¡? ±×µéÀÌ ¿¹Ç࿬½ÀÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ±× ¿ÀÆä¶ó´Â ±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â Àͼ÷ÇÑ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ°¡Àå Æò¹üÇÑ °Í ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̾úÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®°¡ »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå Å« ¸ð¼øµé·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù: ¾î¶² Àεð¾ð ¿ÕÀÌ °áÈ¥ÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÑ´Ù, ¾î¶² ½ÅºÎ°¡ ±× ¾Õ¿¡ ºÒ·Á¿À°í, ±×´Â À½À¯½ÃÀÎÀ¸·Î
À§ÀåÇÑ´Ù. ½ÅºÎ´Â °¡Â¥ À½À¯½ÃÀΰú »ç¶û¿¡ ºüÁö°í ³«´ãÇÑ´Ù, ÇÏÁö¸¸ °ð ±× À½À¯½ÃÀÎÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿Õ ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ°í, ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¸Å¿ì
Áñ°Å¿öÇÑ´Ù. |
| That there never
were and never could be any such Indians, and that what was portrayed bore
no resemblance not only to Indians but to anything else in the world,
except other operas -
of that there can be no doubt. That no one speaks in recitative, or
expresses their feelings in a quartet, standing at a set distance and
waving their arms, that nowhere except in a theatre does anyone walk that
way, with tinfoil halberds, in slippers, by pairs, that no one ever gets
angry that way, is moved that way, laughs that way, cries that way, and
that no one in the world can be touched by such a performance
-
of that there can also be no doubt. |
´Ù¸¥ ¿ÀÆä¶óµéÀ»
Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ Àεð¾ðµéÀÌ °áÄÚ Á¸ÀçÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í ¹¦»çµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº Àεð¾ðµé»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼¼»óÀÇ
±× ¾î´À °Í°úµµ ´àÀº Á¡ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í - ÀÌ Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¾Æ¹«·± ÀǽÉÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ Á¤ÇØÁø À§Ä¡¿¡ ¼°Å³ª ±×µéÀÇ
ÆÈÀ» Èçµé¸é¼ ¼Ã¢¿¡¼ ¸»Çϰųª »çÁßÁÖ¿¡¼ ±×µéÀÇ ´À³¦µéÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °Í, ±ØÀå¿¡¼ ¸»°í´Â ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼µµ âµµ³¢¸¦ ¸Þ°í
½½¸®ÆÛ¸¦ ½Å°í ¦À» Áþ´Â ±×·± ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î °ÈÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù´Â °Í, ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ȸ¦ ³»°Å³ª, ±×·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î °¨µ¿ ¹Þ°Å³ª, ±×·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î
¿ô°Å³ª, ±×·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿ïÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×·± °ø¿¬À¸·Î °¨µ¿ ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù´Â °Í
-
ÀÌ Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â ¶Ç´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ÀǽÉÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. |
| Involuntarily, a
question comes to mind: for whom is this being done? Who can like it? If
there are occasional pretty tunes in the opera, which it would be pleasant
to hear, they could be sung simply, without those stupid costumes,
processions, recitatives and waving arms. As for the ballet, in which
half-naked women make voluptuous movements, intertwining in various
sensual garlands, it is a downright depraved performance. So that one
simply fails to understand for whom it is intended. For a cultivated man
it is unbearable, tiresome; to a real working man it is totally
incompre¡©hensible. It might be pleasing, and then just barely, to some
depraved artisans who have picked up a gentlemanly spirit but have not yet
been satiated with gentlemanly pleasures, and who want to give testimony
of their civilization, or else to young lackeys. |
¹«½É°á¿¡ ÇÑ
°¡Áö Àǹ®ÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ ¶°¿À¸¥´Ù: ÀÌ ÀÏÀº ´©±¸¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇàÇØÁö°í Àִ°¡? ´©°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡? ¸¸ÀÏ ±× ¿ÀÆä¶ó¿¡ °£°£È÷
¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼±À²µéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© µè±â¿¡ »óÄèÇÏ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍµéÀº ±×ó·³ ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÀÇ»óµé, Çà·Äµé, ¼Ã¢µé ¹× ÆÈ Èçµé±â ¾øÀ̵µ
±×Àú ºÒ·Á Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹ß·¹ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¹Ý ³ªÃ¼ÀÇ ¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö °ü´ÉÀûÀÎ Àå½ÄµéÀ» ÈÖ°¨°í¼ ¿ä¿°ÇÑ µ¿ÀÛµéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»°í ÀÖÀ¸´Ï,
ÀÌ´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Ÿ¶ôÇÑ °ø¿¬ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ´©±¸¸¦ ÇâÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö ±ú´ÞÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±³¾ç ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍÀº ÂüÀ» ¼ö
¾ø°í Áö°ã´Ù; Çö½Ç¿¡¼ ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ½Å»ç´Ù¿î Á¤½ÅÀ» Å͵æÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷ ½Å»ç´Ù¿î
Áñ°Å¿ò µé¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ±×¸®°í ±×µé ¹®¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áõ°Å¸¦ º¸À̰íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀϺΠŸ¶ôÇÑ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀ̳ª ±âŸ ¾î¸° ¾ÆÃ·²Ûµé¿¡´Â Áñ°Å¿ï
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
| And all this
vile stupidity is produced not only with no kindly merriment, with no
simplicity, but with spite and beastly cruelty. |
±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¸ðµç
Áöµ¶È÷ ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÁþÀº ¾î¶² Ä£ÀýÇÑ Áñ°Å¿òµµ Áö´ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¾î¶² ´Ü¼øÇÔµµ Áö´ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¾ÇÀÇ¿Í ¾ß¸¸Àû ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀ» °¡Áö°í
»ý»êµÈ´Ù. |
| It is said that
this is done for the sake of art, and that art is a very important thing.
But is it true that this is art, and that art is such an important thing
that such sacrifices should be offered to it? This question is
particularly important because art, for the sake of which the labor of
millions of people, and the very lives of people, and, above all, love
among people, are offered in sacrifice, this very art is becoming
something more and more vague and indefinite in people¡¯s
minds. |
»ç¶÷µéÀº
¸»Çϱ⸦ À̰ÍÀº ¿¹¼úÀ» À§ÇØ ÇàÇØÁö¸ç ¿¹¼úÀº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ À̰ÍÀÌ ¿¹¼úÀ̶ó´Â °Í, ¿¹¼úÀÌ ±×Åä·Ï Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó¼
ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Èñ»ýµéÀÌ ¹ÙÃÄÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀΰ¡? ÀÌ Áú¹®Àº Ưº°È÷ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¿¹¼ú, À̸¦ À§ÇØ ¼ö¹é ¸¸ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿
±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸ñ¼û ÀÚü, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ, »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÌ Á¦¹°·Î¼ Èñ»ýµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù, ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¿¹¼úÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½
¼Ó¿¡¼ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°í ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾î°¡°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
| Criticism, in
which lovers of art used to find support for their judgments of art, has
lately become so contradictory that, if we should exclude from the realm
of art all that the critics of various schools deny the right of belonging
to art, almost no art would be left. |
ºñÆòÀº, ÀÌ
¾È¿¡¼ ¿¹¼úÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ °üÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ÆÇ´Üµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöÁö¸¦ ±¸Çϰï ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸ð¼øÀûÀ̾î¼, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡
¿¹¼úÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇÐÆÄµéÀÇ ºñÆò°¡µéÀÌ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ¼Ò¼Ó½ÃÅ´À» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù¸é, °ÅÀÇ ¾î¶² ¿¹¼úµµ ³²Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
| Like theologians
of various trends, so artists of various trends exclude and destroy each
other. Listen to the artists of the present-day schools and you will see
in all branches of art one set of artists denying the others: in poetry,
the old romantics deny the Parnassians and decadents; the Parnassians deny
the romantics and the decadents; the decadents deny all their predecessors
and the symbolists; the symbolists deny all their predecessors and les
mages, [1]
while les mages simply deny all their predecessors; in the novel,
naturalists, psychologists and naturists deny each other. And it is the
same in drama, painting and music. So that art, which consumes enormous
amounts of human labor and of human lives, and breaks down love among
people, not only is not anything clearly and firmly defined, but is
understood in such contradictory ways by its lovers, that it is difficult
to say what generally is understood as art, and particularly as good,
useful art, in the name of which such sacrifices as are offered to it may
rightly be offered. |
¸¶Ä¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ
°æÇâÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ´Ù¾çÇÑ °æÇâÀÇ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéµµ ¼·Î¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ÆÄ±«ÇÑ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ÇÐÆÄµéÀÇ ¿¹¼ú°¡µé¿¡°Ô µé¾îº¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é
´ç½ÅÀº ¿¹¼úÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ ÀÏ´ÜÀÇ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ °ÍÀÌ´Ù: ½Ã¹®Çп¡¼±, ±¸ ³¶¸¸ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ ÆÄ³ª½Ã¾È ¹×
µ¥Ä«´ç µéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù; µ¥Ä«´çÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼±¹èµé ¹× »ó¡ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù; »ó¡ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼±¹èµé ¹× ¸¶¹ý»çµéÀ»
°ÅºÎÇϸç, ÇÑÆí ¸¶¹ý»çµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼±¹èµéÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù; ¼Ò¼³¹®Çп¡¼±, ÀÚ¿¬ÁÖÀÇÀÚµé, ½É¸®ÁÖÀÇÀÚµé ¹× ³ªÃ¼ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀ»
¼·Î ºÎÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±Ø¹®ÇÐ, ±×¸² ¹× À½¾Ç¿¡¼µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¿¹¼úÀº, ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ Àΰ£ ³ëµ¿ ¹× Àΰ£ ¸ñ¼ûµéÀ» ¼Ò¸ðÇϰí
»ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ »ç¶ûÀ» °¥¶ó ³õÁö¸¸, ¸í¹éÈ÷ ±×¸®°í È®°íÈ÷ Á¤ÀÇµÈ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×°ÍÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
±×Åä·Ï ¸ð¼øÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØµÇ¾î, ¿¹¼ú·Î, ±×¸®°í ƯÈ÷ ¼±Çϰí À¯ÀÍÇÑ ¿¹¼ú·Î¼, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À̸§ ¾È¿¡¼ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ¹ÙÃÄÁö°í ÀÖ´Â
°Í°ú °°Àº Èñ»ýµéÀÌ Á¤´çÇÏ°Ô ¹ÙÃÄÁú ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï, ÀÌÇØµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϱâ¶õ ¾î·Æ´Ù. |
|
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
| ¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
¡¡ |
[Home]
[Up]
[Contents]
[Preface]
[Bibliographical Note]
[A Note on the Text]
[WHAT IS ART?]
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
[CONCLUSION]
[Appendix I]
[Appendix II]
[Notes]
|
|
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|