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Woolman, John (b. Oct. 19, 1720, Ancocas,
N.J. [U.S.]--d. Oct. 7, 1772, York, Yorkshire, Eng.), British-American Quaker
leader and Abolitionist whose Journal is recognized as one of the classic
records of the spiritual inner life.
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¿ï¸Õ(John Woolman),
1720. 10. 19 ¹Ì±¹ ´ºÀúÁö ¾ÈÄÚÄ«½º~1772. 10. 7 À×±Û·£µå ¿äÅ©¼Å ¿äÅ©.
¿µ±¹·É ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ÄùÀÌÄ¿±³ ÁöµµÀÚ, ³ë¿¹Á¦ öÆó·ÐÀڷμ,
±×ÀÇ ¡´Àϱâ Journal¡µ´Â ¿µÀûÀÎ ³»¸éÀÇ »îÀ» ±â·ÏÇÑ °íÀü ÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î ²ÅÈù´Ù. |
| Until he was 21 Woolman worked for his father, a Quaker farmer. He then moved
to Mount Holly, N.J., to enter trade. At that time he made his first appearance
as a preacher of Quaker doctrine, exercising his ministry without financial
remuneration, in keeping with his religion's practice. In 1743 he took up
tailoring, which afforded a modest income, augmented at times by other work.
From 1743 he made frequent and often arduous preaching journeys, visiting, among
other places, Maryland's east shore, where he carried his message against
slaveholding, and the Rhode Island coast, where he brought his antislavery
doctrine to the attention of shipowners. In Indian villages of the Pennsylvania
frontier, he supported Moravian missionary attempts, sought to curtail the sale
of rum to the Indians, and worked for a more just Indian land policy. |
¿ï¸ÕÀº 21¼¼±îÁö ÄùÀÌÄ¿±³µµ ³óºÎÀÎ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ µµ¿Í ÀÏÇß°í, ±×µÚ ´ºÀúÁö ÁÖ ¸¶¿îƮȦ¸®·Î °¡¼ Àå»ç¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×¹«·Æ ±×´Â ±Þ·á¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °üÇàÀ» ÁؼöÇϸç ÄùÀÌÄ¿ ±³¸®ÀÇ ¼³±³Àڷμ ù¹ßÀ» ³»µðµ±´Ù. 1743³â ¾çº¹Á¡À» Â÷·ÈÀ¸³ª, ¼öÀÔÀÌ ±×¸® ¸¹Áö ¾Ê¾Æ ¶§·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÀÏÀ» °âÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾È µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1743³â ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ªµé·Î ÀÚÁÖ Àüµµ¿©ÇàÀ» Çß°í, ¶§·Î´Â Èû°Ü¿î Àüµµ¿©Ç൵ Çß´Ù. ¸Þ¸±·£µåÀÇ µ¿ÂÊ ÇØ¾ÈÀ» ¹æ¹®Çؼ´Â ³ë¿¹¼ÒÀ¯¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ¼³±³¸¦ Çß°í, ·Îµå¾ÆÀÏ·£µå ÇØº¯¿¡¼´Â ¼±ÁÖ(àÏñ«)µé¿¡°Ô ³ë¿¹Á¦µµ¸¦ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ±³¸®¸¦ ÀüÇß´Ù. Ææ½Çº£ÀÌ´Ï¾Æ º¯°æ Àεð¾ð ¸¶À»µé¿¡¼´Â ¸ð¶óºñ¾Æ ¼±±³»çµéÀÇ È°µ¿À» Áö¿øÇß°í, Àεð¾ðµé¿¡°Ô ¼úÀ» ÆÇ¸ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÙÀ̵µ·Ï ³ë·ÂÇßÀ¸¸ç, º¸´Ù °øÁ¤ÇÑ Àεð¾ð Áö¿ªÁ¤Ã¥À» À§ÇØ ÀÏÇß´Ù. |
| Woolman maintained a strict manner of life, making his trips on foot whenever
possible, wearing undyed garments, and abstaining from the use of any product
connected with the slave trade. He was successful in getting Quaker communities
to go on record against slavery and in persuading many individuals to free their
slaves. |
¿ï¸ÕÀº ¾ö°ÝÇÑ »ýȰ ŵµ¸¦ À¯ÁöÇß´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ °É¾î¼ ¿©ÇàÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¿°»öÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔ°í, ³ë¿¹¸Å¸Å¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ »óǰÀº ÀÏü »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ÄùÀÌÄ¿ °øµ¿Ã¼µé¿¡°Ô ³ë¿¹Á¦µµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ¸íÇÑ ¹Ý´ëÀǻ縦 Ç¥¸íÇÏ°Ô Çϰí, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ³ë¿¹µéÀ» ÇØ¹æ½Ã۵µ·Ï ¼³µæÇØ ¸¹Àº ¼º°ú¸¦ °ÅµÎ¾ú´Ù. |
| His Journal, published in 1774, was begun in his 36th year and
continued until his death; it is a major document of his religious experience,
written in a style distinguished by purity and simplicity of expression. He also
wrote several other works expressing his spiritual and antislavery convictions.
All his writings were collected in The Works of John Woolman (1774). The
most complete edition of the Journal is that of A.M. Gummere (1922). |
1774³â °£ÇàµÈ ±×ÀÇ ¡´Àϱ⡵´Â ±×°¡ 36¼¼ºÎÅÍ Á×À» ¶§±îÁö °è¼Ó ¾´ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ±× ±ÛÀº ±×ÀÇ Á¾±³Àû °æÇèÀÌ ´ã±ä Áß¿äÇÑ ¹®¼·Î¼, ¸Å¿ì ¼ø¼öÇÏ°í °£°áÇÑ ¹®Ã¼·Î ¾º¾îÁ³´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿µÀû ½Å³ä°ú ³ë¿¹Á¦µµ¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ÁÖÀåÀ» ´ãÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ Ã¥µéÀ» ½è´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀúÀÛµéÀº ¡´Á¸ ¿ï¸ÕÀÇ È°µ¿ The Works of John Woolman¡µ(1774)¿¡ ¼ö·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¡´Àϱ⡵ÀÇ °¡Àå ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ÆÇÀº A. M. °Å¸Ó¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÃâÆÇµÈ(1922) °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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