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A LETTER TO A HINDU

THE SUBJECTION OF INDIA - ITS CAUSE AND CURE

ÀεµÀο¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ÆíÁö

ÀεµÀÇ Á¾¼Ó - ±× ¿øÀΰú Ä¡À¯


With an Introduction by M. K. GANDHI

¸¶ÇÏÆ®¸¶ Ä«¶÷îµå °£µðÀÇ ¼­¹®

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INTRODUCTION

A LETTER TO A HINDU

I  II  III  IV  V  VI  VII

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ÀεµÀο¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ÆíÁö

I  II  III  IV  V  VI  VII

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INTRODUCTION

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The letter printed below is a translation of Tolstoy's letter written in Russian in reply to one from the Editor of Free Hindustan. After having passed from hand to hand, this letter at last came into my possession through a friend who asked me, as one much interested in Tolstoy's writings, whether I thought it worth publishing. I at once replied in the affirmative, and told him I should translate it myself into Gujarati and induce others' to translate and publish it in various Indian vernaculars. ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ ¼­ÇÑÀº [ÀÚÀ¯ ÀεµÀÎ]ÀÇ ÆíÁýÀڷκÎÅÍ ¿Â ¼­ÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀåÀ¸·Î ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¾²¿©Áø Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ ¼­ÇÑÀÇ ¹ø¿ªÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ¼ÕÀ» °ÅÄ£ ´ÙÀ½¿¡, ÀÌ ¼­ÇÑÀº, Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ¸¹Àº °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¿¬À¯·Î ±×°ÍÀÌ ÃâÆÇÇÒ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´ÂÁö ³»°Ô ¹°Àº ¾î¶² Ä£±¸¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¸¶Ä§³» ³ªÀÇ ¼öÁßÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿Ô´Ù. ³ª´Â ´çÀå ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ´äº¯À» ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ³ª´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍÀ» ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Gujarati¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÒ °Í°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀεµÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¹æ¾ðµé·Î ¹ø¿ªÇϰí ÃâÆÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
The letter as received by me was a type-written copy. It was therefore referred to the author, who confirmed it as his and kindly granted me permission to print it. ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀÔ¼öµÈ ´ë·ÎÀÇ ¼­ÇÑÀº ŸÀÚ·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÈ »çº»À̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÛ°¡¿¡°Ô Á¶È¸ÇÏ¿´°í, ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ³»°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀμâÇÒ °ÍÀ» Ä£ÀýÇÏ°Ô Çã¶ôÇÏ¿´´Ù.
To me, as a humble follower of that great teacher whom I have long looked upon as one of my guides, it is a matter of honour to be connected with the publication of his letter, such especially as the one which is now being given to the world. ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â, ³»°¡ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ³ªÀÇ ÁöÇ¥ÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ¿©°Ü¿Ô´ø ±×Åä·Ï ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¼±»ýÀÇ °â¼ÕÇÑ ½ÅºÀÀڷμ­, Ưº°È÷ ÀÌÁ¦ ¼¼»óÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª·Á´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ÀÌ ¼­ÇÑÀÇ ¹ßÇà¿¡ ¿¬°üÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¿µ±¤½º·± ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. 
It is a mere statement of fact to say that every Indian, whether he owns up to it or not, has national aspirations. But there are as many opinions as there are Indian nationalists as to the exact meaning of that aspiration, and more especially as to the methods to be used to attain the end. Á¦°¢±â ÀεµÀÎÀº, ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏµç ¾Æ´ÏÇϵç, ±¹°¡ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¸ÁµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¼±¾ðÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¿Í °°Àº ¼Ò¸ÁÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­, ƯÈ÷ ±× ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ¹æ¹ýµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­, ÀεµÀÇ ±¹°¡ÁÖÀÇÀÚµé ¼ö ¸¸Å­À̳ª ¸¹Àº ÀǰߵéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.  
One of the accepted and 'time-honoured' methods to attain the end is that of violence. The assassination of Sir Curzon Wylie was an illustration of that method in its worst and most detestable form. Tolstoy's life has been devoted to replacing the method of violence for removing tyranny or securing reform by the method of non-resistance to evil. He would meet hatred expressed in violence by love expressed in self-suffering. He admits of no exception to whittle down this great and divine law of love. He applies it to all the problems that trouble mankind. ±× ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼ö¿ëµÇ¾î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. Curzon Wylie°æÀÇ ¾Ï»ìÀº °¡Àå ±Ø¾ÇÇÏ¸ç °¡Àå Çø¿À½º·± ÇüÅ·μ­ ±×¿Í °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ÇÑ ¿¹½ÃÀÌ´Ù. Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ »îÀº ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϰųª °³ÇõÀ» È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Æø·ÂÀÇ ¹æ¹ý ´ë½Å ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ´ëüÇÔ¿¡ Çå½ÅÇÏ¿© ¿Ô´Ù. ±×´Â Æø·Â¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â Áõ¿À¸¦ Àڱ⠰íÅë¿¡¼­ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌó·³ À§´ëÇÏ¸ç ½ÅÀûÀÎ »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ±ð¾Æ ³»¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² ¿¹¿Üµµ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×´Â Àηù¸¦ ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
When a man like Tolstoy, one of the clearest thinkers in the western world, one of the greatest writers, one who as a soldier has known what violence is and what it can do, condemns Japan for having blindly followed the law of modern science, falsely so-called, and fears for that country 'the greatest calamities', it is for us to pause and consider whether, in our impatience of English rule, we do not want to replace one evil by another and a worse. India, which is the nursery of the great faiths of the world, will cease to be nationalist India, whatever else she may become, when she goes through the process of civilization in the shape of reproduction on that sacred soil of gun factories and the hateful industrialism which has reduced the people of Europe to a state of slavery, and all but stifled among them the best instincts which are the heritage of the human family. ¼­±¸ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¸í·áÇÑ »ç»ó°¡ ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÎ, Å罺ÅäÀÌ °°Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ, º´»çÀÌ´ø ½ÃÀý¿¡ Æø·ÂÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Ò´ø ÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î¼­, ÀϺ»ÀÌ À§¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î Çö´ë °úÇÐÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¸Í¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¾ÇÔÀ», ±×¸®°í ±× ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òµéÀ» '°¡Àå Å« Àç¾Óµé'·Î Á¤ÁËÇÒ ¶§¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿µ±¹ ÅëÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼º±ÞÇÔ¿¡¼­, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¾ÇÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ±×¸®°í ´õÇÑ ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ´ëüÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇϰí ÀÖÁö³ª ¾Ê´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸ØÃ߾ ±íÀÌ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓµéÀÇ »ê½Ç·Î¼­ Àεµ´Â, ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ, ±× ½Å¼ºÇÑ Èë À§¿¡ ¹«±â °øÀåµé ¹× À¯·´ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ë¿¹ÀÇ »óÅ·ΠÀü¶ô½ÃŲ Áõ¿À½º·± »ê¾÷ÁÖÀÇÀÇ Àç»ý»êÀÇ ¸ð½À ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸íÈ­ÀÇ °úÁ¤À» °Þ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Àΰ£ °¡Á·ÀÇ À¯»êÀÎ °¡Àå ¼±ÇÑ º»´ÉµéÀÌ ±×°Íµé ¾È¿¡¼­ °ÅÀÇ Áú½ÄµÇ¾î °¥ ¶§¿¡µµ, ±¹°¡ÁÖÀÇÀû ÀεµÀ̱⸦ ¸ØÃâ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
If we do not want the English in India we must pay the price. Tolstoy indicates it. 'Do not resist evil, but also do not yourselves participate in evil - in the violent deeds of the administration of the law courts, the collection of taxes and, what is more important, of the soldiers, and no one in the world will enslave you', passionately declares the sage of Yasnaya Polyana. Who can question the truth of what he says in the following: 'A commercial company enslaved a nation comprising two hundred millions. Tell this to a man free from superstition and he will fail to grasp what these words mean. What does it mean that thirty thousand people, not athletes, but rather weak and ordinary people, have enslaved two hundred millions of vigorous, clever, capable, freedom-loving people? Do not the figures make it clear that not the English, but the Indians, have enslaved themselves ?' ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ Àεµ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¿µ±¹À» ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ±× ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡·¯¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Å罺ÅäÀÌ´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÁöÀûÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. '¾Ç¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½Å Àڽŵ鵵 ¾Ç - ¹ýÁ¤µéÀÇ ÇàÁ¤À̶ó´Â Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§µé, ¼¼±ÝÀÇ Â¡¼ö, ±×¸®°í ´õ¿í Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº, º´»çµéÀÇ Â¡Áý - ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ±×·¯¸é, ¼¼»óÀÇ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ´ç½ÅÀ» ³ë¿¹È­ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù'¶ó°í ¾ß½º³ª¾ß Æú¸®¾ß³ªÀÇ ÇöÀÚ´Â ¿­Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±Æ÷ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼­ ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ´©°¡ Àǹ®½ÃÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡?: 'ÇÑ »ó¾÷ ȸ»ç°¡ 2¾ïÀÇ Àα¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡¸¦ ³ë¿¹È­ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ì½Å¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸»Çغ¸¶ó ±×·¯¸é ±×´Â ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´ÂÁö ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 3 ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µé, ¿îµ¿¼±¼öµéµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ³ª¾àÇÏ°í Æò¹üÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ¿ø±â¿Õ¼ºÇϰí, ¿µ¸®Çϰí, ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇϴ°¡? ±× ¼öÄ¡´Â ¿µ±¹ÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀεµÀÎµé ½º½º·Î ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ¾úÀ½ÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡?'  
One need not accept all that Tolstoy says-some of his facts are not accurately stated-to realize the central truth of his indictment of the present system, which is to understand and act upon the irresistible power of the soul over the body, of love, which is an attribute of the soul, over the brute or body force generated by the stirring in us of evil passions. ¿ì¸®´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ Ã¼Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ ºñ³­ÀÇ Áß½ÉÀûÀÎ Áø¸®¸¦ ±ú´Ý±â À§ÇØ ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â - ±×ÀÇ »ç½Çµé Áß ÀϺδ Á¤È®È÷ ¾ð±ÞµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î - ¸ðµÎ¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×ÀÇ ¸»Àº À°½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ, ¿ì¸® ¾ÈÀÇ ¾ÇÇÑ ¿­Á¤µéÀÇ ²ÞƲ°Å¸²¿¡ »ý°Ü³­ ¼ö¼º(â®àõ) ¶Ç´Â À°½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ, ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÎ »ç¶ûÀÇ, ÀúÇ×ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÈûÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ±×¿¡ µû¶ó ÇàÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. 
There is no doubt that there is nothing new in what Tolstoy preaches. But his presentation of the old truth is refreshingly forceful. His logic is unassailable. And above all he endeavours to practise what he preaches. He preaches to convince. He is sincere and in earnest. He commands attention. Å罺ÅäÀ̰¡ ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡´Â »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀǽÉÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿À·¡µÈ Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ Ç¥¸íÀº °ý¸ñÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ÈûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ³í¸®´Â °ø°ÝÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ, ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÇõÇϰíÀÚ ¾Ö¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ³³µæÀÌ °¡µµ·Ï ¼³±³Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â Áø½ÇÇϸç ÁøÁöÇÏ´Ù. ±×´Â ÁÖÀǸ¦ ²ø°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
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[19th November, 1909.] M. K. GANDHI [1909 ³â 11 ¿ù 19 ÀÏ] ¸¶ÇÏÆ®¸¶ Ä«¶÷Âùµå °£µð.
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A LETTER TO A HINDU

ÇÑ ÀεµÀο¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ÆíÁö.


By LEO TOLSTOY

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All that exists is One. People only call this One by different names.    THE VEDAS. Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº À¯ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÔÀ» ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À¸·Î ºÎ¸¥´Ù. - THE VEDAS..
God is love, and he that abideth in love abideth in God, and God abideth in him.   I JOHN iv. 16. Çϳª´ÔÀº »ç¶ûÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í »ç¶û¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸£´Â ÀÚ´Â Çϳª´Ô ¾È¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸£¸ç Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸¥´Ù. - ¿äÇѺ¹À½ 4:16
God is one whole; we are the parts.    EXPOSITION OF THE TEACHING OF THE VEDAS BY VIVEKANANDA. Çϳª´ÔÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ÀüüÀ̸ç; ¿ì¸®´Â ºÎºÐµéÀÌ´Ù. - ºñº£Ä«³ª´ÙÀÇ º£´Ù °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ¼®
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I

I

Do not seek quiet and rest in those earthly realms where delusions and desires are engendered, for if thou dost, thou wilt be dragged through the rough wilderness of life, which is far from Me. Whenever thou feelest that thy feet are becoming entangled in the interlaced roots of life, know that thou has strayed from the path to which I beckon thee: for I have placed thee in broad, smooth paths, which are strewn with flowers. I have put a light before thee, which thou canst follow and thus run without stumbling. KRISHNA. ¸Á»óµé°ú ¿å¸ÁµéÀÌ »ý°Ü³ª´Â ±×·± Çö¼¼ÀÇ ¿Õ±¹µé¿¡¼­ °í¿ä¿Í ÈÞ½ÄÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ³ÊÈñ°¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ÊÈñ´Â »îÀÇ °ÅÄ£ Ȳ¾ß·Î ²ø·Á°¥ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô¼­ ¸Ö¸® ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¹ßµéÀÌ »îÀÇ Â¥¿©Áø »Ñ¸®µé ¾È¿¡ ¾ûÄÑ µé°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ´À³¥ ¶§¸¶´Ù, ³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô °¡¸®ÄÑÁØ ±æ¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³µÀ½À» ¾Ëµµ·Ï Ç϶ó: ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ³Ð°í, ºÎµå·¯¿î ±æµé À§¿¡ µÎ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× ±æµéÀº ²Éµé·Î »Ñ·ÁÁ® Àֱ⠶§¹®À̶ó. ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ ¾Õ¿¡ µîºÒÀ» µÎ¾úÀ¸´Ï, ³ÊÈñ°¡ ³Ñ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ±×°ÍÀ» µû¶ó°¡¸ç ´Þ¸± ¼ö ÀÖµµ´Ù. KRISHNA.
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I have received your letter and two numbers of your periodical, both of which interest me extremely. The oppression of a majority by a minority, and the demoralization inevitably resulting from it, is a phenomenon that has always occupied me and has done so most particularly of late. I will try to explain to you what I think about that subject in general, and particularly about the cause from which the dreadful evils of which you write in your letter, and in the Hindu periodical you have sent me, have arisen and continue to arise. ³ª´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö¿Í ´ç½ÅÀÇ 2È£¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ÀâÁöµéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµÎ ³ª¿¡°Ô Áö±ØÈ÷ Èï¹Ì¸¦ ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¼Ò¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¾ï¾Ð ¹× ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â µµ´öÀû Ÿ¶ôÀº, ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ª¸¦ »ç·ÎÀâ¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ƯÈ÷ °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö ±×·¯Çß´ø ÇѰ¡Áö Çö»óÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ±× ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í Ưº°È÷ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±â·ÏÇÑ, ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÌ ³»°Ô º¸³»ÁØ Àεµ ÀâÁö¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ, ±× ¹«¼­¿î ¾ÇµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç °è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ¹ß»ýÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀ¯¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©, ³»°¡ »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ´ç½Å²² ¼³¸íÇϰíÀÚ ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 
The reason for the astonishing fact that a majority of working people submit to a handful of idlers who control their labour and their very lives is always and everywhere the same-whether the oppressors and oppressed are of one race or whether, as in India and elsewhere, the oppressors are of a different nation. ±×µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿°ú ±×µéÀÇ »î ÀÚü¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¸î ¾È µÇ´Â °ÔÀ¸¸§ÀïÀ̵鿡°Ô ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â ±× ³î¶ó¿î »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â - ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚµé ¹× ÇÇ ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÑ Á¾Á·À̵çÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é, Àεµ ¹× ±âŸ¿¡¼­Ã³·³, ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ ¿Ôµç - ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×¸®°í ¾îµð¿¡¼­³ª ¶È°°½À´Ï´Ù.
This phenomenon seems particularly strange in India, for there more than two hundred million people, highly gifted both physically and mentally, find themselves in the power of a small group of people quite alien to them in thought, and immeasurably inferior to them in religious morality. ÀÌ·± Çö»óÀº Ưº°È÷ Àεµ¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°÷¿¡¼­´Â, °øÈ÷ ½ÅüÀû ¹× Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î Ź¿ùÇÑ Àç´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, 2¾ïÀÌ ³Ñ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, »ç»óÀûÀ¸·Î ±×µé¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ, ±×¸®°í Á¾±³Àû µµ´ö¼º¿¡¼­ ±×µé¿¡ ºñÇØ Ãø·®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ¿­µîÇÑ, ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀÇ Áý´ÜÀÇ ±Ç·Â¿¡ ±×µé ½º½º·Î°¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 
From your letter and the articles in Free Hindustan as well as from the very interesting writings of the Hindu Swami Vivekananda and others, it appears that, as is the case in our time with the ills of all nations, the reason lies in the lack of a reasonable religious teaching which by explaining the meaning of life would supply a supreme law for the guidance of conduct and would replace the more than dubious precepts of pseudo-religion and pseudo-science with the immoral conclusions deduced from them and commonly called 'civilization'. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö¿Í [ÀÚÀ¯ ÀεµÀÎ]¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±â»çµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Hindu Swami Vivekananda ¹× ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸Å¿ì Èï¹Ì ÀÖ´Â ÀÛǰµé·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¸ðµç  ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ºÒÇàµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â, »îÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¼³¸íÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÁöħÀ¸·Î¼­ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â, ±×¸®°í  À¯»ç Á¾±³ÀÇ ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§µé ¹× ±×°Íµé·ÎºÎÅÍ µµÃâµÈ ±×¸®°í ÈçÈ÷ '¹®¸í'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ºñµµ´öÀûÀÎ °á·ÐµéÀ» ´ëüÇÏ´Â,  ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ Á¾±³Àû °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ °á¿©¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Your letter, as well as the articles in Free Hindustan and Indian political literature generally, shows that most of the leaders of public opinion among your people no longer attach any significance to the religious teachings that were and are professed by the peoples of India, and recognize no possibility of freeing the people from the oppression they endure except by adopting the irreligious and profoundly immoral social arrangements under which the English and other pseudo-Christian nations live to-day. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö´Â, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î [ÀÚÀ¯ ÀεµÀÎ] ¹× ÀεµÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ Àú¼úµéÀÇ ±â»çµéµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ´ç½Åµé ±¹¹Îµé Áß ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿©·ÐÀÇ ¼±µµÀÚµéÀº ÀεµÀÇ ±¹¹Îµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °í¹éµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç °í¹éµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â Á¾±³Àû °¡¸£Ä§µé¿¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾Æ¹«·± Á߿伺À» µÎ°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç,  ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿µ±¹ÀÎµé ¹× ±âŸ À¯»ç ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Â ¹ÝÁ¾±³ÀûÀÌ¸ç ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ºñµµ´öÀûÀÎ »çȸÀû Á¦µµµéÀ» äÅÃÇÔÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ±×µéÀÌ °Þ´Â ¾ÐÁ¦·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¹¹ÎµéÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀνÄÇϰí ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. 
And yet the chief if not the sole cause of the enslavement of the Indian peoples by the English lies in this very absence of a religious consciousness and of the guidance for conduct which should flow from it - a lack common in our day to all nations East and West, from Japan to England and America alike. ±×·¯³ª ¿µ±¹Àε鿡 ÀÇÇÑ ÀεµÀÇ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ ¿¹¼ÓÈ­ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê°ÚÁö¸¸ ÁÖµÈ ¿øÀÎÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á¾±³Àû ÀÇ½Ä ¹× ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯³ª¿Í¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ºÎÀç ±× ÀÚüÀ̸ç, ±× °á¿©´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ µ¿¾ç°ú ¼­¾çÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¹°¡µé¿¡, ±×¸®°í ÀϺ»À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿µ±¹ ¹× ¹Ì±¹¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö °øÅëÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 
¡¡ ¡¡

II

II

0 ye, who see perplexities over your heads, beneath your feet, and to the right and left of you; you will be an eternal enigma unto yourselves until ye become humble and joyful as children. Then will ye find Me, and having found Me in yourselves, you will rule over worlds, and looking out from the great world within to the little world without, you will bless everything that is, and find all is well with time and with you. KRISHNA. ¿À ³ÊÈñ´Â, ³ÊÈñ ¸Ó¸® À§, ³ÊÈñ ¹ß ¾Æ·¡, ±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñ ¿À¸¥Âʰú ¿ÞÂÊÀÇ È¥¶õµéÀ» º¸´Â±¸³ª; ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¾ÆÀ̵éó·³ °â¼ÕÇÏ°í ±â»µÁú ¶§±îÁö ³ÊÈñ´Â ³ÊÈñ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¿µ¿øÇÑ ¼ö¼ö²²³¢ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¸é ³ÊÈñ´Â ³ª¸¦ º¼ °ÍÀ̸ç, ³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡¼­ ³ª¸¦ ã¾Æ³»°í, ³ÊÈñ´Â ¼¼»óÀ» ´Ù½º¸± °ÍÀ̸ç, ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ¼¼»óÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ù±ù¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¶±×¸¸ ¼¼»óÀ» ÇâÇØ ¹Ù¶ó º¼ °ÍÀ̸ç, ³ÊÈñ´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÃູÇϰí, ½Ã°£°ú ÇÔ²² ±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñ¿Í ÇÔ²² ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ¿ÂÀüÇÔÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. KRISHNA
¡¡ ¡¡
To make my thoughts clear to you I must go farther back. We do not, cannot, and I venture to say need not, know how men lived millions of years ago or even ten thousand years ago, but we do know positively that, as far back as we have any knowledge of mankind, it has always lived in special groups of families, tribes, and nations in which the majority, in the conviction that it must be so, submissively and willingly bowed to the rule of one or more persons-that is to a very small minority. Despite all varieties of circumstances and personalities these relations manifested themselves among the various peoples of whose origin we have any knowledge; and the farther back we go the more absolutely necessary did this arrangement appear, both to the rulers and the ruled, to make it possible for people to live peacefully together. ³ªÀÇ »ý°¢µéÀ» ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³ª´Â ÈξÀ ÀÌÀüÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡¾ß ÇϰڽÀ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ¶Ç´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ¸¸³â Àü¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Ò´ÂÁö ¾ËÁöµµ, ¾Ë ¼öµµ, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â °¨È÷ ¾Ë Çʿ䵵 ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®°¡ Àηù¿¡ °üÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¸¸Å­ÀÇ °ú°Å¿¡µµ, ¾ðÁ¦³ª °¡Á·µé, Á¾Á·µé, ¹× ¹ÎÁ·µé °°Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Áý´ÜµéÀÌ »ì¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ±×µé Áß¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼ö°¡, ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×·¯ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ½Å³ä¿¡¼­, ¼øÁ¾Çϸ鼭 ±â²¨ÀÌ Çϳª ¶Ç´Â ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ - ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¸Å¿ì ÀûÀº ¼Ò¼öÀÇ - ÅëÄ¡¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇßÀ½À» ´Ü¿¬ÄÚ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç ´Ù¾çÇÑ »óȲµé ¹× ¼º°Ýµé¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí ÀÌµé °ü°èµéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ±× ±Ù¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³µ½À´Ï´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®°¡ ´õ¿í °ú°Å·Î °¥ ¼ö·Ï ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á¦µµµéÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÆòÈ­·Ó°Ô ÇÔ²² »ì¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï, ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµé ¹× ÇÇÄ¡Àڵ鿡°Ô °øÈ÷, ´õ¿í Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´´ø °Íó·³ º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù
So it was everywhere. But though this external form of life existed for centuries and still exists, very early-thousands of years before our time-amid this life based on coercion, one and the same thought constantly emerged among different nations, namely, that in every individual a spiritual element is manifested that gives life to all that exists, and that this spiritual element strives to unite with everything of a like nature to itself, and attains this aim through love. This thought appeared in most various forms at different times and places, with varying completeness and clarity. It found expression in Brahmanism, Judaism, Mazdaism (the teachings of Zoroaster), in Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and in the writings of the Greek and Roman sages, as well as in Christianity and Mohammedanism. The mere fact that this thought has sprung up among different nations and at different times indicates that it is inherent in human nature and contains the truth. But this truth was made known to people who considered that a community could only be kept together if some of them restrained others, and so it appeared quite irreconcilable with the existing order of society. Moreover it was at first expressed only fragmentarily, and so obscurely that though people admitted its theoretic truth they could not entirely accept it as guidance for their conduct. Then, too, the dissemination of the truth in a society based on coercion was always hindered in one and the same manner, namely, those in power, feeling that the recognition of this truth would undermine their position, consciously or sometimes unconsciously perverted it by explanations and additions quite foreign to it, and also opposed it by open violence. Thus the truth-that his life should be directed by the spiritual element which is its basis, which manifests itself as love, and which is so natural to man-this truth, in order to force a way to man's consciousness, had to struggle not merely against the obscurity with which it was expressed and the intentional and unintentional distortions surrounding it, but also against deliberate violence, which by means of persecutions and punishments sought to compel men to accept religious laws authorized by the rulers and conflicting with the truth. Such a hindrance and misrepresentation of the truth-which had not yet achieved complete clarity-occurred everywhere: in Confucianism and Taoism, in Buddhism and in Christianity, in Mohammedanism and in your Brahmanism. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀº ¾îµð¿¡³ª ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ÇüŰ¡ ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸Å¿ì Ãʱ⿡ - ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëº¸´Ù ¼ö õ³â Àü¿¡ - °­¾Ð¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ÀÌ·± »îÀÇ ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥´Â, »óÀÌÇÑ ±¹°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÇϳªÀÌ¸ç µ¿ÀÏÇÑ »ç»óÀÌ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ºÎ»óÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Áï, ÀÌ »ç»óÀº Á¦°¢±â °³ÀÎ ¾È¿¡´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °Íµé¿¡°Ô »ý¸íÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¿µÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÇ¸ç, ÀÌ ¿µÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò´Â À¯»çÇÑ ¼ºÁúÀ» Áö´Ñ °¢°¢ÀÇ °ÍÀ» ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ÇÔ²² ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ·Á ¾Ö¾´´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ç»óÀº ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã´ëµé°ú Àå¼Òµé¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ´Ù¾çÇÑ Çüŵé·Î ÃâÇöÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿Ï¼ºµµ¿Í ¸í·áÇÔÀ» Áö³æ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀº ºê¶ó¸¸±³, À¯´ë±³, ¸¶Áî´Ù±³(Á¶·Î¾Æ½ºÅÍÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§µé)¿¡¼­, ºÒ±³, µµ±³, ¹× ±×¸®½º ¹× ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÇöÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÛǰµé¿¡¼­´Â ¹°·Ð, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¹× ¸¶È£¸ÞÆ®±³¿¡ ¹ß°ßµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ç»óÀÌ »óÀÌÇÑ ±¹°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ±×¸®°í »óÀÌÇÑ ½Ã´ëµé¿¡¼­ ¼Ú¾Æ³µ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç »çü´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ º»¼º¿¡ ³»ÀçµÈ °ÍÀ̸ç Áø¸®¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖÀ½À» °¡¸®Åµ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± Áø¸®´Â ÇÑ °øµ¿Ã¼°¡ ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾ï´©¸¥´Ù¸é ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÔ²² À¯ÁöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¸¸ ¾Ë·ÁÁ³À¸¸ç, ±×·¡¼­ ±×°ÍÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ »çȸ Áú¼­¿Í »ó´çÈ÷ ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³ º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ±×°ÍÀº óÀ½¿¡ ´ÜÆíÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³Ê¹«³ª Èñ¹ÌÇÏ¿©¼­ ºñ·Ï »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀû Áø½ÇÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ±×µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÁöħÀ¸·Î¼­ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¶§µµ ¿ª½Ã, °­¾ÐÀ» Åä´ë·Î ÇÏ´Â »çȸ ¾È¿¡¼­ Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀüÆÄ´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÇϳªÀÌÀÚ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀúÁöµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Áï, ±Ç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀº, ÀÌ·± Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀÎÁ¤ÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ Àá½ÄÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â¸é¼­, ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ±×°Í°ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ ÇØ¼®µé°ú ÷°¡µé·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ¿Ö°îÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ °ø°ø¿¬ÇÑ Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» °¡·Î¸·¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© Áø¸®´Â - ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀÌ, Áø¸®ÀÇ Åä´ëÀ̸ç, »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ, ¿µÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀεµµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í -, ÀÌ Áø¸®´Â, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀǽÄÀ» ÇâÇÑ ±æÀ» °­Á¦Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ±×°ÍÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â ºÒ¸í·áÇÔ¿¡ ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â °íÀÇÀû ¹× ¿ì¹ßÀûÀÎ ¿Ö°îµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀǵµÀûÀÎ Æø·Â, Áï ¹ÚÇØµé°ú ó¹úµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­ ½ÂÀεǾúÀ¸¸ç Áø¸®¿Í Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â Á¾±³Àû ¹ý·üµéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̵µ·Ï ÇÏ´Â Æø·Â¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿©¾ß Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¿Í °°Àº ¹æÇØ¿Í ¿ÀÀü(è¦îî)Àº - ¾ÆÁ÷ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸í·áÇÔÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­ - À¯±³ ¹× µµ±³¿¡¼­, ±×¸®°í ºÒ±³¿¡¼­ ¹× ±×¸®½ºµµ±³¿¡¼­, ¸¶È£¸ÞÆ®±³¿¡¼­ ¹× ´ç½ÅÀÇ ºê¶ó¸¸±³¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. 
¡¡ ¡¡

III

III

My hand has sowed love everywhere, giving unto all that will receive. Blessings are offered unto all My children, but many times in their blindness they fail to see them. How few there are who gather the gifts which lie in profusion at their feet: how many there are, who, in wilful waywardness, turn their eyes away from them and complain with a wail that they have not that which I have given them; many of them defiantly repudiate not only My gifts, but Me also, Me, the Source of all blessings and the Author of their being. KRISHNA. ³ªÀÇ ¼ÕÀº ¸ðµç °÷¿¡ »ç¶ûÀ» ½É¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¹Þ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç Àڵ鿡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú³ë¶ó. ³ªÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô ÃູÀ» ³»·ÈÀ¸³ª, ±×µéÀÇ ¸Í¸ñ(ØîÙÍ)À¸·Î ¿©·¯ ¹ø ±×°ÍµéÀ» º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¹ß ¾Æ·¡ ³Î·Á ÀÖ´Â ¼±¹°µéÀ» °ÅµÎ´Â ÀÚµéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÀûÀº°¡: °íÁý½º·± º¯´öÀ¸·Î, ±×µéÀÇ ´«µéÀ» ±×°Íµé¿¡¼­ µ¹¸®°í ³»°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁØ °ÍÀ» °®Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ½½ÇÇ Çϼҿ¬ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº°¡; ±×µé Áß ¸¹Àº ÀÚµéÀº ³ªÀÇ ¼±¹°µé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ³ª, ¸ðµç ÃູµéÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ̸ç, ±×µé Á¸ÀçÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÀÚÀÎ ³ª¸¦ °ÅºÎÇϴ±¸³ª. KRISHNA.
I tarry awhile from the turmoil and strife of the world. I will beautify and quicken thy life with love and with joy, for the light of the soul is Love. Where Love is, there is contentment and peace, and where there is contentment and peace, there am I, also, in their midst. KRISHNA. ³ª´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ È¥¶õ°ú ´ÙÅù¿¡¼­ Àá½Ã ¸Ö¸® ÀÖ³ë¶ó. ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ »îÀ» »ç¶û°ú ±â»ÝÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¸§´ä°Ô ¸¸µé°í »ý±â ÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µé °ÍÀÌ´Ï, ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ºûÀº »ç¶ûÀ̶ó. »ç¶ûÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ ¸¸Á·°ú ÆòÈ­°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸¸Á·°ú ÆòÈ­°¡ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡, ±×°÷¿¡ ³»°¡, ¶ÇÇÑ, ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ ÀÖ³ë¶ó. KRISHNA.

The aim of the sinless One consists in acting without causing sorrow to others, although he could attain to great power by ignoring their feelings.

The aim of the sinless One lies in not doing evil unto those who have done evil unto him.

If a man causes suffering even to those who hate him without any reason, he will ultimately have grief not to be overcome.

The punishment of evil doers consists in making them feel ashamed of themselves by doing them a great kindness.

Of what use is superior knowledge in the one, if he does not endeavour to relieve his neighbour's want as much as his own?

If, in the morning, a man wishes to do evil unto another, in the evening the evil will return to him.

THE HINDU KURAL.

ÁË ¾ø´Â ÀÚÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ´Ù¸¥ Àڵ鿡°Ô ½½ÇÄÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾Ê°í ÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ³ª´Ï, ºñ·Ï ±×°¡ ±×µéÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ¿© Ä¿´Ù¶õ ÈûÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ»Áö¶óµµ.
ÁË ¾ø´Â ÀÚÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÑ Àڵ鿡°Ô ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½¿¡ ÀÖµµ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½ÉÁö¾î ¾Æ¹« ÀÌÀ¯ ¾øÀÌ ±×¸¦ Áõ¿ÀÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¶óµµ °íÅëÀ» Áشٸé, ±×´Â °á±¹ ±Øº¹µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÈÄȸ¸¦ ¾ò°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Ã³¹úÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô Ä¿´Ù¶õ Ä£ÀýÀ» ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×µé ½º½º·Î ºÎ²ô·¯¿ö Çϵµ·Ï ¸¸µê¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
»ç¶÷¿¡°Ô À־ ¶Ù¾î³­ Áö½ÄÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀ̰ڴ°¡, ¸¸ÀÏ ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ °Í ¸¸Å­ ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ °íÅëÀ» ´ú¾îÁÖ·Á ¾Ö¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é?
¸¸ÀÏ, ¾ÆÄ§¿¡, ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇϰíÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Àú³áÀÌ¸é ±× ¾ÇÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô µ¹¾Æ ¿À¸®¶ó.

THE HINDU KURAL.
¡¡ ¡¡
Thus it went on everywhere. The recognition that love represents the highest morality was nowhere denied or contradicted, but this truth was so interwoven everywhere with all kinds of falsehoods which distorted it, that finally nothing of it remained but words. It was taught that this highest morality was only applicable to private life-for home use, as it were-but that in public life all forms of violence-such as imprisonment, executions, and wars-might be used for the protection of the majority against a minority of evildoers, though such means were diametrically opposed to any vestige of love. And though common sense indicated that if some men claim to decide who is to be subjected to violence of all kinds for the benefit of others, these men to whom violence is applied may, in turn, arrive at a similar conclusion with regard to those who have employed violence to them, and though the great religious teachers of Brahmanism, Buddhism, and above all of Christianity, foreseeing such a perversion of the law of love, have constantly drawn attention to the one invariable condition of love (namely, the enduring of injuries, insults, and violence of all kinds without resisting evil by evil) people continued-regardless of all that leads man forward-to try to unite the incompatibles: the virtue of love, and what is opposed to love, namely, the restraining of evil by violence. And such a teaching, despite its inner contradiction, was so firmly established that the very people who recognize love as a virtue accept as lawful at the same time an order of life based on violence and allowing men not merely to torture but even to kill one another. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµç °÷¿¡¼­ ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¶ûÀÌ Áö°íÇÑ µµ´öÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù´Â ÀνÄÀº ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼­µµ ºÎÀεǰųª ºÎÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ Áø¸®´Â ¾îµð¿¡ °¡³ª ±×°ÍÀ» ¿Ö°îÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ °ÅÁþµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¿«¾îÁ®¼­, ¸¶Ä§³» ¸» ¹Û¿¡´Â ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Áö°íÀÇ µµ´öÀº, ¿ÀÁ÷ »çÀûÀÎ »î - À̸¦Å׸é, Áý¾ÈÀÇ ¿ëµµ - ¿¡¸¸ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °øÁßÀÇ »î¿¡¼­´Â ¸ðµç ÇüÅÂÀÇ Æø·Âµé - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é Åõ¿Á, óÇüµé, ¹× ÀüÀïµé - ÀÌ, ºñ·Ï ±×·± ¼ö´ÜµéÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇÑ »ç¶ûÀÇ ÈçÀû¿¡µµ Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î ´ëÄ¡µÇ´õ¶óµµ, ¼Ò¼öÀÇ Çà¾ÇÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼ö¸¦ º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃÄÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¾ç½ÉÀÌ, ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´©°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ À¯ÀÍÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Æø·Â¿¡ Ã³ÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù¸é, Æø·ÂÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ¾îÁö´Â ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ, µ¹ÀÌÄѼ­, ±×µé¿¡°Ô Æø·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© À¯»çÇÑ °á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í °¡¸®ÄÑ ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ºñ·Ï ºê¶ó¸¸±³, ºÒ±³, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ Á¾±³ ¼±»ýµéÀÌ, »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¿Í °°Àº ¿Ö°îÀ» ¿¹°ßÇÏ°í¼­, »ç¶ûÀÇ ºÒº¯ÇÏ´Â »óÅ (Áï, °íÅëµé, ¸ð¿åµé ¹× ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Æø·ÂµéÀ» ¾Ç¿¡ ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ÀúÇ×ÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ Âü´Â °Í)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ÁÖ¸ñÇØ ¿ÔÀ½¿¡µµ, »ç¶÷µéÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ - »ç¶÷À» ¾ÕÀ¸·Î À̲ô´Â ¸ðµç °Íµé¿¡ °ü°è ¾øÀÌ - ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íµé - »ç¶ûÀÇ ¹Ì´ö, ±×¸®°í »ç¶û¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â °Í, Áï Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î¼­ ¾ÇÀ» ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â °Í - À» °áÇÕÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·± °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ±× ³»ÀûÀÎ ¸ð¼ø¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ³Ê¹«³ª ±»°ÇÈ÷ È®¸³µÇ¾î¼­ »ç¶ûÀ» ¹Ì´öÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé Á¶Â÷µµ, Æø·ÂÀ» Åä´ë·Î ÇÏ´Â »îÀÇ Áú¼­¿Í µ¿½Ã¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °í¹®ÇÏ´Â °Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼­·Î Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ», ÇÕ¹ýÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
For a long time people lived in this obvious contradiction without noticing it. But a time arrived when this contradiction became more and more evident to thinkers of various nations. And the old and simple truth that it is natural for men to help and to love one another, but not to torture and to kill one another, became ever clearer, so that fewer and fewer people were able to believe the sophistries by which the distortion of the truth had been made so plausible. ¿À·§µ¿¾È »ç¶÷µéÀº À̰°ÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÑ ¸ð¼ø ¾È¿¡¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸² ¾øÀÌ »ì¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ¸ð¼øÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ »ç»ó°¡µé¿¡°Ô Á¡Á¡ ´õ ºÐ¸íÇØÁö´Â ½Ã´ë°¡ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼­·Î¸¦ µ½°í »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç¿¬Çϸç, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °í¹®ÇÏ°í »ìÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â, ¿À·¡µÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ´Ü¼øÇÑ, Áø¸®°¡ ÀÌÀüº¸´Ù ´õ¿í ¸í¹éÇØ Á³À¸¸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿Ö°îÀÌ ±×Åä·Ï ±×·² µí Çß¾ú´ø ±Ëº¯µéÀ» Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÀûÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.  
In former times the chief method of justifying the use of violence and thereby infringing the law of love was by claiming a divine right for the rulers: the Tsars, Sultans, Rajahs, Shahs, and other heads of states. But the longer humanity lived the weaker grew the belief in this peculiar, God-given right of the ruler. That belief withered in the same way and almost simultaneously in the Christian and the Brahman world, as well as in Buddhist and Confucian spheres, and in recent times it has so faded away as to prevail no longer against man's reasonable understanding and the true religious feeling. People saw more and more clearly, and now the majority see quite clearly, the senselessness and immorality of subordinating their wills to those of other people just like themselves, when they are bidden to do what is contrary not only to their interests but also to their moral sense. And so one might suppose that having lost confidence in any religious authority for a belief in the divinity of potentates of various kinds, people would try to free themselves from subjection to it. But unfortunately not only were the rulers, who were considered supernatural beings, benefited by having the peoples in subjection, but as a result of the belief in, and during the rule of, these pseudodivine beings, ever larger and larger circles of people grouped and established themselves around them, and under an appearance of governing took advantage of the people. And when the old deception of a supernatural and God-appointed authority had dwindled away these men were only concerned to devise a new one which like its predecessor should make it possible to hold the people in bondage to a limited number of rulers. °ú°Å ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â Æø·ÂÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Â ±×¸®°í ±×·³À¸·Î½á »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ħ¹üÇÏ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀº ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡°Ô ½ÅÀûÀÎ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù: Â¥¸£, ¼úź, ¶óÀÚ, »þ, ±×¸®°í ±âŸ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¼ö¹Ýµé. ±×·¯³ª Àηù°¡ ¿À·¡ »ì¾Æ °¡¸é °¥ ¼ö·Ï ÀÌ·± ƯÀÌÇÑ, ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ, Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ³»¸°, ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Àº ´õ¿í ¾àÇØÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·± ¹ÏÀ½Àº ¶È°°Àº ½ÄÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í °ÅÀÇ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¹× ºê¶ó¸¸±³ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­, °Ô´Ù°¡ ºÒ±³ ¹× À¯±³ ±Ç¿¡¼­µµ ½Ãµé¾úÀ¸¸ç, °¡±î¿î ½Ã´ëµé¿¡µµ ±×°ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª Èñ¹ÌÇØÁ®¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÇ À̼ºÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇØ¿Í ÂüµÈ Á¾±³Àû Á¤¼­¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ¿© ´õ ÀÌ»ó Ç༼ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌÀ͵鿡 »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µéÀÇ µµ´öÀû Á¤¼­¿¡µµ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¸í·É ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, ±×µéÀÇ ÀÇÁöµéÀ» ±×µé Àڽŵé°ú À¯»çÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇÁöµé¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÔÀÇ ¹«ºÐº°ÇÔ°ú ºÎµµ´ö¼ºÀ», Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌÁ¦´Â ´Ù¼ö°¡ »ó´çÈ÷ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ±ú´Ý°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¡¼­, ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀÚµéÀÇ ½Å¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ À־ ¾î¶² Á¾±³Àû ±ÇÀ§µµ ½Å·Ú¸¦ »ó½ÇÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î, »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¾¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Áú °ÍÀ» ½ÃµµÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â °¡Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºÒÇàÇϰԵµ, ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ Á¸Àçµé·Î ¿©°ÜÁ³À¸¸ç, »ç¶÷µéÀ» º¹Á¾ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µêÀ¸·Î½á ÇýÅÃÀ» ¹Þ´ø ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, À̵é ÇãÀ§ÀÇ ½ÅÀûÀÎ Á¸Àçµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­, ±×¸®°í À̵鿡 ÀÇÇÑ ÅëÄ¡ ±â°£ µ¿¾È, ±×µé ÁÖº¯¿¡ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Ä¿°¡´Â ¹«¸®ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áý´ÜÈ­ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ¸®Àâ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÅëÄ¡¶ó´Â ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ̸ç Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÓ¸íÇÑ ±ÇÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ú°ÅÀÇ ±â¸¸ÀÌ ½Ãµé¾îÁöÀÚ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀüÀÓÀÚµéó·³ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡°Ô ¿¹¼Ó »óÅ·ΠµÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀ» °í¾ÈÇÔ¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
¡¡ ¡¡

IV

IV

Children, do you want to know by what your hearts should be guided? Throw aside your longings and strivings after that which is null and void; get rid of your erroneous thoughts about happiness and wisdom, and your empty and insincere desires. Dispense with these and you will know Love. KRISHNA. ÀÚ³àµé¾Æ, ³ÊÈñ ¸¶À½µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ÀεµµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó´À³Ä? °øÇãÇÑ °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ÊÈñÀÇ °¥¸Áµé°ú ³ë·ÂµéÀ» ´øÁ®¹ö·Á¶ó; Çູ°ú ÁöÇý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ÊÈñÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ý°¢µé, ±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñÀÇ °øÇãÇÏ°í ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ ¿å¸ÁµéÀ» ¹þ¾î ´øÁö¶ó. À̰͵éÀ» ¾øÀÌÇÏ¸é ³ÊÈñ´Â »ç¶ûÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¸®¶ó. KRISHNA. 
Be not the destroyers of yourselves. Arise to your true Being, and then you will have nothing to fear. KRISHNA. ½º½º·Î¸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ µÇÁö ¸»¶ó. ³ÊÈñÀÇ ÂüµÈ Á¸Àç·Î ±ú¾î³ª¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ³ÊÈñ´Â µÎ·Á¿öÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸®¶ó. KRISHNA. 
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New justifications have now appeared in place of the antiquated, obsolete, religious ones. These new justifications are just as inadequate as the old ones, but as they are new their futility cannot immediately be recognized by the majority of men. Besides this, those who enjoy power propagate these new sophistries and support them so skilfully that they seem irrefutable even to many of those who suffer from the oppression these theories seek to justify. These new justifications are termed 'scientific'. But by the term 'scientific' is understood just what was formerly understood by the term 'religious': just as formerly everything called 'religious' was held to be unquestionable simply because it was called religious, so now all that is called 'scientific' is held to be unquestionable. In the present case the obsolete religious justification of violence which consisted in the recognition of the supernatural personality of the God-ordained ruler ('there is no power but of God') has been superseded by the 'scientific' justification which puts forward, first, the assertion that because the coercion of man by man has existed in all ages, it follows that such coercion must continue to exist. This assertion that people should continue to live as they have done throughout past ages rather than as their reason and conscience indicate, is what 'science' calls 'the historic law'. A further 'scientific' justification lies in the statement that as among plants and wild beasts there is a constant struggle for existence which always results in the survival of the fittest, a similar struggle should be carried on among human beings-beings, that is, who are gifted with intelligence and love; faculties lacking in the creatures subject to the struggle for existence and survival of the fittest. Such is the second 'scientific' justification. »õ·Î¿î Á¤´çÈ­µéÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ °í·çÇϰí, ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â, Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °ÍµéÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© ³ªÅ¸³µ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌµé »õ·Î¿î Á¤´çÈ­µéÀº °ú°ÅÀÇ °Íµé ¸¸Å­À̳ª ¸ð¼øÀûÀ̾úÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍµéÀº »õ°ÍÀ̾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±×µéÀÇ ¹«¿ë¼ºÀº ´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áï½Ã ÀνĵǾîÁú ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±Ç·ÂÀ» ´©¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌµé »õ·Î¿î ±Ëº¯µéÀ» ÀüÆÄÇÏ°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¸Å¿ì ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¿øÇÏ¿©¼­ À̵é À̷еéÀÌ Á¤´çÈ­ÇϰíÀÚ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¾ï¾Ðµé·ÎºÎÅÍ °íÅë ¹Þ´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Á¶Â÷µµ ³íÀÇÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â °Íó·³ º¸Àδٴ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº »õ·Î¿î Á¤´ç¼ºµéÀº '°úÇÐÀû'À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾îÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª '°úÇÐÀû'À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î·Î ÀÌÇØµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î °ú°Å¿¡ 'Á¾±³Àû'À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î·Î ÀÌÇØµÇ´ø °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù: °ú°Å¿¡ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ Á¾±³ÀûÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ 'Á¾±³Àû'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ Àǹ®ÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´ø °Í°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ, ÀÌÁ¦ '°úÇÐÀû'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Àǹ®ÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁý´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀçÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÓ¸íÇÑ('¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±Ç·Â¸¸ ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù') ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÇ ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ¼º°ÝÀÇ ÀνÄÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´ø Æø·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â Á¾±³Àû Á¤´çÈ­´Â '°úÇÐÀû' Á¤´çÈ­·Î ´ëüµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀº, ¸ÕÀú, »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­Á¦´Â ¸ðµç ½Ã´ëµé¿¡¼­ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ±×°ÍÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ °­Á¦´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ Á¸ÀçÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀ̶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ À̼º ¹× ¾ç½ÉÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â °Íº¸´Ù´Â °ú°ÅÀÇ ½Ã´ëµéÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ÇàÇØÁö´ø ´ë·Î °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â, ÀÌ·± ÁÖÀåÀº, '°úÇÐ'ÀÌ ÀÏÄ´ ¹Ù, "¿ª»çÀû ¹ýÄ¢"ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áøº¸ÇÑ '°úÇÐÀû' Á¤´çÈ­´Â ½Ä¹°µé°ú ¾ß»ý Áü½Âµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀûÀÚ »ýÁ¸À» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â »ýÁ¸ ÅõÀïÀÌ ÀÖµíÀÌ, Àΰ£ Á¸Àçµé - ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¿µ¸®ÇÔ°ú »ç¶ûÀ» Ÿ°í³­ Á¸Àç; »ýÁ¸ ÅõÀï°ú ÀûÀÚ »ýÁ¸¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÈ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °á¿©µÈ ´É·Âµé - »çÀÌ¿¡¼­µµ À¯»çÇÑ ÅõÀïÀÌ ¼öÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¼±¾ðÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î µÎ ¹øÂ°ÀÇ '°úÇÐÀû' Á¤´çÈ­ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
The third, most important, and unfortunately most widespread justification is, at bottom, the age- old religious one just a little altered: that in public life the suppression of some for the protection of the majority cannot be avoided-so that coercion is unavoidable however desirable reliance on love alone might be in human intercourse. The only difference in this justification by pseudo-science consists in the fact that, to the question why such and such people and not others have the right to decide against whom violence may and must be used, pseudo-science now gives a different reply to that given by religion-which declared that the right to decide was valid because it was pronounced by persons possessed of divine power. 'Science' says that these decisions represent the will of the people, which under a constitutional form of government is supposed to find expression in all the decisions and actions of those who are at the helm at the moment. ¼¼ ¹øÂ°À̸ç, °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ, ±×¸®°í ºÒÇàÇϰԵµ °¡Àå ¸¸¿¬µÈ Á¤´çÈ­´Â, »ç½Ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾à°£ º¯ÇüµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ¿À·¡ ¹¬Àº Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: Áï, °øÀûÀÎ »î¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼öÀÇ º¸È£¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀϺο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ï¾ÐÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù - ±×·¡¼­ Àΰ£ÀÇ ±³Á¦¿¡ À־ ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶û¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ °­Á¦´Â ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À¯»ç °úÇп¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á¤´çÈ­¿¡ À־ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ´Â, Æø·ÂÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ ±×¸®°í ¹Ýµå½Ã »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ °áÁ¤ÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ¿Ö ±×·¸°í ±×·± »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡Áö¸ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °¡ÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­, À¯»ç °úÇÐÀº ÀÌÁ¦ - °áÁ¤ÇÒ ±Ç¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÑ ±Ç·ÂÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼±¾ðµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¼±Æ÷ÇÏ´ø - Á¾±³¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖ¾îÁø °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ ´ë´äÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. '°úÇÐ'Àº, ÀÌ·± °áÁ¤µéÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ ´ëº¯Çϸç, ±×°ÍÀº Çå¹ýÀû ÇüÅÂÀÇ Á¤ºÎ ¾Æ·¡¼­ ±× ´ç½Ã ´Ù½º¸®°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸ðµç °áÁ¤µé°ú ÇàÀ§µé ¾È¿¡¼­ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ãµµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Such are the scientific justifications of the principle of coercion. They are not merely weak but absolutely invalid, yet they are so much needed by those who occupy privileged positions that they believe in them as blindly as they formerly believed in the immaculate conception, and propagate them just as confidently. And the unfortunate majority of men bound to toil is so dazzled by the pomp with which these 'scientific truths' are presented, that under this new influence it accepts these scientific stupidities for holy truth, just as it formerly accepted the pseudo-religious justifications; and it continues to submit to the present holders of power who are just as hard- hearted but rather more numerous than before. °­¾ÐÀÇ ¿ø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °úÇÐÀû Á¤´çÈ­µéÀº ±×¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ±Ù°Å°¡ ¹Ú¾àÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Ÿ´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍµéÀº Ư±ÇÀûÀÎ ÁöÀ§µéÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿©¼­ ±×µéÀÌ °ú°Å¿¡ ¼ø¼öÇÑ °³³äÀ» ¹Ï¾ú´ø °Íó·³ ¸Í¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¸ç, ¶È°°ÀÌ È®½ÅÀ» °¡Áö°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀüÆÄÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Èû½á ÀÏÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â ºÒÇàÇÑ ´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº '°úÇÐÀû Áø¸®µé'ÀÌ µå·¯³»´Â À§¾ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³Ê¹«³ª ¾ÆÂñÇÑ ³ª¸ÓÁö, ¸¶Ä¡ °ú°Å°Ô ±×µéÀÌ À¯»ç Á¾±³Àû Á¤´çÈ­µéÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µé¿´´ø °Í°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ, ÀÌ·± »õ·Î¿î ¿µÇ⠾Ʒ¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº °úÇÐÀû ¾î¸®¼®Àº Áþ°Å¸®µéÀ» ¼º½º·± Áø¸®·Î ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀ̸ç; ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ÀÌÀü°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ ¹«ÀÚºñÇϸ鼭 ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ´õ¿í ¸¹¾Æ Áø ÇöÀçÀÇ ±Ç·Â º¸À¯Àڵ鿡°Ô °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ º¹Á¾ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
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Who am I? I am that which thou hast searched for since thy baby eyes gazed wonderingly upon the world, whose horizon hides this real life from thee. I am that which in thy heart thou hast prayed for, demanded as thy birthright, although thou hast not known what it was. I am that which has lain in thy soul for hundreds and thousands of years. Sometimes I lay in thee grieving because thou didst not recognize me; sometimes I raised my head, opened my eyes, and extended my arms calling thee either tenderly and quietly, or strenuously, demanding that thou shouldst rebel against the iron chains which bound thee to the earth. KRISHNA. ³ª´Â ´©±¸Àΰ¡? ³ª¸¦ ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¾Æ±â ´«µéÀÌ, ÁöÆò¼±ÀÌ ÀÌ·± ÇöÀçÀÇ »îÀ» ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô¼­ ¼û±â´Â, ¼¼»óÀ»  ³î¶÷À¸·Î ÀÀ½ÃÇÏ¿´´ø ¶§ºÎÅÍ ³ÊÈñ´Â ã¾Ò´À´Ï¶ó. ºñ·Ï ³ÊÈñ´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ô¶úÀ¸³ª, ³ª¸¦ ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¸¶À½ ¾È¿¡¼­ ±âµµÇÔÀ¸·Î, ³ÊÈñÀÇ Ãâ»ýÀÇ ±Ç¸®·Î ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀ̶ó. ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ¼ö½Ê ¸¸³â µ¿¾È ÀÖ¾ú´À´Ï¶ó. ¶§·Î´Â ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ°¡ ³ª¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸Áö ¸øÇϹǷΠ³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡ ½½ÆÛÇϸç ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç; ¶§·Î´Â ³ªÀÇ ¸Ó¸®µé µé°í, ³ªÀÇ ´«µéÀ» ¿­°í, ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ ÆÈ µéÀ» ¹ú¸®¸ç ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ºÎµå·´°Ô ±×¸®°í Á¶¿ëÈ÷, ¶Ç´Â °Ý·ÄÇÏ°Ô ºÒ·¶À¸¸ç, ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ¶¥¿¡ ¹­°í ÀÖ´Â ¼è»ç½½¿¡ ¹Ý¶õÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´³ë¶ó. KRISHNA.
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So matters went on, and still go on, in the Christian world. But we might have hope that in the immense Brahman, Buddhist, and Confucian worlds this new scientific superstition would not establish itself, and that the Chinese, Japanese, and Hindus, once their eyes were opened to the religious fraud justifying violence, would advance directly to a recognition of the law of love inherent in humanity, and which had been so forcibly enunciated by the great Eastern teachers. But what has happened is that the scientific superstition replacing the religious one has been accepted and secured a stronger and stronger hold in the East. ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ¿©, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¼¼»ó¿¡´Â ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ±¤È°ÇÑ ºê¶ó¸¸, ºÒ±³ ¹× À¯±³ ¼¼»óµé ¾È¿¡´Â ÀÌ·± »õ·Î¿î °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½ÅÀÌ ÀÚ¸®ÀâÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸é, ±×¸®°í Áß±¹, ÀϺ» ±×¸®°í Àεµ´Â, °ú°Å¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ´«µéÀÌ Æø·ÂÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Â »ç±âµé¿¡ ¿­·Á ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, Àΰ£¿¡ ³»ÀçµÈ »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀÇ ÀνÄÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº À§´ëÇÑ µ¿¾çÀÇ ±³»çµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±×Åä·Ï °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÁÖÀåµÇ¾î ¿Ô´ø ÅͶó, Áï½Ã ³ª¾Æ °¬À¸¸é ÇÏ´Â ±â´ë¸¦ °¡Áú ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹ß»ýÇÑ °ÍÀº µ¿¾ç¿¡¼­ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ´ëüÇÏ´Â °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½ÅÀÌ ¼ö¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Á¡Á¡ ´õ ưưÇÑ ¹ßÆÇÀ» È®º¸ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
In your periodical you set out as the basic principle which should guide the actions of your people the maxim that: 'Resistance to aggression is not simply justifiable but imperative, nonresistance hurts both Altruism and Egotism.' ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀâÁö¿¡¼­ ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇൿµéÀ» ÀεµÇÒ ±âº»Àû ¿ø¸®µé·Î¼­ ´ç½ÅÀº Çൿ¿ø¸®¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù: 'ħ·«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×Àº Á¤´çÈ­µÉ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àǹ«ÀûÀÌ´Ù, ¹«ÀúÇ×Àº ÀÌŸÁÖÀÇ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À̱âÁÖÀǵµ ´ÙÄ¡°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.'
Love is the only way to rescue humanity from all ills, and in it you too have the only method of saving your people from enslavement. In very ancient times love was proclaimed with special strength and clearness among your people to be the religious basis of human life. Love, and forcible resistance to evil-doers, involve such a mutual contradiction as to destroy utterly the whole sense and meaning of the conception of love. And what follows? With a light heart and in the twentieth century you, an adherent of a religious people, deny their law, feeling convinced of your scientific enlightenment and your right to do so, and you repeat (do not take this amiss) the amazing stupidity indoctrinated in you by the advocates of the use of violence-the enemies of truth, the servants first of theology and then of science-your European teachers. »ç¶ûÀº ¸ðµç °íÅëµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Àηù¸¦ ±¸¿øÇÒ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±æÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ ´ç½Å ¿ª½Ã ¿¹¼ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¸ÇÒ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸Å¿ì °ú°ÅÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ »ç¶ûÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ Àΰ£ÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¾±³Àû Åä´ë·Î¼­ Ưº°ÇÑ Èû°ú ¸í·áÇÔÀ» °¡Áö°í ¼±¾ðµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¶û, ±×¸®°í Çà¾ÇÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Æø·ÂÀû ÀúÇ×Àº, »ç¶ûÀÇ °³³ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àüü Àǽİú Àǹ̸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÆÄ±«ÇÒ Á¤µµÀÇ »óÈ£Àû ¸ð¼øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀÌ µû¶ó¿É´Ï±î? ±â»Ý¿¡ µé¶á ¸¶À½À¸·Î ±×¸®°í 20 ¼¼±â¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀº, Á¾±³Àû »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇÑ ½ÅºÀÀڷμ­, ´ç½ÅÀÇ °úÇÐÀû °è¸ù ¹× ±×¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇàÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ´À³¢¸é¼­  ±×µéÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ºÎÀÎÇϸç, ´ç½ÅÀº Æø·ÂÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµé - Áø¸®ÀÇ Àûµé, óÀ½Àº ½ÅÇÐÀÇ ±×¸®°í ³ªÁß¿£ °úÇÐÀÇ ½Ã³àµéÀÎ, ´ç½ÅÀÇ À¯·´ÀÎ ±³»çµé- ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ´ç½Å ¾È¿¡ ÁÖÀÔµÈ ³î¶ó¿î ¾î¸®¼®À½À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
You say that the English have enslaved your people and hold them in subjection because the latter have not resisted resolutely enough and have not met force by force. ´ç½ÅÀº ¿µ±¹ÀεéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾úÀ¸¸ç ±×µéÀ» º¹Á¾Åä·Ï ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÈÄÀÚ´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÇ¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¹«·ÂÀ» ¹«·ÂÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
But the case is just the opposite. If the English have enslaved the people of India it is just because the latter recognized, and still recognize, force as the fundamental principle of the social order. In accord with that principle they submitted to their little rajahs, and on their behalf struggled against one another, fought the Europeans, the English, and are now trying to fight with them again. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ °æ¿ì´Â Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿µ±¹ÀÌ Àεµ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ë¿¹È­ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÈÄÀÚ°¡ Æø·ÂÀ» »çȸÀû Áú¼­ÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ÀÛÀº ±¹¿Õ¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ º¹Á¾Çß´ø ¿ø¸®¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ¼­·Î°¡ ÅõÀïÇÏ¿´°í, À¯·´Àεé, ¿µ±¹Àεé°ú ½Î¿üÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌÁ¦ ´Ù½Ã ±×µé°ú ½Î¿ì·Á Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
A commercial company enslaved a nation comprising two hundred millions. Tell this to a man free from superstition and he will fail to grasp what these words mean. What does it mean that thirty thousand men, not athletes but rather weak and ordinary people, have subdued two hundred million vigorous, clever, capable, and freedom-loving people? Do not the figures make it clear that it is not the English who have enslaved the Indians, but the Indians who have enslaved themselves? ÇÑ »ó¾÷ ȸ»ç°¡ 2 ¾ïÀÇ Àα¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ±¹°¡¸¦ ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ì½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ¾î¶² »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À ±×·¯¸é ±×´Â ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 3 ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µé, ¿îµ¿¼±¼öµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ³ª¾àÇÏ°í Æò¹üÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ÄèȰÇϰí, ¿µ¸®Çϸç, ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â 2 ¾ïÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Áø¾ÐÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇմϱî? ±× ¼öÄ¡´Â ÀεµÀεéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µç °ÍÀº ¿µ±¹ÀεéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀεµÀÎµé ½º½º·Î ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï±î?
When the Indians complain that the English have enslaved them it is as if drunkards complained that the spirit-dealers who have settled among them have enslaved them. You tell them that they might give up drinking, but they reply that they are so accustomed to it that they cannot abstain, and that they must have alcohol to keep up their energy. Is it not the same thing with the millions of people who submit to thousands' or even to hundreds, of others-of their own or other nations? Àεµ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿µ±¹ÀÌ ±×µéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾úÀ½À» ºÒÆòÇÒ ¶§ ±×°ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¼úÁÖÁ¤¹ðÀ̵éÀÌ ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ Á¤ÂøÇÑ ¼úÀå»ç°¡ ±×µéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù°í ºÒÆòÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô À½ÁÖ¸¦ Æ÷±âÇØµµ ÁÁ´Ù°í ¸»Çغ¸½Ê½Ã¿À, ±×·¯¸é ±×µéÀº ±×°Í¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ½À°üÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­ ²÷À» ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀÇ ÈûÀ» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼úÀ» ¸¶¼Å¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ´ë´äÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼öõ ¸í¿¡°Ô ¾Æ´Ï ½ÉÁö¾î ¼ö¹é ¸íÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ - ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ - »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéµµ ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï±î?
If the people of India are enslaved by violence it is only because they themselves live and have lived by violence, and do not recognize the eternal law of love inherent in humanity. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀεµÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿¹¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µé ½º½º·Î°¡ Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÏ¿© »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç »ì¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ³»ÀçµÈ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¡¡ ¡¡
Pitiful and foolish is the man who seeks what he already has, and does not know that he has it. Yes, Pitiful and foolish is he who does not know the bliss of love which surrounds him and which I have given him. KRISHNA. ÀڱⰡ ÀÌ¹Ì °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ãÀ¸¸ç, ÀڱⰡ ±×°ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷Àº °¡·ÃÇÏ°í ¾î¸®¼®´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù, ±×¸¦ µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³»°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô ÁØ »ç¶ûÀÇ ±â»ÝÀ» ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº °¡·ÃÇÏ°í ¾î¸®¼®´Ù. KRISHNA.
¡¡ ¡¡
As soon as men live entirely in accord with the law of love natural to their hearts and now revealed to them, which excludes all resistance by violence, and therefore hold aloof from all participation in violence-as soon as this happens, not only will hundreds be unable to enslave millions, but not even millions will be able to enslave a single individual. Do not resist the evil- doer and take no part in doing so, either in the violent deeds of the administration, in the law courts, the collection of taxes, or above all in soldiering, and no one in the world will be able to enslave you. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½µé¿¡ °íÀ¯Çϸç ÀÌÁ¦ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡, ±×°ÍÀº Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸ðµç ÀúÇ×µéÀ» ¹èÁ¦Çϸç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Æø·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç Âü¿©·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊ¿¬ÇÔÀ¸·Î, ¿ÂÀüÈ÷ »ìÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ - À̰ÍÀÌ ÀϾÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ¼ö¹é ¸íÀÌ ¼ö¹é¸¸À» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾øÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½ÉÁö¾î ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÌ ´Ü ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ °³ÀÎÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À ±×¸®°í ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÔ¿¡, ÇàÁ¤ºÎÀÇ Æø·ÂÀû ÇàÀ§µé¿¡, ¹ýÁ¤µé, ¼¼±ÝµéÀÇ Â¡¼ö¿¡, ¾Æ´Ï ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ º´¿ª¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À, ±×·¯¸é ¼¼»óÀÇ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ´ç½ÅÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¡¡ ¡¡

VI

VI

0 ye who sit in bondage and continually seek and pant for freedom, seek only for love. Love is peace in itself and peace which gives complete satisfaction. I am the key that opens the portal to the rarely discovered land where contentment alone is found. KRISHNA. ¿À ³Ê´Â ¼Ó¹ÚµÇ¾î ¾É¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ãÀ¸¸ç Çæ¶±À̴±¸³ª, ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶ûÀ» ãÀ¸¶ó. »ç¶ûÀº ±× ÀÚü°¡ ÆòÈ­À̸ç, ÆòÈ­´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸¸Á·À» ÁÖ´À´Ï¶ó. ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸¸Á·¸¸ÀÌ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÅÀÇ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¶¥À¸·Î °¡´Â ¹®À» ¿©´Â ¿­¼èÀ̴϶ó. KRISHNA.
¡¡ ¡¡
What is now happening to the people of the East as of the West is like what happens to every individual when he passes from childhood to adolescence and from youth to manhood. He loses what had hitherto guided his life and lives without direction, not having found a new standard suitable to his age, and so he invents all sorts of occupations, cares, distractions, and stupefactions to divert his attention from the misery and senselessness of his life. Such a condition may last a long time. ¼­¾çÀÇ »ç¶÷µé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î µ¿¾çÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áö±Ý ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ Á¦°¢±â °³ÀÎÀÌ À¯³â¿¡¼­ »çÃá±â·Î ±×¸®°í û³â¿¡¼­ ¼º³âÀ¸·Î Èê·¯°¥ ¶§¿¡ ÀϾ´Â °Í°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö ±×ÀÇ »îÀ» ÀεµÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀ» ÀÒ°í¼­ ¹æÇâ ¾øÀÌ »ì¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ç¥ÁØÀ» ãÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×´Â »îÀÇ ºñÂüÇÔ°ú ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °ü½ÉÀ» µ¹¸®°íÀÚ, ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ¸®µé, ±Ù½Éµé, ¿À¶ôµé, ¹× ¸¶ÃëµéÀ» ²Ù¸ç³À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »óȲÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
When an individual passes from one period of life to another a time comes when he cannot go on in senseless activity and excitement as before, but has to understand that although he has outgrown what before used to direct him, this does not mean that he must live without any reasonable guidance, but rather that he must formulate for himself an understanding of life corresponding to his age, and having elucidated it must be guided by it. And in the same way a similar time must come in the growth and development of humanity. I believe that such a time has now arrived-not in the sense that it has come in the year 1908, but that the inherent contradiction of human life has now reached an extreme degree of tension: on the one side there is the consciousness of the beneficence of the law of love, and on the other the existing order of life which has for centuries occasioned an empty, anxious, restless, and troubled mode of life, conflicting as it does with the law of love and built on the use of violence. This contradiction must be faced, and the solution will evidently not be favorable to the outlived law of violence, but to the truth which has dwelt in the hearts of men from remote antiquity: the truth that the law of love is in accord with the nature of man. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ »îÀÇ ÇÑ ½Ã±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã±â·Î ³Ñ¾î°¥ ¶§, ÀÌÀüó·³ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ Çൿ°ú ÈïºÐÀ» °è¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸é¼­µµ, ±×°¡ ºñ·Ï ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×¸¦ À̲ø´ø °ÍµéÀÌ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, À̰ÍÀÌ ±×°¡ ÀÌÁ¦ ¾Æ¹«·± ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ Àεµ ¾øÀÌ »ì¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±×´Â ½º½º·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ °É¸ÂÀº »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ú´ÞÀ½À» Çü¼ºÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ±×°ÍÀ» ¹àÈù ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×°Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀεµµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â ¶§°¡ ¿É´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¶È°°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼ºÀå°ú ¹ßÀü¿¡ À־ À¯»çÇÑ ½Ã±â°¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¿É´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ½Ã±â°¡ ÀÌÁ¦ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù - ±×°ÍÀÌ 1908³â¿¡ ¿Ô´Ù´Â Àǹ̿¡¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÇ ³»ÀûÀÎ ¸ð¼øÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ ±ØµµÀÇ ±äÀåÀÇ ´Ü°è¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î, »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀÇ ÀºÇý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀǽÄÀ̸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È °øÇãÇϰí, ºÒ¾ÈÇϸç, ÃÊÁ¶Çϰí, È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î »îÀÇ ¾çŸ¦ ÃÊ·¡Çß°í, »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ý°ú Ãæµ¹À» ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, Æø·ÂÀÇ »ç¿ë À§¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁø ±âÁ¸ÀÇ »îÀÇ Áú¼­ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¸ð¼øÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸Â¼­¾ß Çϸç, ±× ÇØ°áÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø°Ô µÈ Æø·ÂÀÇ ¹ýÀ» ÇâÇØ¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¸Õ ¿¾³¯ºÎÅÍ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´ø Áø¸®¿¡°Ô È£ÀÇÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: ±× Áø¸®ÀÎ Áï, »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ º»¼º°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
But men can only recognize this truth to its full extent when they have completely freed themselves from all religious and scientific superstitions and from all the consequent misrepresentations and sophistical distortions by which its recognition has been hindered for centuries. ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×µéÀÌ ¸ðµç Á¾±³Àû ¹× °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½Åµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸®°í ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ ¸ðµç °ÅÁþµÈ ¼³¸íµé ¹× ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀÌ ¹æÇØ ¹Þ°Ô ¸¸µç ±Ëº¯ÀûÀÎ ¿Ö°îµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Áú ¶§¿¡, ÀÌ Áø¸®¸¦ ÇѲ¯ ±ú´ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
To save a sinking ship it is necessary to throw overboard the ballast, which though it may once have been needed would now cause the ship to sink. And so it is with the scientific superstition which hides the truth of their welfare from mankind. In order that men should embrace the truth- not in the vague way they did in childhood, nor in the one-sided and perverted way presented to them by their religious and scientific teachers, but embrace it as their highest law-the complete liberation of this truth from all and every superstition (both pseudo-religious and pseudo-scientific) by which it is still obscured is essential: not a partial, timid attempt, reckoning with traditions sanctified by age and with the habits of the people - not such as was effected in the religious sphere by Guru-Nanak, the founder of the sect of the Sikhs, and in the Christian world by Luther, and by similar reformers in other religions-but a fundamental cleansing of religious consciousness from all ancient religious and modern scientific superstitions. °¡¶ó¾É´Â ¹è¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ·Á¸é, ¹Ù´ÚÀÇ ÁüÀ» ¹è ¹Ù±ùÀ¸·Î ´øÁ®¹ö¸²ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ºñ·Ï ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´°ÚÁö¸¸ ÀÌÁ¦ ¹è¸¦ °¡¶ó¾É°Ô ¸¸µé °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÎ °ÍÀº Àηù·ÎºÎÅÍ Çູ¿¡ °üÇÑ Áø¸®¸¦ °¡¸®´Â °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½ÅÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯±â À§Çؼ­´Â, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã Áø¸®¸¦ ²¸¾È¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù - À¯³â±â¿¡ ±×·¨´ø ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý ¾È¿¡¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶ÇÇÑ ÆíÆÄÀûÀÌ¸ç ¿Ö°îµÈ ¹æ¹ý ¾È¿¡¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µéÀÇ Áö°íÀÇ À²¹ýÀ¸·Î ²¸¾È¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù - ¸ðµç ±×¸®°í °¢°¢ÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ È帮°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì½Åµé(À¯»ç Á¾±³ ¹× À¯»ç °úÇÐ)·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÇØ¹æÀº ÇʼöÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù: ¿¬·É°ú »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½À°üµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ´Â Àü½Âµé¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϸ鼭 ÆíÆÄÀûÀ̸ç, ¿ìÀ¯ºÎ´ÜÇÑ ½Ãµµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó - ½ÃÅ©±³ÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚÀÎ Guru-Nanak¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ, ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­´Â Luther¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³µé¿¡¼­ À¯»çÇÑ °³Çõ°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¾±³Àû ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´ø °Í °°Àº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó - ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç °í´ëÀÇ Á¾±³Àû ¹× Çö´ëÀÇ °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½Åµé·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ Á¾±³Àû ÀνÄÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Á¤È­¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.  
If only people freed themselves from their beliefs in all kinds of Ormuzds, Brahmas, Sabbaoths, and their incarnation as Krishnas and Christs, from beliefs in Paradises and Hells, in reincarnations and resurrections, from belief in the interference of the Gods in the external affairs of the universe, and above all, if they freed themselves from belief in the infallibility of all the various Vedas, Bibles, Gospels, Tripitakas, Korans, and the like, and also freed themselves from blind belief in a variety of scientific teachings about infinitely small atoms and molecules and in all the infinitely great and infinitely remote worlds, their movements and origin, as well as from faith in the infallibility of the scientific law to which humanity is at present subjected: the historic law, the economic laws, the law of struggle and survival, and so on-if people only freed themselves from this terrible accumulation of futile exercises of our lower capacities of mind and memory called the 'Sciences', and from the innumerable divisions of all sorts of histories, anthropologies, homiletics, bacteriologics, jurisprudences, cosmographies, strategies-their name is legion-and freed themselves from all this harmful, stupifying ballast-the simple law of love, natural to man, accessible to all and solving all questions and perplexities, would of itself become clear and obligatory. ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Ormuzd, Brahma, Sabbaoth, ±×¸®°í  Krishna ¹× Christ·Î¼­ ±×µéÀÇ È­½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ³«¿øµé°ú Áö¿Áµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ, À±È¸µé°ú ºÎȰµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½µé·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °³ÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î ¸ðµç ´Ù¾çÇÑ Veda, Bible, Gospel, Tripitaka, Koran, ¹× À¯»çÇÑ °ÍµéÀÇ ¹«·ù¼º(Ùí×½àõ)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³À¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¶ÇÇÑ ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ ÀÛÀº ¿øÀÚµé ¹× ºÐÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ Å« ¸Õ ¼¼»óµé, ±×µéÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓµé ¹× ±â¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Í¸ñÀû ¹ÏÀ½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇöÀç Àηù°¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °úÇÐÀû ¹ýÄ¢ - ¿ª»çÀû ¹ýÄ¢, °æÁ¦Àû ¹ýÄ¢, ÅõÀï ¹× »ýÁ¸ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢, µîµî - ÀÇ ¹«·ù¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³´Ù¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ '°úÇеé'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¸¶À½°ú ±â¾ï¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀúÁú½º·± ´É·ÂµéÀÇ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â Çà»çµé¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÌó·³ ¹«¼­¿î ÃàÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿ª»çµé, ÀηùÇеé, ¼³±³Çеé, ¼¼±ÕÇеé, ¹ýÇеé, õÁöÇеé, Àü·«µé·ÎºÎÅÍ - ±×°ÍµéÀÇ À̸§Àº ±º´Ü(legion)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù - ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÇØ·Î¿ì¸ç, ¾î¸®¼®°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù´ÚÁüÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ½º½º·Î ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³´Ù¸é - ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀº, »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ̸ç, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦µé°ú È¥¶õµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À¸·Î½á, ÀúÀý·Î ¸í¹éÇØÁö°í ´ç¿¬ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¡¡ ¡¡

VII

VII

Children, look at the flowers at your feet; do not trample upon them. Look at the love in your midst and do not repudiate it. KRISHNA. ÀÚ³àµé¾Æ, ³ÊÈñ ¹ß ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ²ÉµéÀ» º¸¶ó; ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹âÁö ¸»¶ó. ³ÊÈñµé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶ûÀ» º¸¶ó ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. KRISHNA.

There is a higher reason which transcends all human minds. It is far and near. It permeates all the worlds and at the same time is infinitely higher than they.

A man who sees that all things are contained in the higher spirit cannot treat any being with contempt.

For him to whom all spiritual beings are equal to the highest there can be no room for deception or grief.

Those who are ignorant and are devoted to the religious rites only, are in a deep gloom, but those who are given up to fruitless meditations are in a still greater darkness.

UPANISHADS, FROM VEDAS.

¸ðµç Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸¶À½µéÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ´Â ´õ¿í ´õ ³ôÀº À̼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸Ö¸®¿¡ ±×¸®°í °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµç ¼¼»óµé¿¡ ½º¸çµé°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×µé º¸´Ù ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ ³ô´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¹°ÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀº ¿µ¿¡ ´ã°Ü ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù¸¥ Á¸À縦 ºñ¿ôÀ¸¸ç ´ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿µÀûÀÎ Á¸ÀçµéÀÌ Áö°íÀÇ °Í°ú µ¿µîÇÑ ±×¿¡°Ô À־ ±â¸¸À̳ª ½½ÇÄÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¹«ÁöÇÏ¸ç ¿ÀÁ÷ Á¾±³Àû Àǽĵ鿡  Çå½ÅÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±íÀº ¾îµÒ¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÇêµÈ ¸í»óµé¿¡ ºüÁø »ç¶÷µéÀº ÈξÀ ´õ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¾ÏÈæ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. UPANISHADS, FROM VEDAS.
¡¡ ¡¡
Yes, in our time all these things must be cleared away in order that mankind may escape from self- inflicted calamities that have reached an extreme intensity. Whether an Indian seeks liberation from subjection to the English, or anyone else struggles with an oppressor either of his own nationality or of another-whether it be a Negro defending himself against the North Americans; or Persians, Russians, or Turks against the Persian, Russian, or Turkish governments, or any man seeking the greatest welfare for himself and for everybody else -they do not need explanations and justifications of old religious superstitions such as have been formulated by your Vivekanandas, Baba Bharatis, and others, or in the Christian world by a number of similar interpreters and exponents of things that nobody needs; nor the innumerable scientific theories about matters not only unnecessary but for the most part harmful. (In the spiritual realm nothing is indifferent: what is not useful is harmful.) What are wanted for the Indian as for the Englishman, the Frenchman, the German, and the Russian, are not Constitutions and Revolutions, nor all sorts of Conferences and Congresses, nor the many ingenious devices for submarine navigation and aerial navigation, nor powerful explosives, nor all sorts of conveniences to add to the enjoyment of the rich, ruling classes; nor new schools and universities with innumerable faculties of science, nor an augmentation of papers and books, nor gramophones and cinematographs, nor those childish and for the most part corrupt stupidities termed art-but one thing only is needful: the knowledge of the simple and clear truth which finds place in every soul that is not stupefied by religious and scientific superstitions-the truth that for our life one law is valid-the law of love, which brings the highest happiness to every individual as well as to all mankind. Free your minds from those overgrown, mountainous imbecilities which hinder your recognition of it, and at once the truth will emerge from amid the pseudo-religious nonsense that has been smothering it: the indubitable, eternal truth inherent in man, which is one and the same in all the great religions of the world. It will in due time emerge and make its way to general recognition, and the nonsense that has obscured it will disappear of itself, and with it will go the evil from which humanity now suffers. ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù, ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡ ±Øµµ¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ, Àηù°¡ ÀÚÃÊÇÑ Àç¾Óµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Å»ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸·Á¸é, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¦°ÅµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀεµÀÎÀÌ ¿µ±¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¾¼ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿öÁüÀ» Ãß±¸Çϵç, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ´Ù¸¥ ´©±º°¡ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±¹ÀûÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±¹ÀûÀÇ ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚµé°ú ÅõÀïÇϵçÁö - ±×°ÍÀÌ ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Àε鿡 ½º½º·Î ´ëÇ×ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ÈæÀÎÀ̵çÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é Æä¸£½Ã¾Æ, ·¯½Ã¾Æ, Å;îŰ Á¤ºÎµé¿¡ ¸Â¼­´Â Æä¸£½Ã¾ÆÀεé, ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀεé, Å;îŰÀÎ µéÀ̵çÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÀÚ±â ÀڽŠ¹× ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷À» À§ÇÑ °¡Àå Å« ÇູÀ» ã°í ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À̵çÁö - ±×µéÀº ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ Vivekanandas, Baba Bharatis, ¹× ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­, ¶Ç´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ¾Æ¹«·Î ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯»çÇÑ ÇØ¼®°¡µé ¹× ÇØ¼³Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­,  °ø½ÄÈ­µÇ¾î ¿Ô´ø °Í°ú °°Àº ¿À·¡ ¹¬Àº Á¾±³Àû ¹Ì½Åµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ¼®µéÀ̳ª Á¤´çÈ­µéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù; ¶ÇÇÑ ¹°Áúµé¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹«¼öÇÑ °úÇÐÀû À̷еéÀº ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ·Î¿î °ÍµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (¿µÀûÀÎ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹«°üÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù: À¯¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº ÇØ·Î¿î °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.) ¿µ±¹ÀÎ, ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÎ, µ¶ÀÏÀÎ ¹× ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ °Íó·³ ÀεµÀο¡°Ô ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â °ÍÀº Çå¹ýµé ±×¸®°í Çõ¸íµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ¸ðµç Á¾·ùµéÀÇ È¸´ãµé ¹× ÀÇȸµéµµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ÇØÀú Ç×ÇØ ¹× °øÁß Ç×ÇØ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¸¹Àº Á¤±³ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡µéµµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, °­·ÂÇÑ Æø¹ß¹°µéµµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ, Áö¹è °èÃþµéÀÇ Áñ°Å¿ò¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ÆíÀÇ ½Ã¼³µéµµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç; ¼ö¾÷ÀÌ ¸¹Àº Çкθ¦ ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î Çб³µé ¹× ´ëÇб³µéµµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ½Å¹®µé°ú ¼­ÀûµéÀÇ Áõ°¡µµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ÃàÀ½±âµé ¹× ¿µ»ç±âµéµµ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, ¿¹¼úÀ̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¸¦ Áö´Ñ À¯Ä¡ÇÏ°í ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î Ÿ¶ôÇÑ ¾î¸®¼®Àº Áþµéµµ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù - ±×·¯³ª ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ °¡Áö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù: Á¾±³Àû ¹× °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½Åµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸¶ºñµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ðµç ¿µÈ¥ ¾È¿¡ ÀÚ¸®Àâ´Â ´Ü¼øÇÏ¸ç ¸í¹éÇÑ Áø¸®ÀÇ Áö½Ä - ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ À§ÇØ ÇÑ °¡Áö À²¹ýÀÌ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù´Â Áø¸® - »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀ¸·Î¼­, ÀÌ´Â Á¦°¢±â °³Àο¡°Ô »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç Àηù¿¡°Ô Áö°íÀÇ ÇູÀ» °¡Á®´Ù ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀνÄÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â ±×°Íµéó·³ ¹«¼ºÇϸç, »ê°ú °°Àº ¾î¸®¼®Àº Áþ°Å¸®µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸¶À½µéÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇϽʽÿÀ, ±×·¯¸é Áø¸®´Â ´çÀå ±×°ÍÀ» Áú½Ä½ÃÄÑ ¿Ô´ø À¯»ç-Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ±â¸¸ °¡¿îµ¥·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼Ú¾Æ³¯ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: ÀÌ Áø¸®´Â, »ç¶÷ ¾È¿¡ °íÀ¯ÇÑ ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾ø´Â, ¿µ¿øÇÑ Áø¸®À̸ç, À̰ÍÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç À§´ëÇÑ Á¾±³µé¿¡¼­ ÇϳªÀÌÀÚ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¶§°¡ µÇ¸é ³ªÅ¸³ª¼­ º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ÀνÄÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¥ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» È帮°Ô ÇÏ¿´´ø ±â¸¸Àº ÀúÀý·Î »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°Í°ú ÇÔ²² Àηù°¡ Áö±Ý °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾Çµµ °¡¹ö¸± °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 
¡¡ ¡¡
Children, look upwards with your beclouded eyes, and a world full of joy and love will disclose itself to you, a rational world made by My wisdom, the only real world. Then you will know what love has done with you, what love has bestowed upon you, what love demands from you. KRISHNA. ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ¿©, ³ÊÈñÀÇ ±¸¸§ µ¤ÀÎ ´«À¸·Î  À§¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ±â»Ý°ú »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î °¡µæ Âù ¼¼»óÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¿­¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ï, ±×°ÍÀº ³ªÀÇ ÁöÇý·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ¼¼»óÀ̸ç, À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ ¼¼»óÀ̴϶ó.  ±×·¯¸é ³ÊÈñ´Â »ç¶ûÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀ», »ç¶ûÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ», »ç¶ûÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô¼­ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë °ÍÀ̴϶ó.  KRISHNA.
¡¡ ¡¡
YASNAYA POLYANA.

December 14th, 1908.

¾ß½º³ª¾ß Æú¸®¾ß³ª

1908³â 12¿ù 14ÀÏ

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A Confession ] What I Believe ] Gospel In Brief ] Kingdom of God ] A Criticism of Dogmatic Theology ] An Examination of The Gospels ] A Harmony, Translation, and Examination of The Four Gospels ] 23 Tales ] Hadji Murad ] Resurrection ] His Life and Work ] Count Tolstoi and the Public Censor ] The Devil ] Last Days of Tolstoy ] First Recollections ] Father Sergious ] The Forged Coupon ] The Death of Ivan Ilych ] The Kreutzer Sonata ] Tolstoi's Kreutzer Sonata ] How Much Land Does A Man Need? ] What to do - On the Census in Moscow ] To A Kind Youth ] Master and Man ] Patriotism and Government ] Thou shall not kill ] To the Tsar and His Assistants ] A Letter to Russian Liberals ] [ A Letter to a Hindu ] Letter to Gandhi ] Letter to A Noncommissioned Officer ] To The Working People ] On Non-Resistance ] Last Message to Mankind ] The Slavery of Our Times ] Reminiscences Of Tolstoy ] Semenov's Peaseant Stories ] Strider ] The Works of Guy De Maupassant ] The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy ] The Tragedy of Tolstoy ]


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