Heteronyms

Heteronyms

동철이음이의(同綴異音異意)어

What are heteronyms?	동철이음이의어(heteronym)란?
Heteronyms are words that are spelled identically but have different meanings when pronounced differently. For example: Lead, pronounced LEED, means to guide. However, lead, pronounced LED, means a metallic element.	동철이음어는 철자는 똑같지만 달리 발음될 때에 다른 의미를 갖는 단어들이다. 예를 들면: lead는 '리드'라고 발음되면, '인도하다'를 의미한다. 하지만, lead가 '레드'라고 발음된다면 '금속 성분'을 의미한다.
*Compare heteronyms* to homographs, homophones, and homonyms.**	homograph, homophone, homonym 과 heteronym의 비교:
Homographs are words that are spelled the same but differ in meaning, derivation, or pronunciation. Homophones are words that are pronounced the same but differ in meaning, derivation, or spelling. Homonyms are words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings. There is overlap among these categories.	동형이의어(同型異意: homograph)는 철자는 같지만 의미, 파생어 또는 발음이 상이한 단어들이다. 동음이의어(同音異意: homophone)는 똑같이 발음되지만 의미, 파생어 또는 철자가 다른 단어들이다. 동형동음이의어(同型同音異意: homonym)은 철자도 같고 발음도 같지만 다른 의미를 지니는 단어들이다. 이들 분류는 서로 겹치고 있다.
Heteronyms are specific types of homographs in which the different pronunciations are associated with different meanings. Many heteronyms are the result of one pronunciation being a verb and another being a noun.	Heteronym은 상이한 발음들이 상이한 의미들과 연관이 되는 homograph의 구체적인 형태이다. 많은 heteronym은 한 쪽 발음은 동사를, 다른 쪽 발음은 명사를 지칭하는 결과로 나타난다.

Heteronyms

Affect ehFEKT- to change; AFFekt- a person's feelings or emotion (1)
Alternate ALternit- the next choice; ALternait- switch back and forth (9)
Are AHR- plural present tense of "to be"; AIR- 100 square meters (1/100th of a hectare) [although may also be pronounced AHR] (15)
Ares AIRS- 100 square meter units [plural]; AIReez- Greek god of war [capitalized] (15)
Attribute ahTRIByoot- to consider resulting from; AHtribyoot- a characteristic of someone (12)
August AUgust- month [capitalized]; auGUST- important, eminent (9)
Axes AKsiz- more than one ax or axe; AKseez- the plural of axis (13)
Bass BASE- a string instrument; (rhymes with mass)- a fish (1)
Bow BAU- to lower one's head or the front of a ship; BOH- used to shoot arrows (7)
Bowed BAU-d- to bend over; BOH-d- bent (12)
Buffet BUFFet- to pound or bump; booFAY- place where you serve yourself (9)
Close CLOZE- to shut; CLOS- near (9)
Combine komBYNE- put together; KOMbyne- a threshing machine (1)
Conduct KONduckt- behavior; kunDUCKT- to lead (see this heteronym below) (12)
Conflict kunFLIKT- to act against; KAHNflict- a fight or disagreement (1)
Console KAHNsole- an upright case; kunSOLE- to comfort (2)
Content KAHNtent- meaning; kunTENT- satisfied (1)
Contest kunTEST- to argue; KAHNtest- a match of skill (1)
Contract CONtract- an agreement; conTRACT- to shrink or to agree on a project (2)
Convert conVERT- to change one's belief; CONvert- one whose belief was changed (11)
Converse KAHNvers- the opposite; kunVERS- to talk (1c)
Convict kunVIKT- to find guilty; KAHNvikt- a prisoner (1)
Crooked KROOKt- to bend your neck; KROOK-ed- having a curve (3)
Deliberate diLIBerit- carefully considered; diLIBerATE- to consider (12)
Desert dihZURT- to leave ; DEZert- arid region (18, and below)
Digest DYEjest- collection of published material; dieJEST- absorb nutrients (6)
Do DOO- to accomplish; DOE- a musical note (1)
Does DUZ- performs; DOZE- more than one female deer (1)
Dove DUV- a bird; DOEV- jumped off (1)
Excuse EKskyooz- to let someone off; EKskyoos- a reason or explanation (17)
House HAUS- a building that serves as living quarters; HOWZ- to provide with living quarters (10)
Incense INsens- burnt aromatic; inSENS- to make angry (9)
Intern INtern- a physician in training; inTERN- confine to prescribed area (14)
Invalid inVALLid- not valid; INvallid- an ill person (1)
Laminate LAMinate- to construct by adding layers; LAMinit [although both pronunciations are listed]- the cover itself (1)
Lather (rhymes with rather)- foam or suds; (rhymes with bath fur)- a worker who installs lath (lattice work) (15)
Lead LEED- to guide; LED- a metallic element (1)
Minute MINNit- 60 seconds; myNOOT- tiny (1)
Moderate MODerit- keeping within reason; MODerATE- to preside over (1)
Mow MOH- to cut grass; MAU- a pile of hay (17)
Multiply MULLtihPLIE- multiply two numbers; MULLtihplee- in a multiple manner (15)
Number NUMber- one, two, three …; NUMMER- more numb [many dictionaries do not list this use, which suggests that "more numb" is preferred; however, the listed use is given in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition, Electronic version.] (18)
Nun NUN- women in religious order; NOON- 14th letter in Hebrew alphabet (9)
Object ubJEKT- to complain; AHBjekt- a thing (1c)
Pasty PAstee- like glue; PASStee- a meat pie (1)
Pate PAIT- a bald head; paTAY- a minced food; PAHT- a porcelain paste [diacritics in pâté and pâte don't count!](1)
Perfect PERfekt- exactly correct; perFEKT- to make correct (17)
Periodic PEEReeODDik- occasional; PUREeyeODDik- an iodine compound (15)
Permit perMIT- to allow some event to occur; PERmit [although both pronunciations are listed]- a document giving permission (8)
Polish POElish- from Poland; PAHLish- shine [capitalization doesn't count!](4)
Present PREZent- a gift; preeSENT- to give a talk (9)
Primer PRIHMer- an elementary book; PRYmer- the preparatory coat of paint (1c, 12)
Produce PROdoos- vegetables; proDOOS- bring forth (1)
Project proJEKT- to show a movie; PRAHjekt- a task (1)
Pussy PUHSee- having pus; POOHSee; a kitten (18)
Raven RAYven- black bird; RAVen- hungry (9)
Rebel REBBell- a resister; rihBELL- to resist (2)
Record RECKord- a list; reKORD- to write down (1)
Recreation rek-ree-Ashun- pastime; REEcreeAshun- remake (also, recreate) (12)
Refuse reFUSE- to deny; REFFyoos- garbage (1)
Relay reeLAY- to put it down again, such as a carpet; REElay- a race by teams; rihLAY- to pass along, such as information [One of our dictionaries gives these pronunciations, but does not distinguish meanings among the latter two. The pronunciation may vary among individuals.] (12)
Rerun reRUN- to race again or to repeat a show on television; RErun- a repeated TV show (12)
Resume reeZOOM- to restart; REHZoomay- a document of experience [also résumé; diacritics don't count!] (1)
Row ROH- a line; ROUW- a fight (1)
Sake SAHkey- alcoholic drink; SAYK- a purpose (5)
Secrete seeKREET- to discharge; sehKRET- an armored skullcap [secrète, diacritics don't count!]
Secreted seeKREETed- having put out; SEEkrehted- placed out of sight (9) [N.B.: This word is also an antagonym!]
Separate SEPerATE- to divide into groups; SEPret- not joined together (17)
Sewer SOwer- one who sews; SOOwer- place for human waste (9)
Slough SLUFF- the outer layer of skin of a snake; [rhymes with OW!]- a hole of deep mud or mire; SLOO- a marshy pond (19)
Sow SOUW- a pig; SO- to plant seed (1)
Subject SUBjekt- the theme; subJEKT- to force upon someone (12)
Tear TARE- to rip; TEER- fluid in eye (1)
Wind WHINEd- to coil up; WINd- the blowing air (1)
Wound WOOND- to injure; WOWND- coiled up (1)

Heteronymic Sentences

Mary & Harry Baldwin of San Diego (12) are collectors of heteronyms. When they find a word, they compose a sentence that uses the different meanings. For example:

When the brush fire was close, the authorities had to close the road.
I subject my friends to pain when I discuss the subject of my operation.

The Baldwins found an article in the Smithsonian Magazine (vol. 19, p. 244, November 1988) by Felicia Lamport entitled "The bass swam around the bass drum on the ocean floor" in which heteronyms are the subject. One nice example: "She wished she could desert him in the desert."