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[ Home ] [ Up ] [ A Confession ] [ What I Believe ] [ Gospel In Brief ] [ Kingdom of God ] [ A Criticism of Dogmatic Theology ] [ An Examination of The Gospels ] [ A Harmony, Translation, and Examination of The Four Gospels ] [ 23 Tales ] [ Hadji Murad ] [ Resurrection ] [ His Life and Work ] [ Count Tolstoi and the Public Censor ] [ The Devil ] [ Last Days of Tolstoy ] [ First Recollections ] [ Father Sergious ] [ The Forged Coupon ] [ The Death of Ivan Ilych ] [ The Kreutzer Sonata ] [ Tolstoi's Kreutzer Sonata ] [ How Much Land Does A Man Need? ] [ What to do - On the Census in Moscow ] [ To A Kind Youth ] [ Master and Man ] [ Patriotism and Government ] [ Thou shall not kill ] [ To the Tsar and His Assistants ] [ A Letter to Russian Liberals ] [ A Letter to a Hindu ] [ Letter to Gandhi ] [ Letter to A Noncommissioned Officer ] [ To The Working People ] [ On Non-Resistance ] [ Last Message to Mankind ] [ The Slavery of Our Times ] [ Reminiscences Of Tolstoy ] [ Semenov's Peaseant Stories ] [ Strider ] [ The Works of Guy De Maupassant ] [ The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy ] [ The Tragedy of Tolstoy ]
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A LETTER TO A
HINDU
ÀεµÀο¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ÆíÁö
ÀεµÀÇ Á¾¼Ó - ±× ¿øÀΰú Ä¡À¯
With an Introduction by
M. K. GANDHI
¸¶ÇÏÆ®¸¶ Ä«¶÷îµå °£µðÀÇ ¼¹® |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
INTRODUCTION
A LETTER TO A HINDU
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
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¼¹®
ÀεµÀο¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ÆíÁö
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
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¼¹®
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The letter
printed below is a translation of Tolstoy's letter written in Russian in reply
to one from the Editor of Free Hindustan. After having passed from hand to
hand, this letter at last came into my possession through a friend who asked
me, as one much interested in Tolstoy's writings, whether I thought it worth
publishing. I at once replied in the affirmative, and told him I should
translate it myself into Gujarati and induce others' to translate and publish
it in various Indian vernaculars. |
¾Æ·¡¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ ¼ÇÑÀº [ÀÚÀ¯ ÀεµÀÎ]ÀÇ ÆíÁýÀڷκÎÅÍ ¿Â ¼ÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀåÀ¸·Î ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ ¾²¿©Áø Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ ¼ÇÑÀÇ ¹ø¿ªÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯
¼ÕÀ» °ÅÄ£ ´ÙÀ½¿¡, ÀÌ ¼ÇÑÀº, Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ ÀÛǰµé¿¡ ¸¹Àº °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¿¬À¯·Î ±×°ÍÀÌ ÃâÆÇÇÒ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´ÂÁö ³»°Ô ¹°Àº
¾î¶² Ä£±¸¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¸¶Ä§³» ³ªÀÇ ¼öÁßÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿Ô´Ù. ³ª´Â ´çÀå ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ´äº¯À» ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ³ª´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍÀ» ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ
Gujarati¾î·Î
¹ø¿ªÇÒ °Í°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀεµÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¹æ¾ðµé·Î ¹ø¿ªÇϰí ÃâÆÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. |
The letter
as received by me was a type-written copy. It was therefore referred to the
author, who confirmed it as his and kindly granted me permission to print it. |
³ª¿¡°Ô ÀÔ¼öµÈ ´ë·ÎÀÇ ¼ÇÑÀº ŸÀÚ·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÈ »çº»À̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÛ°¡¿¡°Ô Á¶È¸ÇÏ¿´°í, ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ³»°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀμâÇÒ
°ÍÀ» Ä£ÀýÇÏ°Ô Çã¶ôÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
To me, as
a humble follower of that great teacher whom I have long looked upon as one of
my guides, it is a matter of honour to be connected with the publication of his
letter, such especially as the one which is now being given to the world. |
³ª¿¡°Ô´Â, ³»°¡ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ³ªÀÇ ÁöÇ¥ÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ¿©°Ü¿Ô´ø ±×Åä·Ï ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¼±»ýÀÇ °â¼ÕÇÑ ½ÅºÀÀڷμ, Ưº°È÷ ÀÌÁ¦ ¼¼»óÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª·Á´Â °Í°ú °°Àº
ÀÌ ¼ÇÑÀÇ ¹ßÇà¿¡ ¿¬°üÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¿µ±¤½º·± ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. |
It is a
mere statement of fact to say that every Indian, whether he owns up to it or
not, has national aspirations. But there are as many opinions as there are
Indian nationalists as to the exact meaning of that aspiration, and more
especially as to the methods to be used to attain the end. |
Á¦°¢±â ÀεµÀÎÀº, ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏµç ¾Æ´ÏÇϵç, ±¹°¡ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¸ÁµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¼±¾ðÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¿Í °°Àº ¼Ò¸ÁÀÇ
Á¤È®ÇÑ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇØ¼, ƯÈ÷ ±× ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ¹æ¹ýµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼, ÀεµÀÇ ±¹°¡ÁÖÀÇÀÚµé ¼ö ¸¸ÅÀ̳ª ¸¹Àº ÀǰߵéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. |
One of the
accepted and 'time-honoured' methods to attain the end is that of violence. The
assassination of Sir Curzon Wylie was an illustration of that method in its
worst and most detestable form. Tolstoy's life has been devoted to replacing
the method of violence for removing tyranny or securing reform by the method of
non-resistance to evil. He would meet hatred expressed in violence by love
expressed in self-suffering. He admits of no exception to whittle down this
great and divine law of love. He applies it to all the problems that trouble
mankind. |
±× ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼ö¿ëµÇ¾î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
Curzon
Wylie°æÀÇ ¾Ï»ìÀº °¡Àå ±Ø¾ÇÇÏ¸ç °¡Àå Çø¿À½º·± ÇüÅ·μ ±×¿Í °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ÇÑ
¿¹½ÃÀÌ´Ù. Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ »îÀº ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϰųª °³ÇõÀ» È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Æø·ÂÀÇ ¹æ¹ý ´ë½Å ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ´ëüÇÔ¿¡ Çå½ÅÇÏ¿© ¿Ô´Ù.
±×´Â Æø·Â¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â Áõ¿À¸¦ Àڱ⠰íÅë¿¡¼ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌó·³ À§´ëÇÏ¸ç ½ÅÀûÀÎ »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ±ð¾Æ ³»¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
¾î¶² ¿¹¿Üµµ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×´Â Àηù¸¦ ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù. |
When a man
like Tolstoy, one of the clearest thinkers in the western world, one of the
greatest writers, one who as a soldier has known what violence is and what it
can do, condemns Japan for having blindly followed the law of modern science,
falsely so-called, and fears for that country 'the greatest calamities', it is
for us to pause and consider whether, in our impatience of English rule, we do
not want to replace one evil by another and a worse. India, which is the
nursery of the great faiths of the world, will cease to be nationalist India,
whatever else she may become, when she goes through the process of civilization
in the shape of reproduction on that sacred soil of gun factories and the
hateful industrialism which has reduced the people of Europe to a state of
slavery, and all but stifled among them the best instincts which are the
heritage of the human family. |
¼±¸ ¼¼°è¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¸í·áÇÑ »ç»ó°¡ ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÎ, Å罺ÅäÀÌ °°Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ, º´»çÀÌ´ø ½ÃÀý¿¡ Æø·ÂÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Ò´ø ÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î¼, ÀϺ»ÀÌ À§¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î Çö´ë °úÇÐÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¸Í¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¾ÇÔÀ», ±×¸®°í ±× ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òµéÀ» '°¡Àå Å« Àç¾Óµé'·Î
Á¤ÁËÇÒ ¶§¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿µ±¹ ÅëÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼º±ÞÇÔ¿¡¼, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¾ÇÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ±×¸®°í ´õÇÑ ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ´ëüÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇϰí ÀÖÁö³ª ¾Ê´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸ØÃß¾î¼ ±íÀÌ
»ý°¢ÇØ º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓµéÀÇ »ê½Ç·Î¼ Àεµ´Â, ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ, ±× ½Å¼ºÇÑ Èë À§¿¡ ¹«±â °øÀåµé ¹× À¯·´ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ»
³ë¿¹ÀÇ »óÅ·ΠÀü¶ô½ÃŲ Áõ¿À½º·± »ê¾÷ÁÖÀÇÀÇ Àç»ý»êÀÇ ¸ð½À ¾È¿¡¼ ¹®¸íÈÀÇ °úÁ¤À» °Þ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Àΰ£ °¡Á·ÀÇ À¯»êÀÎ °¡Àå ¼±ÇÑ º»´ÉµéÀÌ ±×°Íµé
¾È¿¡¼ °ÅÀÇ Áú½ÄµÇ¾î °¥ ¶§¿¡µµ, ±¹°¡ÁÖÀÇÀû ÀεµÀ̱⸦ ¸ØÃâ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
If we do
not want the English in India we must pay the price. Tolstoy indicates it. 'Do
not resist evil, but also do not yourselves participate in evil - in the
violent deeds of the administration of the law courts, the collection of taxes
and, what is more important, of the soldiers, and no one in the world will
enslave you', passionately declares the sage of Yasnaya Polyana. Who can
question the truth of what he says in the following: 'A commercial company
enslaved a nation comprising two hundred millions. Tell this to a man free from
superstition and he will fail to grasp what these words mean. What does it mean
that thirty thousand people, not athletes, but rather weak and ordinary people,
have enslaved two hundred millions of vigorous, clever, capable, freedom-loving
people? Do not the figures make it clear that not the English, but the Indians,
have enslaved themselves ?' |
¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ Àεµ ¾È¿¡¼ ¿µ±¹À» ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ±× ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡·¯¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Å罺ÅäÀÌ´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÁöÀûÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. '¾Ç¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö
¸»¶ó, ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½Å Àڽŵ鵵 ¾Ç - ¹ýÁ¤µéÀÇ ÇàÁ¤À̶ó´Â Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§µé, ¼¼±ÝÀÇ Â¡¼ö, ±×¸®°í ´õ¿í Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº, º´»çµéÀÇ Â¡Áý - ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö
¸»¶ó, ±×·¯¸é, ¼¼»óÀÇ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ´ç½ÅÀ» ³ë¿¹ÈÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù'¶ó°í ¾ß½º³ª¾ß Æú¸®¾ß³ªÀÇ ÇöÀÚ´Â ¿Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±Æ÷ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼ ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ´©°¡ Àǹ®½ÃÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡?: 'ÇÑ »ó¾÷ ȸ»ç°¡ 2¾ïÀÇ Àα¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡¸¦ ³ë¿¹ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ì½Å¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô
¸»Çغ¸¶ó ±×·¯¸é ±×´Â ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´ÂÁö ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 3 ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µé, ¿îµ¿¼±¼öµéµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ³ª¾àÇÏ°í Æò¹üÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ¿ø±â¿Õ¼ºÇϰí, ¿µ¸®Çϰí, ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇϴ°¡? ±× ¼öÄ¡´Â ¿µ±¹ÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀεµÀεé
½º½º·Î ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ¾úÀ½ÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡?' |
One need
not accept all that Tolstoy says-some of his facts are not accurately stated-to
realize the central truth of his indictment of the present system, which is to
understand and act upon the irresistible power of the soul over the body, of
love, which is an attribute of the soul, over the brute or body force generated
by the stirring in us of evil passions. |
¿ì¸®´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ Ã¼Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å罺ÅäÀÌÀÇ ºñ³ÀÇ Áß½ÉÀûÀÎ Áø¸®¸¦ ±ú´Ý±â À§ÇØ ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â - ±×ÀÇ »ç½Çµé Áß ÀϺδ Á¤È®È÷ ¾ð±ÞµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î -
¸ðµÎ¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×ÀÇ ¸»Àº À°½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ, ¿ì¸® ¾ÈÀÇ ¾ÇÇÑ ¿Á¤µéÀÇ ²ÞƲ°Å¸²¿¡ »ý°Ü³ ¼ö¼º(â®àõ) ¶Ç´Â À°½Å¿¡
´ëÇÑ, ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÎ »ç¶ûÀÇ, ÀúÇ×ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÈûÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ±×¿¡ µû¶ó ÇàÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. |
There is
no doubt that there is nothing new in what Tolstoy preaches. But his
presentation of the old truth is refreshingly forceful. His logic is
unassailable. And above all he endeavours to practise what he preaches. He
preaches to convince. He is sincere and in earnest. He commands attention. |
Å罺ÅäÀ̰¡ ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡´Â »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀǽÉÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿À·¡µÈ Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ Ç¥¸íÀº °ý¸ñÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ÈûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ
³í¸®´Â °ø°ÝÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ, ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÇõÇϰíÀÚ ¾Ö¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ³³µæÀÌ °¡µµ·Ï ¼³±³Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â
Áø½ÇÇϸç ÁøÁöÇÏ´Ù. ±×´Â ÁÖÀǸ¦ ²ø°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
[19th
November, 1909.] M. K.
GANDHI
|
[1909 ³â 11 ¿ù 19 ÀÏ] ¸¶ÇÏÆ®¸¶ Ä«¶÷Âùµå °£µð. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
ÇÑ
ÀεµÀο¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ÆíÁö.
By LEO TOLSTOY |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
All
that exists is One. People only call this One by different names. THE
VEDAS. |
Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº À¯ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÔÀ» ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À¸·Î ºÎ¸¥´Ù. -
THE VEDAS.. |
God is
love, and he that abideth in love abideth in God, and God abideth in him. I
JOHN iv. 16. |
Çϳª´ÔÀº »ç¶ûÀÌ´Ù, ±×¸®°í »ç¶û¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸£´Â ÀÚ´Â Çϳª´Ô ¾È¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸£¸ç Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸¥´Ù. - ¿äÇѺ¹À½ 4:16 |
God is
one whole; we are the parts. EXPOSITION
OF THE TEACHING OF THE VEDAS BY VIVEKANANDA. |
Çϳª´ÔÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ÀüüÀ̸ç; ¿ì¸®´Â ºÎºÐµéÀÌ´Ù. - ºñº£Ä«³ª´ÙÀÇ º£´Ù °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ¼® |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
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Do not
seek quiet and rest in those earthly realms where delusions and desires are
engendered, for if thou dost, thou wilt be dragged through the rough wilderness
of life, which is far from Me. Whenever thou feelest that thy feet are becoming
entangled in the interlaced roots of life, know that thou has strayed from the
path to which I beckon thee: for I have placed thee in broad, smooth paths,
which are strewn with flowers. I have put a light before thee, which thou canst
follow and thus run without stumbling. KRISHNA. |
¸Á»óµé°ú ¿å¸ÁµéÀÌ »ý°Ü³ª´Â ±×·± Çö¼¼ÀÇ ¿Õ±¹µé¿¡¼ °í¿ä¿Í ÈÞ½ÄÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ³ÊÈñ°¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ÊÈñ´Â »îÀÇ °ÅÄ£
Ȳ¾ß·Î ²ø·Á°¥ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô¼ ¸Ö¸® ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¹ßµéÀÌ »îÀÇ Â¥¿©Áø »Ñ¸®µé ¾È¿¡ ¾ûÄÑ µé°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ´À³¥ ¶§¸¶´Ù, ³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô
°¡¸®ÄÑÁØ ±æ¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³µÀ½À» ¾Ëµµ·Ï Ç϶ó: ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ³Ð°í, ºÎµå·¯¿î ±æµé À§¿¡ µÎ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× ±æµéÀº ²Éµé·Î »Ñ·ÁÁ® Àֱ⠶§¹®À̶ó. ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ
¾Õ¿¡ µîºÒÀ» µÎ¾úÀ¸´Ï, ³ÊÈñ°¡ ³Ñ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ±×°ÍÀ» µû¶ó°¡¸ç ´Þ¸± ¼ö ÀÖµµ´Ù.
KRISHNA. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
I have
received your letter and two numbers of your periodical, both of which interest
me extremely. The oppression of a majority by a minority, and the
demoralization inevitably resulting from it, is a phenomenon that has always
occupied me and has done so most particularly of late. I will try to explain to
you what I think about that subject in general, and particularly about the
cause from which the dreadful evils of which you write in your letter, and in
the Hindu periodical you have sent me, have arisen and continue to arise. |
³ª´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö¿Í ´ç½ÅÀÇ 2È£¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ÀâÁöµéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¸ðµÎ ³ª¿¡°Ô Áö±ØÈ÷ Èï¹Ì¸¦ ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¼Ò¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¾ï¾Ð ¹× ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î
±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â µµ´öÀû Ÿ¶ôÀº, ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³ª¸¦ »ç·ÎÀâ¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ƯÈ÷ °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö ±×·¯Çß´ø ÇѰ¡Áö Çö»óÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ±× ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í Ưº°È÷ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±â·ÏÇÑ, ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÌ ³»°Ô º¸³»ÁØ Àεµ ÀâÁö¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ, ±× ¹«¼¿î ¾ÇµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç
°è¼ÓÇÏ¿© ¹ß»ýÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀ¯¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©, ³»°¡ »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ´ç½Å²² ¼³¸íÇϰíÀÚ ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
The reason
for the astonishing fact that a majority of working people submit to a handful
of idlers who control their labour and their very lives is always and
everywhere the same-whether the oppressors and oppressed are of one race or
whether, as in India and elsewhere, the oppressors are of a different nation. |
±×µéÀÇ ³ëµ¿°ú ±×µéÀÇ »î ÀÚü¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¸î ¾È µÇ´Â °ÔÀ¸¸§ÀïÀ̵鿡°Ô ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â ±× ³î¶ó¿î »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â - ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚµé ¹×
ÇÇ ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÑ Á¾Á·À̵çÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é, Àεµ ¹× ±âŸ¿¡¼Ã³·³, ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡¿¡¼ ¿Ôµç - ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±×¸®°í ¾îµð¿¡¼³ª ¶È°°½À´Ï´Ù. |
This
phenomenon seems particularly strange in India, for there more than two hundred
million people, highly gifted both physically and mentally, find themselves in
the power of a small group of people quite alien to them in thought, and
immeasurably inferior to them in religious morality. |
ÀÌ·± Çö»óÀº Ưº°È÷ Àεµ¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°÷¿¡¼´Â, °øÈ÷ ½ÅüÀû ¹× Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î Ź¿ùÇÑ Àç´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, 2¾ïÀÌ ³Ñ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ, »ç»óÀûÀ¸·Î ±×µé¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ, ±×¸®°í Á¾±³Àû µµ´ö¼º¿¡¼ ±×µé¿¡ ºñÇØ Ãø·®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ¿µîÇÑ, ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀÇ Áý´ÜÀÇ ±Ç·Â¿¡
±×µé ½º½º·Î°¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
From your
letter and the articles in Free Hindustan as well as from the very
interesting writings of the Hindu Swami Vivekananda and others, it appears
that, as is the case in our time with the ills of all nations, the reason lies
in the lack of a reasonable religious teaching which by explaining the meaning
of life would supply a supreme law for the guidance of conduct and would
replace the more than dubious precepts of pseudo-religion and pseudo-science
with the immoral conclusions deduced from them and commonly called
'civilization'. |
´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö¿Í [ÀÚÀ¯ ÀεµÀÎ]¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±â»çµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
Hindu
Swami Vivekananda ¹× ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸Å¿ì Èï¹Ì ÀÖ´Â ÀÛǰµé·ÎºÎÅÍ,
¿ì¸® ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ºÒÇàµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â, »îÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¼³¸íÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÁöħÀ¸·Î¼ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â,
±×¸®°í À¯»ç Á¾±³ÀÇ ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§µé ¹× ±×°Íµé·ÎºÎÅÍ µµÃâµÈ ±×¸®°í ÈçÈ÷ '¹®¸í'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ºñµµ´öÀûÀÎ °á·ÐµéÀ» ´ëüÇÏ´Â,
ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ Á¾±³Àû °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ °á¿©¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
Your
letter, as well as the articles in Free Hindustan and Indian political
literature generally, shows that most of the leaders of public opinion among
your people no longer attach any significance to the religious teachings that
were and are professed by the peoples of India, and recognize no possibility of
freeing the people from the oppression they endure except by adopting the
irreligious and profoundly immoral social arrangements under which the English
and other pseudo-Christian nations live to-day. |
´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö´Â, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î [ÀÚÀ¯ ÀεµÀÎ] ¹× ÀεµÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ Àú¼úµéÀÇ ±â»çµéµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ´ç½Åµé ±¹¹Îµé Áß ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿©·ÐÀÇ
¼±µµÀÚµéÀº ÀεµÀÇ ±¹¹Îµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ °í¹éµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç °í¹éµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â Á¾±³Àû °¡¸£Ä§µé¿¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾Æ¹«·± Á߿伺À» µÎ°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¿À´Ã³¯
¿µ±¹ÀÎµé ¹× ±âŸ À¯»ç ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Â ¹ÝÁ¾±³ÀûÀÌ¸ç ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ºñµµ´öÀûÀÎ »çȸÀû Á¦µµµéÀ» äÅÃÇÔÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ±×µéÀÌ °Þ´Â
¾ÐÁ¦·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¹¹ÎµéÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀνÄÇϰí ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. |
And yet
the chief if not the sole cause of the enslavement of the Indian peoples by the
English lies in this very absence of a religious consciousness and of the
guidance for conduct which should flow from it - a lack common in our day to
all nations East and West, from Japan to England and America alike. |
±×·¯³ª ¿µ±¹Àε鿡 ÀÇÇÑ ÀεµÀÇ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ ¿¹¼ÓÈÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê°ÚÁö¸¸ ÁÖµÈ ¿øÀÎÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á¾±³Àû ÀÇ½Ä ¹× ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯³ª¿Í¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§ÀÇ
ºÎÀç ±× ÀÚüÀ̸ç, ±× °á¿©´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ µ¿¾ç°ú ¼¾çÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¹°¡µé¿¡, ±×¸®°í ÀϺ»À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿µ±¹ ¹× ¹Ì±¹¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö °øÅëÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
|
0 ye,
who see perplexities over your heads, beneath your feet, and to the right and
left of you; you will be an eternal enigma unto yourselves until ye become
humble and joyful as children. Then will ye find Me, and having found Me in
yourselves, you will rule over worlds, and looking out from the great world
within to the little world without, you will bless everything that is, and find
all is well with time and with you. KRISHNA. |
¿À ³ÊÈñ´Â, ³ÊÈñ ¸Ó¸® À§, ³ÊÈñ ¹ß ¾Æ·¡, ±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñ ¿À¸¥Âʰú ¿ÞÂÊÀÇ È¥¶õµéÀ» º¸´Â±¸³ª; ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¾ÆÀ̵éó·³ °â¼ÕÇÏ°í ±â»µÁú ¶§±îÁö
³ÊÈñ´Â ³ÊÈñ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¿µ¿øÇÑ ¼ö¼ö²²³¢ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¸é ³ÊÈñ´Â ³ª¸¦ º¼ °ÍÀ̸ç, ³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡¼ ³ª¸¦ ã¾Æ³»°í, ³ÊÈñ´Â ¼¼»óÀ» ´Ù½º¸± °ÍÀ̸ç,
¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ¼¼»óÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ù±ù¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¶±×¸¸ ¼¼»óÀ» ÇâÇØ ¹Ù¶ó º¼ °ÍÀ̸ç, ³ÊÈñ´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÃູÇϰí, ½Ã°£°ú ÇÔ²² ±×¸®°í
³ÊÈñ¿Í ÇÔ²² ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ¿ÂÀüÇÔÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
KRISHNA |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
To make my
thoughts clear to you I must go farther back. We do not, cannot, and I venture
to say need not, know how men lived millions of years ago or even ten thousand
years ago, but we do know positively that, as far back as we have any knowledge
of mankind, it has always lived in special groups of families, tribes, and
nations in which the majority, in the conviction that it must be so,
submissively and willingly bowed to the rule of one or more persons-that is to
a very small minority. Despite all varieties of circumstances and personalities
these relations manifested themselves among the various peoples of whose origin
we have any knowledge; and the farther back we go the more absolutely necessary
did this arrangement appear, both to the rulers and the ruled, to make it
possible for people to live peacefully together. |
³ªÀÇ »ý°¢µéÀ» ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³ª´Â ÈξÀ ÀÌÀüÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡¾ß ÇϰڽÀ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ¶Ç´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ¸¸³â Àü¿¡
¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Ò´ÂÁö ¾ËÁöµµ, ¾Ë ¼öµµ, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â °¨È÷ ¾Ë Çʿ䵵 ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®°¡ Àηù¿¡ °üÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ °ú°Å¿¡µµ,
¾ðÁ¦³ª °¡Á·µé, Á¾Á·µé, ¹× ¹ÎÁ·µé °°Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Áý´ÜµéÀÌ »ì¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ±×µé Áß¿¡¼ ´Ù¼ö°¡, ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×·¯ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ½Å³ä¿¡¼, ¼øÁ¾Çϸé¼
±â²¨ÀÌ Çϳª ¶Ç´Â ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ - ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¸Å¿ì ÀûÀº ¼Ò¼öÀÇ - ÅëÄ¡¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇßÀ½À» ´Ü¿¬ÄÚ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç ´Ù¾çÇÑ »óȲµé ¹×
¼º°Ýµé¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí ÀÌµé °ü°èµéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ±× ±Ù¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³µ½À´Ï´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®°¡ ´õ¿í °ú°Å·Î
°¥ ¼ö·Ï ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á¦µµµéÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÆòÈ·Ó°Ô ÇÔ²² »ì¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï, ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµé ¹× ÇÇÄ¡Àڵ鿡°Ô °øÈ÷, ´õ¿í Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´´ø °Íó·³ º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù |
So it was
everywhere. But though this external form of life existed for centuries and
still exists, very early-thousands of years before our time-amid this life
based on coercion, one and the same thought constantly emerged among different
nations, namely, that in every individual a spiritual element is manifested
that gives life to all that exists, and that this spiritual element strives to
unite with everything of a like nature to itself, and attains this aim through
love. This thought appeared in most various forms at different times and
places, with varying completeness and clarity. It found expression in
Brahmanism, Judaism, Mazdaism (the teachings of Zoroaster), in Buddhism,
Taoism, Confucianism, and in the writings of the Greek and Roman sages, as well
as in Christianity and Mohammedanism. The mere fact that this thought has
sprung up among different nations and at different times indicates that it is
inherent in human nature and contains the truth. But this truth was made known
to people who considered that a community could only be kept together if some
of them restrained others, and so it appeared quite irreconcilable with the
existing order of society. Moreover it was at first expressed only
fragmentarily, and so obscurely that though people admitted its theoretic truth
they could not entirely accept it as guidance for their conduct. Then, too, the
dissemination of the truth in a society based on coercion was always hindered
in one and the same manner, namely, those in power, feeling that the
recognition of this truth would undermine their position, consciously or
sometimes unconsciously perverted it by explanations and additions quite
foreign to it, and also opposed it by open violence. Thus the truth-that his
life should be directed by the spiritual element which is its basis, which
manifests itself as love, and which is so natural to man-this truth, in order
to force a way to man's consciousness, had to struggle not merely against the
obscurity with which it was expressed and the intentional and unintentional
distortions surrounding it, but also against deliberate violence, which by
means of persecutions and punishments sought to compel men to accept religious
laws authorized by the rulers and conflicting with the truth. Such a hindrance
and misrepresentation of the truth-which had not yet achieved complete
clarity-occurred everywhere: in Confucianism and Taoism, in Buddhism and in
Christianity, in Mohammedanism and in your Brahmanism. |
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀº ¾îµð¿¡³ª ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¿ÜÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ÇüŰ¡ ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸Å¿ì Ãʱ⿡ - ¿ì¸®
½Ã´ëº¸´Ù ¼ö õ³â Àü¿¡ - °¾Ð¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ÀÌ·± »îÀÇ ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥´Â, »óÀÌÇÑ ±¹°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÇϳªÀÌ¸ç µ¿ÀÏÇÑ »ç»óÀÌ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ºÎ»óÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Áï,
ÀÌ »ç»óÀº Á¦°¢±â °³ÀÎ ¾È¿¡´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °Íµé¿¡°Ô »ý¸íÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¿µÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÇ¸ç, ÀÌ ¿µÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò´Â À¯»çÇÑ ¼ºÁúÀ» Áö´Ñ °¢°¢ÀÇ
°ÍÀ» ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ÇÔ²² ¿¬ÇÕÇÏ·Á ¾Ö¾´´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ç»óÀº ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã´ëµé°ú Àå¼Òµé¿¡¼ °¡Àå ´Ù¾çÇÑ Çüŵé·Î ÃâÇöÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿Ï¼ºµµ¿Í
¸í·áÇÔÀ» Áö³æ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀº ºê¶ó¸¸±³, À¯´ë±³, ¸¶Áî´Ù±³(Á¶·Î¾Æ½ºÅÍÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§µé)¿¡¼, ºÒ±³, µµ±³, ¹× ±×¸®½º ¹× ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÇöÀÚµéÀÇ
ÀÛǰµé¿¡¼´Â ¹°·Ð, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¹× ¸¶È£¸ÞÆ®±³¿¡ ¹ß°ßµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ç»óÀÌ »óÀÌÇÑ ±¹°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ±×¸®°í »óÀÌÇÑ ½Ã´ëµé¿¡¼ ¼Ú¾Æ³µ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç »çü´Â
±×°ÍÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ º»¼º¿¡ ³»ÀçµÈ °ÍÀ̸ç Áø¸®¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖÀ½À» °¡¸®Åµ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± Áø¸®´Â ÇÑ °øµ¿Ã¼°¡ ±×µé ÁßÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¾ï´©¸¥´Ù¸é
¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÔ²² À¯ÁöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¸¸ ¾Ë·ÁÁ³À¸¸ç, ±×·¡¼ ±×°ÍÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ »çȸ Áú¼¿Í »ó´çÈ÷ ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³ º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
°Ô´Ù°¡ ±×°ÍÀº óÀ½¿¡ ´ÜÆíÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ³Ê¹«³ª Èñ¹ÌÇÏ¿©¼ ºñ·Ï »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀû Áø½ÇÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ±×µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ
ÁöħÀ¸·Î¼ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¶§µµ ¿ª½Ã, °¾ÐÀ» Åä´ë·Î ÇÏ´Â »çȸ ¾È¿¡¼ Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀüÆÄ´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÇϳªÀÌÀÚ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀúÁöµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
Áï, ±Ç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀº, ÀÌ·± Áø¸®ÀÇ ÀÎÁ¤ÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ Àá½ÄÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â¸é¼, ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ±×°Í°ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ
ÇØ¼®µé°ú ÷°¡µé·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ¿Ö°îÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ °ø°ø¿¬ÇÑ Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» °¡·Î¸·¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© Áø¸®´Â - ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀÌ, Áø¸®ÀÇ Åä´ëÀ̸ç,
»ç¶ûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ, ¿µÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀεµµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í -, ÀÌ Áø¸®´Â, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀǽÄÀ» ÇâÇÑ ±æÀ» °Á¦Çϱâ
À§ÇÏ¿©, ±×°ÍÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â ºÒ¸í·áÇÔ¿¡ ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â °íÀÇÀû ¹× ¿ì¹ßÀûÀÎ ¿Ö°îµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀǵµÀûÀÎ Æø·Â, Áï ¹ÚÇØµé°ú
ó¹úµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ½ÂÀεǾúÀ¸¸ç Áø¸®¿Í Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â Á¾±³Àû ¹ý·üµéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̵µ·Ï ÇÏ´Â Æø·Â¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿©¾ß
Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¿Í °°Àº ¹æÇØ¿Í ¿ÀÀü(è¦îî)Àº - ¾ÆÁ÷ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸í·áÇÔÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼ - À¯±³ ¹× µµ±³¿¡¼, ±×¸®°í ºÒ±³¿¡¼
¹× ±×¸®½ºµµ±³¿¡¼, ¸¶È£¸ÞÆ®±³¿¡¼ ¹× ´ç½ÅÀÇ ºê¶ó¸¸±³¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
|
My hand
has sowed love everywhere, giving unto all that will receive. Blessings are
offered unto all My children, but many times in their blindness they fail to
see them. How few there are who gather the gifts which lie in profusion at
their feet: how many there are, who, in wilful waywardness, turn their eyes
away from them and complain with a wail that they have not that which I have
given them; many of them defiantly repudiate not only My gifts, but Me also,
Me, the Source of all blessings and the Author of their being.
KRISHNA. |
³ªÀÇ ¼ÕÀº ¸ðµç °÷¿¡ »ç¶ûÀ» ½É¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¹Þ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç Àڵ鿡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú³ë¶ó. ³ªÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô ÃູÀ» ³»·ÈÀ¸³ª, ±×µéÀÇ ¸Í¸ñ(ØîÙÍ)À¸·Î
¿©·¯ ¹ø ±×°ÍµéÀ» º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¹ß ¾Æ·¡ ³Î·Á ÀÖ´Â ¼±¹°µéÀ» °ÅµÎ´Â ÀÚµéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÀûÀº°¡: °íÁý½º·± º¯´öÀ¸·Î, ±×µéÀÇ ´«µéÀ»
±×°Íµé¿¡¼ µ¹¸®°í ³»°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁØ °ÍÀ» °®Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ½½ÇÇ Çϼҿ¬ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº°¡; ±×µé Áß ¸¹Àº ÀÚµéÀº ³ªÀÇ ¼±¹°µé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó,
³ª, ¸ðµç ÃູµéÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ̸ç, ±×µé Á¸ÀçÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÀÚÀÎ ³ª¸¦ °ÅºÎÇϴ±¸³ª.
KRISHNA. |
I tarry
awhile from the turmoil and strife of the world. I will beautify and quicken
thy life with love and with joy, for the light of the soul is Love. Where Love
is, there is contentment and peace, and where there is contentment and peace,
there am I, also, in their midst.
KRISHNA. |
³ª´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ È¥¶õ°ú ´ÙÅù¿¡¼ Àá½Ã ¸Ö¸® ÀÖ³ë¶ó. ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ »îÀ» »ç¶û°ú ±â»ÝÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¸§´ä°Ô ¸¸µé°í »ý±â ÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µé °ÍÀÌ´Ï, ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ ºûÀº
»ç¶ûÀ̶ó. »ç¶ûÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ ¸¸Á·°ú ÆòȰ¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸¸Á·°ú ÆòȰ¡ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡, ±×°÷¿¡ ³»°¡, ¶ÇÇÑ, ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ ÀÖ³ë¶ó.
KRISHNA. |
The aim of the sinless One consists in
acting without causing sorrow to others, although he could attain to great
power by ignoring their feelings.
The aim of the sinless One lies in not
doing evil unto those who have done evil unto him.
If a man causes suffering even to those
who hate him without any reason, he will ultimately have grief not to be
overcome.
The punishment of evil doers consists
in making them feel ashamed of themselves by doing them a great kindness.
Of what use is superior knowledge in
the one, if he does not endeavour to relieve his neighbour's want as much as
his own?
If, in the morning, a man wishes to do
evil unto another, in the evening the evil will return to him.
THE HINDU KURAL. |
ÁË ¾ø´Â ÀÚÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ´Ù¸¥ Àڵ鿡°Ô ½½ÇÄÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾Ê°í ÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ³ª´Ï, ºñ·Ï ±×°¡ ±×µéÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ¿© Ä¿´Ù¶õ ÈûÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö
ÀÖÀ»Áö¶óµµ.
ÁË ¾ø´Â ÀÚÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÑ Àڵ鿡°Ô ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½¿¡ ÀÖµµ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½ÉÁö¾î ¾Æ¹« ÀÌÀ¯ ¾øÀÌ ±×¸¦ Áõ¿ÀÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¶óµµ °íÅëÀ» Áشٸé, ±×´Â °á±¹ ±Øº¹µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÈÄȸ¸¦ ¾ò°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Ã³¹úÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô Ä¿´Ù¶õ Ä£ÀýÀ» ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×µé ½º½º·Î ºÎ²ô·¯¿ö Çϵµ·Ï ¸¸µê¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
»ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ¶Ù¾î³ Áö½ÄÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀ̰ڴ°¡, ¸¸ÀÏ ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ °Í ¸¸Å ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ °íÅëÀ» ´ú¾îÁÖ·Á ¾Ö¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é?
¸¸ÀÏ, ¾ÆÄ§¿¡, ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇϰíÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Àú³áÀÌ¸é ±× ¾ÇÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô µ¹¾Æ ¿À¸®¶ó.
THE HINDU KURAL. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
Thus it
went on everywhere. The recognition that love represents the highest morality
was nowhere denied or contradicted, but this truth was so interwoven everywhere
with all kinds of falsehoods which distorted it, that finally nothing of it
remained but words. It was taught that this highest morality was only
applicable to private life-for home use, as it were-but that in public life all
forms of violence-such as imprisonment, executions, and wars-might be used for
the protection of the majority against a minority of evildoers, though such
means were diametrically opposed to any vestige of love. And though common
sense indicated that if some men claim to decide who is to be subjected to
violence of all kinds for the benefit of others, these men to whom violence is
applied may, in turn, arrive at a similar conclusion with regard to those who
have employed violence to them, and though the great religious teachers of
Brahmanism, Buddhism, and above all of Christianity, foreseeing such a
perversion of the law of love, have constantly drawn attention to the one
invariable condition of love (namely, the enduring of injuries, insults, and
violence of all kinds without resisting evil by evil) people
continued-regardless of all that leads man forward-to try to unite the
incompatibles: the virtue of love, and what is opposed to love, namely, the
restraining of evil by violence. And such a teaching, despite its inner
contradiction, was so firmly established that the very people who recognize
love as a virtue accept as lawful at the same time an order of life based on
violence and allowing men not merely to torture but even to kill one another. |
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµç °÷¿¡¼ ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¶ûÀÌ Áö°íÇÑ µµ´öÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù´Â ÀνÄÀº ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼µµ ºÎÀεǰųª ºÎÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ
Áø¸®´Â ¾îµð¿¡ °¡³ª ±×°ÍÀ» ¿Ö°îÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ °ÅÁþµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¿«¾îÁ®¼, ¸¶Ä§³» ¸» ¹Û¿¡´Â ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ³²Áö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº
Áö°íÀÇ µµ´öÀº, ¿ÀÁ÷ »çÀûÀÎ »î - À̸¦Å׸é, Áý¾ÈÀÇ ¿ëµµ - ¿¡¸¸ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °øÁßÀÇ »î¿¡¼´Â ¸ðµç ÇüÅÂÀÇ Æø·Âµé - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é
Åõ¿Á, óÇüµé, ¹× ÀüÀïµé - ÀÌ, ºñ·Ï ±×·± ¼ö´ÜµéÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇÑ »ç¶ûÀÇ ÈçÀû¿¡µµ Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î ´ëÄ¡µÇ´õ¶óµµ, ¼Ò¼öÀÇ Çà¾ÇÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼ö¸¦
º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃÄÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¾ç½ÉÀÌ, ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´©°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ À¯ÀÍÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Æø·Â¿¡
Ã³ÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù¸é, Æø·ÂÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ¾îÁö´Â ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ, µ¹ÀÌÄѼ, ±×µé¿¡°Ô Æø·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©
À¯»çÇÑ °á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í °¡¸®ÄÑ ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ºñ·Ï ºê¶ó¸¸±³, ºÒ±³, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ Á¾±³ ¼±»ýµéÀÌ, »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡
´ëÇÑ ±×¿Í °°Àº ¿Ö°îÀ» ¿¹°ßÇϰí¼, »ç¶ûÀÇ ºÒº¯ÇÏ´Â »óÅ (Áï, °íÅëµé, ¸ð¿åµé ¹× ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Æø·ÂµéÀ» ¾Ç¿¡ ¾ÇÀ¸·Î ÀúÇ×ÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ Âü´Â
°Í)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ÁÖ¸ñÇØ ¿ÔÀ½¿¡µµ, »ç¶÷µéÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼ - »ç¶÷À» ¾ÕÀ¸·Î À̲ô´Â ¸ðµç °Íµé¿¡ °ü°è ¾øÀÌ - ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íµé - »ç¶ûÀÇ
¹Ì´ö, ±×¸®°í »ç¶û¿¡ ´ëÄ¡µÇ´Â °Í, Áï Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î¼ ¾ÇÀ» ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â °Í - À» °áÇÕÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·± °¡¸£Ä§Àº, ±× ³»ÀûÀÎ
¸ð¼ø¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ³Ê¹«³ª ±»°ÇÈ÷ È®¸³µÇ¾î¼ »ç¶ûÀ» ¹Ì´öÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé Á¶Â÷µµ, Æø·ÂÀ» Åä´ë·Î ÇÏ´Â »îÀÇ Áú¼¿Í µ¿½Ã¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °í¹®ÇÏ´Â
°Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼·Î Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ», ÇÕ¹ýÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. |
For a long
time people lived in this obvious contradiction without noticing it. But a time
arrived when this contradiction became more and more evident to thinkers of
various nations. And the old and simple truth that it is natural for men to
help and to love one another, but not to torture and to kill one another,
became ever clearer, so that fewer and fewer people were able to believe the
sophistries by which the distortion of the truth had been made so plausible. |
¿À·§µ¿¾È »ç¶÷µéÀº À̰°ÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÑ ¸ð¼ø ¾È¿¡¼ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸² ¾øÀÌ »ì¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ¸ð¼øÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ »ç»ó°¡µé¿¡°Ô Á¡Á¡ ´õ
ºÐ¸íÇØÁö´Â ½Ã´ë°¡ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼·Î¸¦ µ½°í »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç¿¬Çϸç, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °í¹®ÇÏ°í »ìÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â,
¿À·¡µÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ´Ü¼øÇÑ, Áø¸®°¡ ÀÌÀüº¸´Ù ´õ¿í ¸í¹éÇØ Á³À¸¸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿Ö°îÀÌ ±×Åä·Ï ±×·² µí Çß¾ú´ø ±Ëº¯µéÀ» Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÀûÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹ÏÀ»
¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. |
In former
times the chief method of justifying the use of violence and thereby infringing
the law of love was by claiming a divine right for the rulers: the Tsars,
Sultans, Rajahs, Shahs, and other heads of states. But the longer humanity
lived the weaker grew the belief in this peculiar, God-given right of the
ruler. That belief withered in the same way and almost simultaneously in the
Christian and the Brahman world, as well as in Buddhist and Confucian spheres,
and in recent times it has so faded away as to prevail no longer against man's
reasonable understanding and the true religious feeling. People saw more and
more clearly, and now the majority see quite clearly, the senselessness and
immorality of subordinating their wills to those of other people just like
themselves, when they are bidden to do what is contrary not only to their
interests but also to their moral sense. And so one might suppose that having
lost confidence in any religious authority for a belief in the divinity of
potentates of various kinds, people would try to free themselves from
subjection to it. But unfortunately not only were the rulers, who were
considered supernatural beings, benefited by having the peoples in subjection,
but as a result of the belief in, and during the rule of, these pseudodivine
beings, ever larger and larger circles of people grouped and established
themselves around them, and under an appearance of governing took advantage of
the people. And when the old deception of a supernatural and God-appointed
authority had dwindled away these men were only concerned to devise a new one
which like its predecessor should make it possible to hold the people in
bondage to a limited number of rulers. |
°ú°Å ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â Æø·ÂÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» Á¤´çÈÇÏ´Â ±×¸®°í ±×·³À¸·Î½á »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ħ¹üÇÏ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀº ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡°Ô ½ÅÀûÀÎ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù: Â¥¸£, ¼úź, ¶óÀÚ, »þ, ±×¸®°í ±âŸ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¼ö¹Ýµé. ±×·¯³ª Àηù°¡ ¿À·¡ »ì¾Æ °¡¸é °¥ ¼ö·Ï ÀÌ·± ƯÀÌÇÑ, ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ,
Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ³»¸°, ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Àº ´õ¿í ¾àÇØÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·± ¹ÏÀ½Àº ¶È°°Àº ½ÄÀ¸·Î ±×¸®°í °ÅÀÇ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¹× ºê¶ó¸¸±³ ¼¼°è¿¡¼, °Ô´Ù°¡
ºÒ±³ ¹× À¯±³ ±Ç¿¡¼µµ ½Ãµé¾úÀ¸¸ç, °¡±î¿î ½Ã´ëµé¿¡µµ ±×°ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª Èñ¹ÌÇØÁ®¼ »ç¶÷ÀÇ À̼ºÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇØ¿Í ÂüµÈ Á¾±³Àû Á¤¼¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ¿© ´õ ÀÌ»ó
Ç༼ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌÀ͵鿡 »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µéÀÇ µµ´öÀû Á¤¼¿¡µµ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¸í·É ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, ±×µéÀÇ
ÀÇÁöµéÀ» ±×µé Àڽŵé°ú À¯»çÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇÁöµé¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÔÀÇ ¹«ºÐº°ÇÔ°ú ºÎµµ´ö¼ºÀ», Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌÁ¦´Â ´Ù¼ö°¡ »ó´çÈ÷
¸í¹éÈ÷ ±ú´Ý°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¡¼, ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀÚµéÀÇ ½Å¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¾î¶² Á¾±³Àû ±ÇÀ§µµ ½Å·Ú¸¦ »ó½ÇÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î,
»ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¾¼Ó¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Áú °ÍÀ» ½ÃµµÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â °¡Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºÒÇàÇϰԵµ, ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ Á¸Àçµé·Î ¿©°ÜÁ³À¸¸ç,
»ç¶÷µéÀ» º¹Á¾ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µêÀ¸·Î½á ÇýÅÃÀ» ¹Þ´ø ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, À̵é ÇãÀ§ÀÇ ½ÅÀûÀÎ Á¸Àçµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼, ±×¸®°í À̵鿡 ÀÇÇÑ ÅëÄ¡
±â°£ µ¿¾È, ±×µé ÁÖº¯¿¡ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Ä¿°¡´Â ¹«¸®ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áý´ÜÈÇÏ¿© ÀÚ¸®Àâ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÅëÄ¡¶ó´Â ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í
ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ̸ç Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÓ¸íÇÑ ±ÇÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ú°ÅÀÇ ±â¸¸ÀÌ ½Ãµé¾îÁöÀÚ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀüÀÓÀÚµéó·³ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡°Ô ¿¹¼Ó »óÅ·Î
µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ »õ·Î¿î °ÍÀ» °í¾ÈÇÔ¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
|
Children, do you want to know by what your hearts should be guided? Throw aside
your longings and strivings after that which is null and void; get rid of your
erroneous thoughts about happiness and wisdom, and your empty and insincere
desires. Dispense with these and you will know Love.
KRISHNA. |
ÀÚ³àµé¾Æ, ³ÊÈñ ¸¶À½µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ÀεµµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó´À³Ä? °øÇãÇÑ °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ÊÈñÀÇ °¥¸Áµé°ú ³ë·ÂµéÀ» ´øÁ®¹ö·Á¶ó; Çູ°ú
ÁöÇý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ÊÈñÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ý°¢µé, ±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñÀÇ °øÇãÇÏ°í ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ ¿å¸ÁµéÀ» ¹þ¾î ´øÁö¶ó. À̰͵éÀ» ¾øÀÌÇÏ¸é ³ÊÈñ´Â »ç¶ûÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¸®¶ó.
KRISHNA. |
Be not
the destroyers of yourselves. Arise to your true Being, and then you will have
nothing to fear.
KRISHNA. |
½º½º·Î¸¦ ÆÄ±«ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ µÇÁö ¸»¶ó. ³ÊÈñÀÇ ÂüµÈ Á¸Àç·Î ±ú¾î³ª¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ³ÊÈñ´Â µÎ·Á¿öÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸®¶ó.
KRISHNA. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
New
justifications have now appeared in place of the antiquated, obsolete,
religious ones. These new justifications are just as inadequate as the old
ones, but as they are new their futility cannot immediately be recognized by
the majority of men. Besides this, those who enjoy power propagate these new
sophistries and support them so skilfully that they seem irrefutable even to
many of those who suffer from the oppression these theories seek to justify.
These new justifications are termed 'scientific'. But by the term 'scientific'
is understood just what was formerly understood by the term 'religious': just
as formerly everything called 'religious' was held to be unquestionable simply
because it was called religious, so now all that is called 'scientific' is held
to be unquestionable. In the present case the obsolete religious justification
of violence which consisted in the recognition of the supernatural personality
of the God-ordained ruler ('there is no power but of God') has been superseded
by the 'scientific' justification which puts forward, first, the assertion that
because the coercion of man by man has existed in all ages, it follows that
such coercion must continue to exist. This assertion that people should
continue to live as they have done throughout past ages rather than as their
reason and conscience indicate, is what 'science' calls 'the historic law'. A
further 'scientific' justification lies in the statement that as among plants
and wild beasts there is a constant struggle for existence which always results
in the survival of the fittest, a similar struggle should be carried on among
human beings-beings, that is, who are gifted with intelligence and love;
faculties lacking in the creatures subject to the struggle for existence and
survival of the fittest. Such is the second 'scientific' justification. |
»õ·Î¿î Á¤´çȵéÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ °í·çÇϰí, ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â, Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °ÍµéÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© ³ªÅ¸³µ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌµé »õ·Î¿î Á¤´çȵéÀº °ú°ÅÀÇ °Íµé ¸¸ÅÀ̳ª
¸ð¼øÀûÀ̾úÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍµéÀº »õ°ÍÀ̾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±×µéÀÇ ¹«¿ë¼ºÀº ´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áï½Ã ÀνĵǾîÁú ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±Ç·ÂÀ» ´©¸®´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌµé »õ·Î¿î ±Ëº¯µéÀ» ÀüÆÄÇÏ°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¸Å¿ì ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¿øÇÏ¿©¼ À̵é À̷еéÀÌ Á¤´çÈÇϰíÀÚ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¾ï¾Ðµé·ÎºÎÅÍ °íÅë ¹Þ´Â ¸¹Àº
»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Á¶Â÷µµ ³íÀÇÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â °Íó·³ º¸Àδٴ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº »õ·Î¿î Á¤´ç¼ºµéÀº '°úÇÐÀû'À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾îÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
'°úÇÐÀû'À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î·Î ÀÌÇØµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î °ú°Å¿¡ 'Á¾±³Àû'À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î·Î ÀÌÇØµÇ´ø °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù: °ú°Å¿¡ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ Á¾±³ÀûÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡
'Á¾±³Àû'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ Àǹ®ÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´ø °Í°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ, ÀÌÁ¦ '°úÇÐÀû'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Àǹ®ÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í
¿©°ÜÁý´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀçÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ÀÓ¸íÇÑ('¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±Ç·Â¸¸ ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù') ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÇ ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ¼º°ÝÀÇ ÀνÄÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´ø Æø·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾µ¸ð
¾ø´Â Á¾±³Àû Á¤´çÈ´Â '°úÇÐÀû' Á¤´çÈ·Î ´ëüµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀº, ¸ÕÀú, »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Á¦´Â ¸ðµç ½Ã´ëµé¿¡¼ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡,
±×°ÍÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ °Á¦´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã °è¼ÓÇØ¼ Á¸ÀçÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀ̶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ À̼º ¹× ¾ç½ÉÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â °Íº¸´Ù´Â °ú°ÅÀÇ
½Ã´ëµéÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ÇàÇØÁö´ø ´ë·Î °è¼ÓÇØ¼ »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â, ÀÌ·± ÁÖÀåÀº, '°úÇÐ'ÀÌ ÀÏÄ´ ¹Ù, "¿ª»çÀû ¹ýÄ¢"ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áøº¸ÇÑ '°úÇÐÀû' Á¤´çÈ´Â
½Ä¹°µé°ú ¾ß»ý Áü½Âµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀûÀÚ »ýÁ¸À» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â »ýÁ¸ ÅõÀïÀÌ ÀÖµíÀÌ, Àΰ£ Á¸Àçµé - ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¿µ¸®ÇÔ°ú »ç¶ûÀ»
Ÿ°í³ Á¸Àç; »ýÁ¸ ÅõÀï°ú ÀûÀÚ »ýÁ¸¿¡ Á¾¼ÓµÈ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °á¿©µÈ ´É·Âµé - »çÀÌ¿¡¼µµ À¯»çÇÑ ÅõÀïÀÌ ¼öÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¼±¾ðÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î
µÎ ¹øÂ°ÀÇ '°úÇÐÀû' Á¤´çÈÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
The third,
most important, and unfortunately most widespread justification is, at bottom,
the age- old religious one just a little altered: that in public life the
suppression of some for the protection of the majority cannot be avoided-so
that coercion is unavoidable however desirable reliance on love alone might be
in human intercourse. The only difference in this justification by
pseudo-science consists in the fact that, to the question why such and such
people and not others have the right to decide against whom violence may and
must be used, pseudo-science now gives a different reply to that given by
religion-which declared that the right to decide was valid because it was
pronounced by persons possessed of divine power. 'Science' says that these
decisions represent the will of the people, which under a constitutional form
of government is supposed to find expression in all the decisions and actions
of those who are at the helm at the moment. |
¼¼ ¹øÂ°À̸ç, °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ, ±×¸®°í ºÒÇàÇϰԵµ °¡Àå ¸¸¿¬µÈ Á¤´çÈ´Â, »ç½Ç, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾à°£ º¯ÇüµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ¿À·¡ ¹¬Àº Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: Áï, °øÀûÀÎ
»î¿¡¼ ´Ù¼öÀÇ º¸È£¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀϺο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ï¾ÐÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù - ±×·¡¼ Àΰ£ÀÇ ±³Á¦¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶û¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ °Á¦´Â
ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À¯»ç °úÇп¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á¤´çÈ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ´Â, Æø·ÂÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ ±×¸®°í ¹Ýµå½Ã »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ »ç¶÷¿¡
´ëÇØ °áÁ¤ÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ¿Ö ±×·¸°í ±×·± »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡Áö¸ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡ÁöÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °¡ÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼, À¯»ç °úÇÐÀº ÀÌÁ¦ - °áÁ¤ÇÒ ±Ç¸®´Â
±×°ÍÀÌ ½Å¼ºÇÑ ±Ç·ÂÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼±¾ðµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¼±Æ÷ÇÏ´ø - Á¾±³¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖ¾îÁø °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ ´ë´äÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡
Á¸ÀçÇÕ´Ï´Ù. '°úÇÐ'Àº, ÀÌ·± °áÁ¤µéÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ ´ëº¯Çϸç, ±×°ÍÀº Çå¹ýÀû ÇüÅÂÀÇ Á¤ºÎ ¾Æ·¡¼ ±× ´ç½Ã ´Ù½º¸®°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸ðµç
°áÁ¤µé°ú ÇàÀ§µé ¾È¿¡¼ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ãµµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
Such are
the scientific justifications of the principle of coercion. They are not merely
weak but absolutely invalid, yet they are so much needed by those who occupy
privileged positions that they believe in them as blindly as they formerly
believed in the immaculate conception, and propagate them just as confidently.
And the unfortunate majority of men bound to toil is so dazzled by the pomp
with which these 'scientific truths' are presented, that under this new
influence it accepts these scientific stupidities for holy truth, just as it
formerly accepted the pseudo-religious justifications; and it continues to
submit to the present holders of power who are just as hard- hearted but rather
more numerous than before. |
°¾ÐÀÇ ¿ø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °úÇÐÀû Á¤´çȵéÀº ±×¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ±Ù°Å°¡ ¹Ú¾àÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Ÿ´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍµéÀº
Ư±ÇÀûÀÎ ÁöÀ§µéÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿©¼ ±×µéÀÌ °ú°Å¿¡ ¼ø¼öÇÑ °³³äÀ» ¹Ï¾ú´ø °Íó·³ ¸Í¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¸ç, ¶È°°ÀÌ È®½ÅÀ»
°¡Áö°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀüÆÄÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Èû½á ÀÏÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â ºÒÇàÇÑ ´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº '°úÇÐÀû Áø¸®µé'ÀÌ µå·¯³»´Â À§¾ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
³Ê¹«³ª ¾ÆÂñÇÑ ³ª¸ÓÁö, ¸¶Ä¡ °ú°Å°Ô ±×µéÀÌ À¯»ç Á¾±³Àû Á¤´çȵéÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ µé¿´´ø °Í°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ, ÀÌ·± »õ·Î¿î ¿µÇ⠾Ʒ¡¼ ±×µéÀº ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº °úÇÐÀû
¾î¸®¼®Àº Áþ°Å¸®µéÀ» ¼º½º·± Áø¸®·Î ¹Þ¾Æ µéÀ̸ç; ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ÀÌÀü°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ¸é¼ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ´õ¿í ¸¹¾Æ Áø ÇöÀçÀÇ ±Ç·Â º¸À¯Àڵ鿡°Ô
°è¼ÓÇØ¼ º¹Á¾ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
|
Who am
I? I am that which thou hast searched for since thy baby eyes gazed wonderingly
upon the world, whose horizon hides this real life from thee. I am that which
in thy heart thou hast prayed for, demanded as thy birthright, although thou
hast not known what it was. I am that which has lain in thy soul for hundreds
and thousands of years. Sometimes I lay in thee grieving because thou didst not
recognize me; sometimes I raised my head, opened my eyes, and extended my arms
calling thee either tenderly and quietly, or strenuously, demanding that thou
shouldst rebel against the iron chains which bound thee to the earth.
KRISHNA. |
³ª´Â ´©±¸Àΰ¡? ³ª¸¦ ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¾Æ±â ´«µéÀÌ, ÁöÆò¼±ÀÌ ÀÌ·± ÇöÀçÀÇ »îÀ» ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô¼ ¼û±â´Â, ¼¼»óÀ» ³î¶÷À¸·Î ÀÀ½ÃÇÏ¿´´ø ¶§ºÎÅÍ
³ÊÈñ´Â ã¾Ò´À´Ï¶ó. ºñ·Ï ³ÊÈñ´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ô¶úÀ¸³ª, ³ª¸¦ ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¸¶À½ ¾È¿¡¼ ±âµµÇÔÀ¸·Î, ³ÊÈñÀÇ Ãâ»ýÀÇ ±Ç¸®·Î ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀ̶ó. ³ª´Â
³ÊÈñÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ¼ö½Ê ¸¸³â µ¿¾È ÀÖ¾ú´À´Ï¶ó. ¶§·Î´Â ³ª´Â ³ÊÈñ°¡ ³ª¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸Áö ¸øÇϹǷΠ³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡ ½½ÆÛÇϸç ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç; ¶§·Î´Â ³ªÀÇ ¸Ó¸®µé µé°í,
³ªÀÇ ´«µéÀ» ¿°í, ±×¸®°í ³ªÀÇ ÆÈ µéÀ» ¹ú¸®¸ç ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ºÎµå·´°Ô ±×¸®°í Á¶¿ëÈ÷, ¶Ç´Â °Ý·ÄÇÏ°Ô ºÒ·¶À¸¸ç, ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ¶¥¿¡ ¹°í ÀÖ´Â ¼è»ç½½¿¡
¹Ý¶õÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´³ë¶ó.
KRISHNA. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
So matters
went on, and still go on, in the Christian world. But we might have hope that
in the immense Brahman, Buddhist, and Confucian worlds this new scientific
superstition would not establish itself, and that the Chinese, Japanese, and
Hindus, once their eyes were opened to the religious fraud justifying violence,
would advance directly to a recognition of the law of love inherent in
humanity, and which had been so forcibly enunciated by the great Eastern
teachers. But what has happened is that the scientific superstition replacing
the religious one has been accepted and secured a stronger and stronger hold in
the East. |
±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ¿©, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¼¼»ó¿¡´Â ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ±¤È°ÇÑ ºê¶ó¸¸, ºÒ±³ ¹× À¯±³ ¼¼»óµé ¾È¿¡´Â
ÀÌ·± »õ·Î¿î °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½ÅÀÌ ÀÚ¸®ÀâÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸é, ±×¸®°í Áß±¹, ÀϺ» ±×¸®°í Àεµ´Â, °ú°Å¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ´«µéÀÌ Æø·ÂÀ» Á¤´çÈÇÏ´Â »ç±âµé¿¡ ¿·Á
ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, Àΰ£¿¡ ³»ÀçµÈ »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀÇ ÀνÄÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº À§´ëÇÑ µ¿¾çÀÇ ±³»çµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±×Åä·Ï °·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÁÖÀåµÇ¾î ¿Ô´ø ÅͶó, Áï½Ã
³ª¾Æ °¬À¸¸é ÇÏ´Â ±â´ë¸¦ °¡Áú ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹ß»ýÇÑ °ÍÀº µ¿¾ç¿¡¼ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ´ëüÇÏ´Â °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½ÅÀÌ ¼ö¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Á¡Á¡ ´õ
ưưÇÑ ¹ßÆÇÀ» È®º¸ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. |
In your
periodical you set out as the basic principle which should guide the actions of
your people the maxim that: 'Resistance to aggression is not simply justifiable
but imperative, nonresistance hurts both Altruism and Egotism.' |
´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀâÁö¿¡¼ ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇൿµéÀ» ÀεµÇÒ ±âº»Àû ¿ø¸®µé·Î¼ ´ç½ÅÀº Çൿ¿ø¸®¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù: 'ħ·«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×Àº Á¤´ç鵃 »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
Àǹ«ÀûÀÌ´Ù, ¹«ÀúÇ×Àº ÀÌŸÁÖÀÇ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À̱âÁÖÀǵµ ´ÙÄ¡°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.' |
Love is
the only way to rescue humanity from all ills, and in it you too have the only
method of saving your people from enslavement. In very ancient times love was
proclaimed with special strength and clearness among your people to be the
religious basis of human life. Love, and forcible resistance to evil-doers,
involve such a mutual contradiction as to destroy utterly the whole sense and
meaning of the conception of love. And what follows? With a light heart and in
the twentieth century you, an adherent of a religious people, deny their law,
feeling convinced of your scientific enlightenment and your right to do so, and
you repeat (do not take this amiss) the amazing stupidity indoctrinated in you
by the advocates of the use of violence-the enemies of truth, the servants
first of theology and then of science-your European teachers. |
»ç¶ûÀº ¸ðµç °íÅëµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Àηù¸¦ ±¸¿øÇÒ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±æÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±× ¾È¿¡¼ ´ç½Å ¿ª½Ã ¿¹¼ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¸ÇÒ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸Å¿ì °ú°ÅÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ »ç¶ûÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ Àΰ£ÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¾±³Àû Åä´ë·Î¼ Ưº°ÇÑ Èû°ú ¸í·áÇÔÀ» °¡Áö°í ¼±¾ðµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
»ç¶û, ±×¸®°í Çà¾ÇÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Æø·ÂÀû ÀúÇ×Àº, »ç¶ûÀÇ °³³ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àüü Àǽİú Àǹ̸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÆÄ±«ÇÒ Á¤µµÀÇ »óÈ£Àû ¸ð¼øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í
¹«¾ùÀÌ µû¶ó¿É´Ï±î? ±â»Ý¿¡ µé¶á ¸¶À½À¸·Î ±×¸®°í 20 ¼¼±â¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀº, Á¾±³Àû »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇÑ ½ÅºÀÀڷμ, ´ç½ÅÀÇ °úÇÐÀû °è¸ù ¹× ±×¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇàÇÒ
±Ç¸®¸¦ ´À³¢¸é¼ ±×µéÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ºÎÀÎÇϸç, ´ç½ÅÀº Æø·ÂÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµé - Áø¸®ÀÇ Àûµé, óÀ½Àº ½ÅÇÐÀÇ ±×¸®°í ³ªÁß¿£ °úÇÐÀÇ
½Ã³àµéÀÎ, ´ç½ÅÀÇ À¯·´ÀÎ ±³»çµé- ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ´ç½Å ¾È¿¡ ÁÖÀÔµÈ ³î¶ó¿î ¾î¸®¼®À½À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
You say
that the English have enslaved your people and hold them in subjection because
the latter have not resisted resolutely enough and have not met force by force. |
´ç½ÅÀº ¿µ±¹ÀεéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾úÀ¸¸ç ±×µéÀ» º¹Á¾Åä·Ï ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÈÄÀÚ´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÇ¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¹«·ÂÀ»
¹«·ÂÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
But the
case is just the opposite. If the English have enslaved the people of India it
is just because the latter recognized, and still recognize, force as the
fundamental principle of the social order. In accord with that principle they
submitted to their little rajahs, and on their behalf struggled against one
another, fought the Europeans, the English, and are now trying to fight with
them again. |
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ °æ¿ì´Â Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿µ±¹ÀÌ Àεµ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³ë¿¹ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÈÄÀÚ°¡ Æø·ÂÀ» »çȸÀû Áú¼ÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®·Î
ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ÀÛÀº ±¹¿Õ¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ º¹Á¾Çß´ø ¿ø¸®¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀ» À§Çؼ ¼·Î°¡
ÅõÀïÇÏ¿´°í, À¯·´Àεé, ¿µ±¹Àεé°ú ½Î¿üÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌÁ¦ ´Ù½Ã ±×µé°ú ½Î¿ì·Á Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. |
A
commercial company enslaved a nation comprising two hundred millions. Tell this
to a man free from superstition and he will fail to grasp what these words
mean. What does it mean that thirty thousand men, not athletes but rather weak
and ordinary people, have subdued two hundred million vigorous, clever,
capable, and freedom-loving people? Do not the figures make it clear that it is
not the English who have enslaved the Indians, but the Indians who have
enslaved themselves? |
ÇÑ »ó¾÷ ȸ»ç°¡ 2 ¾ïÀÇ Àα¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ±¹°¡¸¦ ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀ» ¹Ì½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ¾î¶² »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À ±×·¯¸é ±×´Â
ÀÌ ¸»µéÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 3 ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µé, ¿îµ¿¼±¼öµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ³ª¾àÇÏ°í Æò¹üÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ, ÄèȰÇϰí,
¿µ¸®Çϸç, ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â 2 ¾ïÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Áø¾ÐÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇմϱî? ±× ¼öÄ¡´Â ÀεµÀεéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µç °ÍÀº ¿µ±¹ÀεéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
ÀεµÀÎµé ½º½º·Î ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï±î? |
When the
Indians complain that the English have enslaved them it is as if drunkards
complained that the spirit-dealers who have settled among them have enslaved
them. You tell them that they might give up drinking, but they reply that they
are so accustomed to it that they cannot abstain, and that they must have
alcohol to keep up their energy. Is it not the same thing with the millions of
people who submit to thousands' or even to hundreds, of others-of their own or
other nations? |
Àεµ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿µ±¹ÀÌ ±×µéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾úÀ½À» ºÒÆòÇÒ ¶§ ±×°ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¼úÁÖÁ¤¹ðÀ̵éÀÌ ±×µé °¡¿îµ¥ Á¤ÂøÇÑ ¼úÀå»ç°¡ ±×µéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù°í
ºÒÆòÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô À½ÁÖ¸¦ Æ÷±âÇØµµ ÁÁ´Ù°í ¸»Çغ¸½Ê½Ã¿À, ±×·¯¸é ±×µéÀº ±×°Í¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ½À°üÀÌ µÇ¾î¼ ²÷À» ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç,
±×µéÀÇ ÈûÀ» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼úÀ» ¸¶¼Å¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ´ë´äÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼öõ ¸í¿¡°Ô ¾Æ´Ï ½ÉÁö¾î ¼ö¹é ¸íÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ - ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥
±¹°¡µéÀÇ - »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéµµ ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï±î? |
If the
people of India are enslaved by violence it is only because they themselves
live and have lived by violence, and do not recognize the eternal law of love
inherent in humanity. |
¸¸ÀÏ ÀεµÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¿¹¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ±×µé ½º½º·Î°¡ Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÏ¿© »ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç »ì¾Æ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ³»ÀçµÈ ¿µ¿øÇÑ
»ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
Pitiful
and foolish is the man who seeks what he already has, and does not know that he
has it. Yes, Pitiful and foolish is he who does not know the bliss of love
which surrounds him and which I have given him.
KRISHNA. |
ÀڱⰡ ÀÌ¹Ì °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ãÀ¸¸ç, ÀڱⰡ ±×°ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷Àº °¡·ÃÇÏ°í ¾î¸®¼®´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù, ±×¸¦ µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³»°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô
ÁØ »ç¶ûÀÇ ±â»ÝÀ» ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº °¡·ÃÇÏ°í ¾î¸®¼®´Ù.
KRISHNA. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
As soon as
men live entirely in accord with the law of love natural to their hearts and
now revealed to them, which excludes all resistance by violence, and therefore
hold aloof from all participation in violence-as soon as this happens, not only
will hundreds be unable to enslave millions, but not even millions will be able
to enslave a single individual. Do not resist the evil- doer and take no part
in doing so, either in the violent deeds of the administration, in the law
courts, the collection of taxes, or above all in soldiering, and no one in the
world will be able to enslave you. |
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¸¶À½µé¿¡ °íÀ¯Çϸç ÀÌÁ¦ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹àÇôÁø »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ý¿¡, ±×°ÍÀº Æø·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸ðµç ÀúÇ×µéÀ» ¹èÁ¦Çϸç, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Æø·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç
Âü¿©·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊ¿¬ÇÔÀ¸·Î, ¿ÂÀüÈ÷ »ìÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ - À̰ÍÀÌ ÀϾÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ¼ö¹é ¸íÀÌ ¼ö¹é¸¸À» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾øÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½ÉÁö¾î ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÌ ´Ü ÇÑ
¸íÀÇ °³ÀÎÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÇÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À ±×¸®°í ±×·¸°Ô ÇàÇÔ¿¡, ÇàÁ¤ºÎÀÇ Æø·ÂÀû ÇàÀ§µé¿¡, ¹ýÁ¤µé,
¼¼±ÝµéÀÇ Â¡¼ö¿¡, ¾Æ´Ï ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ º´¿ª¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À, ±×·¯¸é ¼¼»óÀÇ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ´ç½ÅÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
|
0 ye
who sit in bondage and continually seek and pant for freedom, seek only for
love. Love is peace in itself and peace which gives complete satisfaction. I am
the key that opens the portal to the rarely discovered land where contentment
alone is found. KRISHNA. |
¿À ³Ê´Â ¼Ó¹ÚµÇ¾î ¾É¾Æ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ãÀ¸¸ç Çæ¶±À̴±¸³ª, ¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶ûÀ» ãÀ¸¶ó. »ç¶ûÀº ±× ÀÚü°¡ ÆòÈÀ̸ç, ÆòÈ´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸¸Á·À»
ÁÖ´À´Ï¶ó. ³ª´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸¸Á·¸¸ÀÌ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÅÀÇ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¶¥À¸·Î °¡´Â ¹®À» ¿©´Â ¿¼èÀ̴϶ó.
KRISHNA. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
What is
now happening to the people of the East as of the West is like what happens to
every individual when he passes from childhood to adolescence and from youth to
manhood. He loses what had hitherto guided his life and lives without
direction, not having found a new standard suitable to his age, and so he
invents all sorts of occupations, cares, distractions, and stupefactions to
divert his attention from the misery and senselessness of his life. Such a
condition may last a long time. |
¼¾çÀÇ »ç¶÷µé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î µ¿¾çÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áö±Ý ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ Á¦°¢±â °³ÀÎÀÌ À¯³â¿¡¼ »çÃá±â·Î ±×¸®°í û³â¿¡¼ ¼º³âÀ¸·Î Èê·¯°¥
¶§¿¡ ÀϾ´Â °Í°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö ±×ÀÇ »îÀ» ÀεµÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀ» ÀÒ°í¼ ¹æÇâ ¾øÀÌ »ì¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ç¥ÁØÀ» ãÁö ¸øÇÑ
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×´Â »îÀÇ ºñÂüÇÔ°ú ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °ü½ÉÀ» µ¹¸®°íÀÚ, ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ¸®µé, ±Ù½Éµé, ¿À¶ôµé, ¹× ¸¶ÃëµéÀ»
²Ù¸ç³À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »óȲÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
When an
individual passes from one period of life to another a time comes when he
cannot go on in senseless activity and excitement as before, but has to
understand that although he has outgrown what before used to direct him, this
does not mean that he must live without any reasonable guidance, but rather
that he must formulate for himself an understanding of life corresponding to
his age, and having elucidated it must be guided by it. And in the same way a
similar time must come in the growth and development of humanity. I believe
that such a time has now arrived-not in the sense that it has come in the year
1908, but that the inherent contradiction of human life has now reached an
extreme degree of tension: on the one side there is the consciousness of the
beneficence of the law of love, and on the other the existing order of life
which has for centuries occasioned an empty, anxious, restless, and troubled
mode of life, conflicting as it does with the law of love and built on the use
of violence. This contradiction must be faced, and the solution will evidently
not be favorable to the outlived law of violence, but to the truth which has
dwelt in the hearts of men from remote antiquity: the truth that the law of
love is in accord with the nature of man. |
¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ »îÀÇ ÇÑ ½Ã±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã±â·Î ³Ñ¾î°¥ ¶§, ÀÌÀüó·³ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ Çൿ°ú ÈïºÐÀ» °è¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸é¼µµ, ±×°¡ ºñ·Ï ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×¸¦ À̲ø´ø
°ÍµéÀÌ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, À̰ÍÀÌ ±×°¡ ÀÌÁ¦ ¾Æ¹«·± ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ Àεµ ¾øÀÌ »ì¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±×´Â ½º½º·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ °É¸ÂÀº
»î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ú´ÞÀ½À» Çü¼ºÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ±×°ÍÀ» ¹àÈù ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×°Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀεµµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â ¶§°¡ ¿É´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¶È°°Àº
¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼ºÀå°ú ¹ßÀü¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ À¯»çÇÑ ½Ã±â°¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¿É´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ½Ã±â°¡ ÀÌÁ¦ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù - ±×°ÍÀÌ 1908³â¿¡ ¿Ô´Ù´Â
Àǹ̿¡¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀÇ ³»ÀûÀÎ ¸ð¼øÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ ±ØµµÀÇ ±äÀåÀÇ ´Ü°è¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î, »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀÇ ÀºÇý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀǽÄÀ̸ç, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È °øÇãÇϰí, ºÒ¾ÈÇϸç, ÃÊÁ¶Çϰí, È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î »îÀÇ ¾çŸ¦ ÃÊ·¡Çß°í, »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ý°ú Ãæµ¹À» ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç,
Æø·ÂÀÇ »ç¿ë À§¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁø ±âÁ¸ÀÇ »îÀÇ Áú¼ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¸ð¼øÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸Â¼¾ß Çϸç, ±× ÇØ°áÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø°Ô µÈ Æø·ÂÀÇ ¹ýÀ» ÇâÇØ¼°¡
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¸Õ ¿¾³¯ºÎÅÍ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´ø Áø¸®¿¡°Ô È£ÀÇÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù: ±× Áø¸®ÀÎ Áï, »ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ º»¼º°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
But men
can only recognize this truth to its full extent when they have completely
freed themselves from all religious and scientific superstitions and from all
the consequent misrepresentations and sophistical distortions by which its
recognition has been hindered for centuries. |
±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±×µéÀÌ ¸ðµç Á¾±³Àû ¹× °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½Åµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸®°í ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ ¸ðµç °ÅÁþµÈ ¼³¸íµé ¹× ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀÌ ¹æÇØ
¹Þ°Ô ¸¸µç ±Ëº¯ÀûÀÎ ¿Ö°îµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Áú ¶§¿¡, ÀÌ Áø¸®¸¦ ÇѲ¯ ±ú´ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. |
To save a
sinking ship it is necessary to throw overboard the ballast, which though it
may once have been needed would now cause the ship to sink. And so it is with
the scientific superstition which hides the truth of their welfare from
mankind. In order that men should embrace the truth- not in the vague way they
did in childhood, nor in the one-sided and perverted way presented to them by
their religious and scientific teachers, but embrace it as their highest
law-the complete liberation of this truth from all and every superstition (both
pseudo-religious and pseudo-scientific) by which it is still obscured is
essential: not a partial, timid attempt, reckoning with traditions sanctified
by age and with the habits of the people - not such as was effected in the
religious sphere by Guru-Nanak, the founder of the sect of the Sikhs, and in
the Christian world by Luther, and by similar reformers in other religions-but
a fundamental cleansing of religious consciousness from all ancient religious
and modern scientific superstitions. |
°¡¶ó¾É´Â ¹è¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ·Á¸é, ¹Ù´ÚÀÇ ÁüÀ» ¹è ¹Ù±ùÀ¸·Î ´øÁ®¹ö¸²ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ºñ·Ï ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´°ÚÁö¸¸ ÀÌÁ¦ ¹è¸¦ °¡¶ó¾É°Ô ¸¸µé
°ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÎ °ÍÀº Àηù·ÎºÎÅÍ Çູ¿¡ °üÇÑ Áø¸®¸¦ °¡¸®´Â °úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½ÅÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯±â À§Çؼ´Â, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã
Áø¸®¸¦ ²¸¾È¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù - À¯³â±â¿¡ ±×·¨´ø ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý ¾È¿¡¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶ÇÇÑ ÆíÆÄÀûÀÌ¸ç ¿Ö°îµÈ ¹æ¹ý ¾È¿¡¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×µéÀÇ Áö°íÀÇ À²¹ýÀ¸·Î
²¸¾È¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù - ¸ðµç ±×¸®°í °¢°¢ÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ È帮°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì½Åµé(À¯»ç Á¾±³ ¹× À¯»ç °úÇÐ)·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ Áø¸®ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÇØ¹æÀº ÇʼöÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù:
¿¬·É°ú »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½À°üµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ´Â Àü½Âµé¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ¸é¼ ÆíÆÄÀûÀ̸ç, ¿ìÀ¯ºÎ´ÜÇÑ ½Ãµµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó - ½ÃÅ©±³ÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚÀÎ
Guru-Nanak¿¡
ÀÇÇÑ, ±×¸®°í ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ¼¼°è¿¡¼´Â
Luther¿¡
ÀÇÇÑ, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³µé¿¡¼ À¯»çÇÑ °³Çõ°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¾±³Àû ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´ø °Í °°Àº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó - ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç °í´ëÀÇ Á¾±³Àû ¹× Çö´ëÀÇ
°úÇÐÀû ¹Ì½Åµé·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ Á¾±³Àû ÀνÄÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Á¤È¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
If only
people freed themselves from their beliefs in all kinds of Ormuzds, Brahmas,
Sabbaoths, and their incarnation as Krishnas and Christs, from beliefs in
Paradises and Hells, in reincarnations and resurrections, from belief in the
interference of the Gods in the external affairs of the universe, and above
all, if they freed themselves from belief in the infallibility of all the
various Vedas, Bibles, Gospels, Tripitakas, Korans, and the like, and also
freed themselves from blind belief in a variety of scientific teachings about
infinitely small atoms and molecules and in all the infinitely great and
infinitely remote worlds, their movements and origin, as well as from faith in
the infallibility of the scientific law to which humanity is at present
subjected: the historic law, the economic laws, the law of struggle and
survival, and so on-if people only freed themselves from this terrible
accumulation of futile exercises of our lower capacities of mind and memory
called the 'Sciences', and from the innumerable divisions of all sorts of
histories, anthropologies, homiletics, bacteriologics, jurisprudences,
cosmographies, strategies-their name is legion-and freed themselves from all
this harmful, stupifying ballast-the simple law of love, natural to man,
accessible to all and solving all questions and perplexities, would of itself
become clear and obligatory. |
¿ÀÁ÷ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ
Ormuzd, Brahma,
Sabbaoth, ±×¸®°í
Krishna ¹×
Christ·Î¼ ±×µéÀÇ È½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ³«¿øµé°ú Áö¿Áµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ, À±È¸µé°ú ºÎȰµé¿¡
´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½µé·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¿ÜÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °³ÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î
¸ðµç ´Ù¾çÇÑ Veda, Bible, Gospel,
Tripitaka, Koran, ¹× À¯»çÇÑ °ÍµéÀÇ ¹«·ù¼º(Ùí×½àõ)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³À¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ¶ÇÇÑ ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ ÀÛÀº ¿øÀÚµé ¹× ºÐÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ Å« ¸Õ ¼¼»óµé, ±×µéÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓµé ¹× ±â¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Í¸ñÀû
¹ÏÀ½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇöÀç Àηù°¡ Á¾¼ÓµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °úÇÐÀû ¹ýÄ¢ - ¿ª»çÀû ¹ýÄ¢, °æÁ¦Àû ¹ýÄ¢, ÅõÀï ¹× »ýÁ¸ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢, µîµî - ÀÇ ¹«·ù¼º¿¡
´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³´Ù¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ '°úÇеé'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¸¶À½°ú ±â¾ï¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀúÁú½º·± ´É·ÂµéÀÇ ¾µ¸ð ¾ø´Â Çà»çµé¿¡
°üÇÑ ÀÌó·³ ¹«¼¿î ÃàÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿ª»çµé, ÀηùÇеé, ¼³±³Çеé, ¼¼±ÕÇеé, ¹ýÇеé, õÁöÇеé, Àü·«µé·ÎºÎÅÍ - ±×°ÍµéÀÇ
À̸§Àº ±º´Ü(legion)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù - ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÇØ·Î¿ì¸ç, ¾î¸®¼®°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù´ÚÁüÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ½º½º·Î ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö Á³´Ù¸é - ´Ü¼øÇÑ
»ç¶ûÀÇ À²¹ýÀº, »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ̸ç, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦µé°ú È¥¶õµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À¸·Î½á, ÀúÀý·Î ¸í¹éÇØÁö°í ´ç¿¬ÇÑ
°ÍÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
|
Children, look at the flowers at your feet; do not trample upon them. Look at
the love in your midst and do not repudiate it.
KRISHNA. |
ÀÚ³àµé¾Æ, ³ÊÈñ ¹ß ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ²ÉµéÀ» º¸¶ó; ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹âÁö ¸»¶ó. ³ÊÈñµé ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶ûÀ» º¸¶ó ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.
KRISHNA. |
There is a higher reason which
transcends all human minds. It is far and near. It permeates all the worlds and
at the same time is infinitely higher than they.
A man who sees that all things are
contained in the higher spirit cannot treat any being with contempt.
For him to whom all spiritual beings
are equal to the highest there can be no room for deception or grief.
Those who are ignorant and are devoted
to the religious rites only, are in a deep gloom, but those who are given up to
fruitless meditations are in a still greater darkness.
UPANISHADS, FROM VEDAS. |
¸ðµç Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸¶À½µéÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ´Â ´õ¿í ´õ ³ôÀº À̼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸Ö¸®¿¡ ±×¸®°í °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµç ¼¼»óµé¿¡ ½º¸çµé°í µ¿½Ã¿¡
±×µé º¸´Ù ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ ³ô´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¹°ÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀº ¿µ¿¡ ´ã°Ü ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù¸¥ Á¸À縦 ºñ¿ôÀ¸¸ç ´ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿µÀûÀÎ Á¸ÀçµéÀÌ Áö°íÀÇ
°Í°ú µ¿µîÇÑ ±×¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ ±â¸¸À̳ª ½½ÇÄÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¹«ÁöÇÏ¸ç ¿ÀÁ÷ Á¾±³Àû Àǽĵ鿡 Çå½ÅÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº, ±íÀº ¾îµÒ¿¡
ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÇêµÈ ¸í»óµé¿¡ ºüÁø »ç¶÷µéÀº ÈξÀ ´õ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¾ÏÈæ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
UPANISHADS, FROM VEDAS. |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
Yes, in
our time all these things must be cleared away in order that mankind may escape
from self- inflicted calamities that have reached an extreme intensity. Whether
an Indian seeks liberation from subjection to the English, or anyone else
struggles with an oppressor either of his own nationality or of another-whether
it be a Negro defending himself against the North Americans; or Persians,
Russians, or Turks against the Persian, Russian, or Turkish governments, or any
man seeking the greatest welfare for himself and for everybody else -they do
not need explanations and justifications of old religious superstitions such as
have been formulated by your Vivekanandas, Baba Bharatis, and others, or in the
Christian world by a number of similar interpreters and exponents of things
that nobody needs; nor the innumerable scientific theories about matters not
only unnecessary but for the most part harmful. (In the spiritual realm nothing
is indifferent: what is not useful is harmful.) What are wanted for the Indian
as for the Englishman, the Frenchman, the German, and the Russian, are not
Constitutions and Revolutions, nor all sorts of Conferences and Congresses, nor
the many ingenious devices for submarine navigation and aerial navigation, nor
powerful explosives, nor all sorts of conveniences to add to the enjoyment of
the rich, ruling classes; nor new schools and universities with innumerable
faculties of science, nor an augmentation of papers and books, nor gramophones
and cinematographs, nor those childish and for the most part corrupt
stupidities termed art-but one thing only is needful: the knowledge of the
simple and clear truth which finds place in every soul that is not stupefied by
religious and scientific superstitions-the truth that for our life one law is
valid-the law of love, which brings the highest happiness to every individual
as well as to all mankind. Free your minds from those overgrown, mountainous
imbecilities which hinder your recognition of it, and at once the truth will
emerge from amid the pseudo-religious nonsense that has been smothering it: the
indubitable, eternal truth inherent in man, which is one and the same in all
the great religions of the world. It will in due time emerge and make its way
to general recognition, and the nonsense that has obscured it will disappear of
itself, and with it will go the evil from which humanity now suffers. |
±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù, ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡ ±Øµµ¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ, Àηù°¡ ÀÚÃÊÇÑ Àç¾Óµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Å»ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸·Á¸é, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¦°ÅµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀεµÀÎÀÌ
¿µ±¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¾¼ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿öÁüÀ» Ãß±¸Çϵç, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ´Ù¸¥ ´©±º°¡ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±¹ÀûÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±¹ÀûÀÇ ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚµé°ú ÅõÀïÇϵçÁö - ±×°ÍÀÌ
ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« Àε鿡 ½º½º·Î ´ëÇ×ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ÈæÀÎÀ̵çÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é Æä¸£½Ã¾Æ, ·¯½Ã¾Æ, Å;îŰ Á¤ºÎµé¿¡ ¸Â¼´Â Æä¸£½Ã¾ÆÀεé, ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀεé, Å;îŰÀÎ
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¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç À§´ëÇÑ Á¾±³µé¿¡¼ ÇϳªÀÌÀÚ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¶§°¡ µÇ¸é ³ªÅ¸³ª¼ º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ÀνÄÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¥ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» È帮°Ô
ÇÏ¿´´ø ±â¸¸Àº ÀúÀý·Î »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù, ±×¸®°í ±×°Í°ú ÇÔ²² Àηù°¡ Áö±Ý °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾Çµµ °¡¹ö¸± °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. |
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Children, look upwards with your beclouded eyes, and a world full of joy and
love will disclose itself to you, a rational world made by My wisdom, the only
real world. Then you will know what love has done with you, what love has
bestowed upon you, what love demands from you.
KRISHNA. |
ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ¿©, ³ÊÈñÀÇ ±¸¸§ µ¤ÀÎ ´«À¸·Î À§¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ±â»Ý°ú »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î °¡µæ Âù ¼¼»óÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¿¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ï, ±×°ÍÀº
³ªÀÇ ÁöÇý·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ¼¼»óÀ̸ç, À¯ÀÏÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ ¼¼»óÀ̴϶ó. ±×·¯¸é ³ÊÈñ´Â »ç¶ûÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀ», »ç¶ûÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú´ø
°ÍÀ», »ç¶ûÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô¼ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë °ÍÀ̴϶ó.
KRISHNA. |
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YASNAYA
POLYANA.
December 14th, 1908. |
¾ß½º³ª¾ß Æú¸®¾ß³ª 1908³â 12¿ù 14ÀÏ |
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[ A Confession ] [ What I Believe ] [ Gospel In Brief ] [ Kingdom of God ] [ A Criticism of Dogmatic Theology ] [ An Examination of The Gospels ] [ A Harmony, Translation, and Examination of The Four Gospels ] [ 23 Tales ] [ Hadji Murad ] [ Resurrection ] [ His Life and Work ] [ Count Tolstoi and the Public Censor ] [ The Devil ] [ Last Days of Tolstoy ] [ First Recollections ] [ Father Sergious ] [ The Forged Coupon ] [ The Death of Ivan Ilych ] [ The Kreutzer Sonata ] [ Tolstoi's Kreutzer Sonata ] [ How Much Land Does A Man Need? ] [ What to do - On the Census in Moscow ] [ To A Kind Youth ] [ Master and Man ] [ Patriotism and Government ] [ Thou shall not kill ] [ To the Tsar and His Assistants ] [ A Letter to Russian Liberals ] [ A Letter to a Hindu ] [ Letter to Gandhi ] [ Letter to A Noncommissioned Officer ] [ To The Working People ] [ On Non-Resistance ] [ Last Message to Mankind ] [ The Slavery of Our Times ] [ Reminiscences Of Tolstoy ] [ Semenov's Peaseant Stories ] [ Strider ] [ The Works of Guy De Maupassant ] [ The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy ] [ The Tragedy of Tolstoy ]
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